2019年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題及答案解析完整版（卷一）

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2019年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題及答案解析完整版（卷一）

Part I Writing(30 minutes)

請(qǐng)于正式開(kāi)考后半小時(shí)內(nèi)完成該部分，之后將進(jìn)行聽(tīng)力考試。

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your school newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to help elderly people in the neighborhood .You should write at least 120 words not more than 180 words.

【范文】

Young Volunteers Visited a Nursing Home

Volunteers from our university visited a nursing home located in Hangzhou on June 14th, which was highly appraised by the elderly there.

Upon the students’ arrival, tears of joy glistened in the seniors’ eyes when the young students presented them with well-prepared gifts. Then, the students talked to them one-on-one with kindness. Both the youth and the aged were willing to share their life stories, immersing in an atmosphere of joy. When it was time for the youngsters to leave, the elderly thanked them over and over again. And the volunteers expressed that they learned a lot and were all stunned by the optimism their elderly friends had for their future.

According to Winston Churchill, a British statesman, “we make a living by what we get, but we make a life by what we give.” The visit not only enriches the seniors’ daily life, but also provides the youth with an opportunity to learn some important life lessons from the elderly residents.

By Aria, school newspaper

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】

寫(xiě)作試題是考查考生綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的能力，四級(jí)寫(xiě)作試題對(duì)考生的要求也越來(lái)越高。今年考查了新聞報(bào)道這一新的文章體裁，這也就意味著出題人更加強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生把考場(chǎng)作文和真實(shí)生活中的寫(xiě)作聯(lián)系在一起，對(duì)于學(xué)生觀察生活的能力提出了更高的要求——注意到新聞的格式和內(nèi)容安排的特點(diǎn)。一方面，新聞報(bào)道需要寫(xiě)出標(biāo)題和落款，標(biāo)題注意簡(jiǎn)潔明了，落款既要寫(xiě)出人名還要按照新聞報(bào)道的格式寫(xiě)出by sb.，最后還要寫(xiě)出所在的新聞機(jī)構(gòu)。另一方面，在內(nèi)容上，分三段進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作，第一段寫(xiě)導(dǎo)語(yǔ)，點(diǎn)明事件的基本情況(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件、人物、目的或意義);第二段寫(xiě)經(jīng)過(guò)(一般按照時(shí)間順序進(jìn)行書(shū)寫(xiě)，同時(shí)可以對(duì)其中一個(gè)小事進(jìn)行特寫(xiě)，中間還可以穿插人物采訪);第三段寫(xiě)對(duì)這一事件，人物的看法、想法和觀點(diǎn)。

在體裁上雖然不同于以往四級(jí)命題的規(guī)律，但是萬(wàn)變不離其宗的是仍然把學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言能力的運(yùn)用能力作為考查重點(diǎn)。綜觀近五年的四級(jí)寫(xiě)作命題趨勢(shì)，無(wú)論是要說(shuō)明理由、解釋原因、闡明影響，第一段的功能始終都是引入，這跟新聞報(bào)道的第一段寫(xiě)導(dǎo)語(yǔ)是一致的，所以考生可以結(jié)合以往作文的行文思路作為切入點(diǎn)書(shū)寫(xiě)新聞報(bào)道。第二段是濃墨重彩的一段，而新聞報(bào)道與普通作文的區(qū)別是更側(cè)重事實(shí)，所以要求考生在書(shū)寫(xiě)的時(shí)候只需要客觀寫(xiě)出事情的起因、經(jīng)過(guò)、結(jié)果即可。第三段無(wú)論是以往的作文還是新聞報(bào)道，都需要給出總結(jié)(對(duì)事件的看法和觀點(diǎn))，在新聞報(bào)道的結(jié)尾段作出對(duì)事件的評(píng)價(jià)和寫(xiě)出所的感悟就可以了。

