Busy women tend to put visits to the doctor at the end of their priorities. But when in the midst of a hectic life, making time for health check-ins is vital. Hopefully you're up to date with all of your necessary vaccinations and can just focus on making sure you're on track with these appointments。
工作繁忙的女性總不經(jīng)意地忽視健康檢查，但在庸庸碌碌的一生中，這正是必不可少的。我們希望你已接種過(guò)所有需要接種的疫苗，并能確保自己走在保持定期檢查身體的軌道上。
Every Five Years
每五年，你需要做：
1. Physical exam: While certain studies are calling physical exams useless, the National Institute of Health still suggests getting two physical exams in your 20s and 30s. Every doctor is different when it comes to a physical, but chances are your provider will go over your history, vital signs, and blood work and perform a variety of medical screenings。
體格檢查：盡管某些研究宣稱體格檢查無(wú)用，但美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院建議20多歲和30多歲應(yīng)分別做一次體格檢查。每位醫(yī)生做的檢查項(xiàng)目也許略有區(qū)別，但至少你的醫(yī)生會(huì)看一遍你的醫(yī)療記錄、檢查生命體征、血象，并做一系列攝片檢查。
2. Cholesterol: Once you're 20 years old, checking your cholesterol every five years is essential. The process is fairly straightforward; after you fast for 12 hours, you go for a blood test that measures total cholesterol, LDL "bad" cholesterol, HDL "good" cholesterol, and triglycerides. Your LDL cholesterol levels should be 100 mg/dL or less, and your HDL (good) cholesterol levels should be 60 mg/dL or above。
膽固醇檢查：當(dāng)你已跨過(guò)20歲的大坎以后，每五年檢查一次膽固醇成了必要。過(guò)程并不復(fù)雜：禁食12小時(shí)后，將做血液測(cè)試，以檢查體內(nèi)的全膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白(“壞膽固醇”)、高密度脂蛋白(“好膽固醇”)、和甘油三酯含量。低密度脂蛋白含量應(yīng)低于100mg/dL，而高密度脂蛋白應(yīng)高于60mg/dL才算正常范圍。
Every Three to Five Years
每3-5年，你需要做：
3. Pap smear: While yearly pap smears were the norm, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, most women from age 21 to 65 can wait three to five years between pap tests as long as the results are normal。
宮頸涂片檢查：雖然常規(guī)是一年一做，不過(guò)美國(guó)婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)會(huì)的專家們認(rèn)為，如果每次的檢查結(jié)果均正常，年齡介于21-65歲的女性每3-5年做一次復(fù)查即可。
Every Three Years
每3年，你需要做：
4. Breast exam: The breast exam performed by a physician is an important preventative measure to take to lower your breast cancer risk. According to the American Cancer Society, women in their 20s and 30s should have a clinical breast exam (CBE) every three years. While the majority of women don't have to start going for annual mammograms until their 40s, the ACA also recommends early mammogram screening for women with a first-degree relative who has had breast cancer。
乳腺檢查：醫(yī)生對(duì)乳腺進(jìn)行檢查，可以極大程度上避免乳腺癌的發(fā)生。據(jù)美國(guó)癌癥協(xié)會(huì)報(bào)道，每三年，年齡介于20多歲和30多歲的女性都應(yīng)該檢查一次乳腺。盡管絕大多數(shù)女性都是直到40多歲才開(kāi)始每年進(jìn)行乳房X光攝影檢測(cè)，美國(guó)癌癥協(xié)會(huì)仍然建議：那些直系親屬中有乳腺癌病史的女性應(yīng)該盡早做該檢查。
Every Two Years
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5. Eye exam: The American Optometric Association recommends a comprehensive eye exam every two years. You'll take a series of vision tests to assess if you need glasses and also to check that your eyes are in good shape。
視力檢查：美國(guó)眼科協(xié)會(huì)推薦每?jī)赡曜鲆淮稳嫜劭茩z查。你將接受一系列視力測(cè)試，以衡量是否需要佩戴眼鏡，并及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)眼睛是否狀態(tài)良好。
Every Year
每一年，你需要做：
6. Blood pressure: Having your blood pressure checked every year is a necessity. Luckily, you don't have to head to the doctor every time you're due. Look out for screenings in your area or use the automated machines at your local pharmacy. High blood pressure - also known as hypertension - is 140/90 or above. The normal adult blood pressure should be below 120/80.
血壓測(cè)量：每年必須測(cè)量血壓。幸運(yùn)的是，你并不需要每次都去醫(yī)生那兒測(cè)血壓。在家附近找個(gè)血壓測(cè)量點(diǎn)、或是在藥店里買(mǎi)個(gè)自動(dòng)測(cè)血壓計(jì)都行。高血壓指血壓值是140/90及以上，正常成年人的血壓應(yīng)該在120/80以下。
7. Dental exam: You may dislike heading to the dentist, but staying on top of this appointment is essential for your long-term health. Make sure you head for a thorough cleaning and dental exam every six months to a year。
牙齒檢查：也許你討厭去牙科診所，但為了長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)健康考慮，這個(gè)檢查是很有必要的。每6個(gè)月或一年應(yīng)該進(jìn)行一次徹底全面的牙齒清潔及功能檢查。
Every Month
每個(gè)月，你應(yīng)該做：
8. Self breast exams: While certain medical groups claim that self breast exams are no longer needed, many women have chosen to continue this practice. If you're not sure how to do a breast self exam already, learn the instructions, and be familiar with how your breasts feel and look. The test itself won't lower your risk, but having this performed regularly is putting you in the best position to see issues in the earliest stages。
自我乳房檢查：某些醫(yī)療團(tuán)隊(duì)宣稱自我乳房檢查沒(méi)什么用，但仍然有很多女性堅(jiān)持這么做。如果你不確定如何正確地自行檢查乳房，學(xué)習(xí)一下，并記住自己乳房的觸感和外觀。自我檢查并不會(huì)降低乳腺癌的發(fā)病率，但常規(guī)的檢查能最大限度地幫助你盡早發(fā)現(xiàn)異常并予以治療。
9. Self skin exam: If you have a propensity for sun spots or moles, you may have to go to your dermatologist more regularly, but The Skin Cancer Foundation recommends a simple head-to-toe self skin exam every month. The instructions are simple and easy to follow, and just like a self breast exam, it helps you get familiar with your skin so you notice changes earlier。
自我皮膚檢查：如果你鐘愛(ài)太陽(yáng)曬斑或痣，請(qǐng)經(jīng)常去你的皮膚科醫(yī)生那里檢查。皮膚癌協(xié)會(huì)推薦每月進(jìn)行一次簡(jiǎn)易全身皮膚檢查，內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單易學(xué)。就跟乳房自查一樣，這個(gè)檢查能讓你對(duì)全身皮膚情況了如指掌，這樣一旦有變化發(fā)生，你便可以立即察覺(jué)到。