今年考查的話題是養(yǎng)老院、農(nóng)場(chǎng)和當(dāng)?shù)匦W(xué)，與考生的生活比較貼近，在寫(xiě)作時(shí)，列舉的例子應(yīng)較為典型，這樣閱卷老師很容明白考生文中所描述的內(nèi)容。同時(shí)，考生對(duì)這個(gè)例子也應(yīng)很熟悉，能夠熟練運(yùn)用一些有關(guān)的詞或短語(yǔ)，這樣下筆時(shí)才會(huì)有話可說(shuō)，從而將相關(guān)的背景知識(shí)與正確的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)有效地結(jié)合起來(lái)。這些話題與大學(xué)生的生活息息相關(guān)。這些話題對(duì)于考生而言都會(huì)有話可說(shuō)，并且能夠提出一定的看法和觀點(diǎn)。

Part 2 Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)

本次四級(jí)聽(tīng)力難度適中，就聽(tīng)力文本的主題而言，難度略有下降。因?yàn)榻衲赀@套聽(tīng)力的內(nèi)容和大學(xué)生生活較為貼近，主題以校園，生活類(lèi)為主，沒(méi)有難度較大的政治，經(jīng)濟(jì)，科技，科普之類(lèi)的主題，因而，對(duì)聽(tīng)力較好的同學(xué)而言，應(yīng)該會(huì)感受到比往年題目聽(tīng)到的生詞少。

但題目設(shè)置上的難度并沒(méi)有降低(沒(méi)有題目，紅色字體為猜測(cè)出題點(diǎn))。由于目前還沒(méi)有試卷選項(xiàng)，單就原文和出題位置來(lái)看，出題位置符合“頭尾重點(diǎn)”“邏輯”處等考點(diǎn)，考生在應(yīng)試時(shí)若把握好這這些內(nèi)容，應(yīng)能較快反應(yīng)出對(duì)應(yīng)的答案。

Section A

News report 1

此篇新聞是關(guān)于一個(gè)從舊金山游到Alktrask島嶼的9歲男孩，首發(fā)于2016年1月美聯(lián)社的報(bào)道。這屬于社會(huì)新聞，是新聞中聽(tīng)懂難度較低的一種。但這篇新聞存在較多地點(diǎn)專(zhuān)有名詞，可能會(huì)對(duì)考生在聽(tīng)力中造成影響。

1. 新聞主旨題。重點(diǎn)聽(tīng)開(kāi)頭前兩句。

2. 新聞細(xì)節(jié)題。

A 9-year-old central California boy braved strong currents and cold water to swim from San Francisco to Alcatraz Island and back. A California television station Enfresno, reported Tuesday that Jim Savage, set a record as the youngest swimmer to make the journey to the former prison. The TV station reported that by completing the swim, the fourth grade student from Losbanios broke a record previously held by a 10-year-old boy. Jim said that waves in the San Francisco Bay hitting him in the face 30 minutes into this swim, made him want to give up. His father said, he had offered his son 100 dollars as a reward. To encourage his struggling son, he doubled it to 200 dollars. James pushed forward, making it to Alcatraz Island and back in a little more than 2 hours. Alcatraz is over a mile from the mainland.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. What did the boy from central California do according to report?

2. What did the father do to encourage his son?

News report 2

這篇新聞講述了大家比較熟悉的事件，關(guān)于我國(guó)將取消晚婚假。內(nèi)容生詞較少，對(duì)于考生聽(tīng)懂的難度應(yīng)該不高。

1. 考察新聞中“原因”要素。由于是此篇新聞的第一題，考點(diǎn)句仍然落在頭兩句。

2. 結(jié)尾處+轉(zhuǎn)折處考點(diǎn)。

On the first January，new regulations were coming to a fact which eliminated an annual leave bonus for people who put off marriage until the age of 23 for women and 25 for men, the South China morning post reports. The holiday bonus was to design to encourage young people to delay getting married, in lines with China’s one-child policy, but with the policy now been abolished, this holiday incentive is no longer necessary.

The government says. In shanghai, the young couple at the registration office told the paper that they decided to register their marriage as soon as possible to take advantage of the existing policy. Because an extra holiday was a big deal for them. In Beijing, one registration office had about 300 couples seeking to get married the day after the changes were announced. Rather than the usual number, often between 70 and 80, but one lawyer tell the paper the changes still have to be adopted by local governments and this procedures take time, so people who are rushing for a marriage can relax.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. What was purpose of the annual leave bonus of China?

4. What do we learn about the new regulations?

New report 3

這篇新聞新西蘭兩個(gè)女傭創(chuàng)業(yè)，專(zhuān)門(mén)負(fù)責(zé)清理家庭聚會(huì)后的殘局。

1. 主旨題。

2. 考點(diǎn)句位于開(kāi)頭處。

3. 結(jié)尾考點(diǎn)。

Everyone loves a good house party, but the cleaning up in the next morning isn’t as enjoyable. Now however, a New Zealand based startup company aims to bring messy homes and even splitting headaches back to normal. The properly named startup Morning After Maids, was launched about 1 month ago in Auckland by room-maids Rebecca Folly and Catherine Ashers. Aside from cleaning up, the two will also cook breakfast and even get coffee and painkillers for recovering merrymakers. Although they are both gainfully employed, they did cleaning jobs into their nights and weekends which is when their service is in most demand anyway.

Besides being flatted with request from across the country, Folly and Ashers have also received request from the US and Canada to provide the services there, they are reportedly meeting with lawyers to see how best to take the business forward,

Question 5—7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. what is the news report mainly about?

6. what is the common problem of the house party?

7. what are Rebecca Folly and Catherin Ashish planning to do?

Long Conversation 1

長(zhǎng)對(duì)話

這篇長(zhǎng)對(duì)話生活類(lèi)題材，話題也是大家非常熟悉的考駕照。是兩人就男生的駕考進(jìn)行對(duì)話，男生是對(duì)話的核心，回答女生的問(wèn)題。

1. 細(xì)節(jié)題。答案在對(duì)話開(kāi)頭處。

2. 細(xì)節(jié)題。

3. 細(xì)節(jié)題。

4. 細(xì)節(jié)題。

W: Carl, how did your driver’s theory exam go? It was yesterday, right?

M: Yes, I’ve prepared as much as I could. But I was so nervous since it was my second trial. The people who worked at the test center were very kind though. We had a little conversation which calmed me down a bit, and that was just what I needed. Then, after the exam, they printed out my result. But I was afraid to open it until I was outside. I was such a relief that I passed.

W: Congratulations! I knew you could do it. I think you underestimated how difficult it would be the first time, didn’t you? I hear a lot of people make that mistake and go in underprepared. But good job in passing the second time. I’m so proud of you. Now, all you have to do next is your road test. Have you had any lessons yet?

M: Yes, thanks. I’m so happy to be actually on the road now. I’ve only had two driving lessons so far, and my instructor is very understanding. So,I’m really enjoying it. I can’t wait for my next session. Although the lessons are rather expensive. 20 pounds an hour, and the instructor says I’ll need above 30—40 lessons in total, that’s what? 6—8 hundred pounds. So, this time, I’ll need to make a lot more effort, and hopefully, I’ll be successful the first time.

W: Well, good luck.

Questions 8—11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. What did the man do yesterday?

9. Why did he fail the exam the first time?

10. What does the man say about his driving lessons?

11. What does the man hope to do next?

Long Conversation 2

這篇對(duì)話是校園場(chǎng)景類(lèi)的對(duì)話，出現(xiàn)了很多往年校園場(chǎng)景類(lèi)對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的詞匯。對(duì)話內(nèi)容是兩個(gè)學(xué)生在討論他們的學(xué)習(xí)和畢業(yè)后的工作。開(kāi)頭題，考點(diǎn)句就在第一輪對(duì)話的問(wèn)句里。細(xì)節(jié)題，這輪對(duì)話是女生提問(wèn)，男生回答，重點(diǎn)聽(tīng)男生說(shuō)話，不難發(fā)現(xiàn) only 所在的句子。細(xì)節(jié)題。和第二題同一輪對(duì)話，所以重點(diǎn)仍然是男生說(shuō)自己，或者女生說(shuō)對(duì)方的內(nèi)容。最后一輪對(duì)話是男生提問(wèn)，所以重點(diǎn)聽(tīng)女生。關(guān)注but轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容。

M: Emma, I’ve got accepted to the university of Leads. Since you’re going to university in England, do you know how much it is for international students to study there?

W: Congratulations. Yes, I believe for international students, you’ll have to pay around 13,000 pounds a year, it’s just a bit more than the local students.

M: OK, that’s about 17,000 dollars for the tuition and fees. Anyway, I’m only going to be there for a year, doing my masters. So it’s pretty good. If I stayed in the U.S., it’d take 2 years, and cost at least 50,000 dollars in tuition alone. Also, I have a good chance of winning a scholarship at Leads, which would be pretty awesome, the benefit of being a music genius.

W: Yeah, I heard you are a talented piano player. So you are doing a post- graduate degree now? I’m still in my last year, graduating next June. Finally, I’ll be done with my studies, and could go on to earning lots of money.

M: Are you still planning on being a teacher? No money at that job then.

W: You’d be surprised, I’m still going to be a teacher. But the plan is to work at an international school overseas, after I get a year or so experience in England. It’s better paid, and I get to travel, which reminds me I’m late for my class, and I’ve got some documents I need to print out first. I’ve got to run.

Questions 12—15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. What does the man want to know?

13. What is the man going to do?

14. What might qualify the man for a scholarship at the leads university?

15. What is the woman planning to do after graduation?

Passage 1

短文第一篇是說(shuō)明介紹性的文章，介紹了螞蟻，著重介紹了對(duì)于人類(lèi)房屋有危害的螞蟻品種。文章主旨題，答案出現(xiàn)在聽(tīng)力開(kāi)篇處。第二題的出現(xiàn)位置較后，需要考生保持耐心。聽(tīng)到“in addition” 的時(shí)候緊張起來(lái)，就能聽(tīng)到答案句最后一道題往往出在結(jié)尾處。反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的信息。

原文：

Scientists have identified thousands of known ants species around the world. And only a few of them bug humans. Most ants live in the woods, or out in nature. There, they keep other creatures in check, distribute seeds, and clean dead and decaying materials from the ground. A very small percentage of ants do harm to humans. But those are incredibly challenging to control. They are small enough to easily slip inside your house. Live in colonies that number in the tens of thousands to the hundreds of thousands, and reproduce quickly. That makes them good at getting in, and hard to kick out. Once they settle in, these insects start affecting your home. In addition to barging ants, other species can cause different kinds of damage. Some, like carpenter ants, can undermine a home structure, while others interfere with the electrical units.

Unfortunately, our homes are very attractive to ants, because it provides everything the colony needs to survive, such as food, water, and shelter. So, how can we prevent ants from getting into our homes? Most important of all, avoid giving ants any access to food, particularly sugary food, because ants have a sweet tooth. We also need to clean up spills as soon as they occur, and store food in air-tight containers. Even garbage attracts ants, so empty your trash as often as possible. And store your outside garbage in a lidded can, while away from doors and windows.

Questions 16—18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

16. What does the passage say about ants?

17. What do we learn from the passage about carpenter ants?

18. What can we do to prevent ants from getting into our homes?

Passage 2

短文第2篇是一篇自述，介紹了“我”在老年保健領(lǐng)域的研究工作。體裁接近下午六級(jí)section C。文章主旨題，答案出現(xiàn)在聽(tīng)力開(kāi)篇處，第一句話直接出答案，在開(kāi)頭走神的考生很容易失去第一道題的答案。細(xì)節(jié)題。細(xì)節(jié)題，和第2 題的位置很接近。但通過(guò)反復(fù)聽(tīng)到的“old” 和”health”，不難找到答案。

原文：

My research focus is on what happens to our immune system as we age. So the job of the immune system is to fight infections. It also protects us from viruses and from autoimmune diseases. We know that as we get older, it's easier for us to get affections. So older adults have more chances of falling ill. This is evidence that our immune system really doesn't function so well when we age. In most of our work, when we were looking at older adults who’ve got an illness, we always have to have health controls. So we work very closely with a great group of volunteers called the One Thousand Elders, these volunteers are all 65 or over, but in good health. They come to the university to provide us with blood samples to be interviewed and to help us to carry out a whole range of research. The real impact of our research is going to be on health in old age. At the moment, we are living much longer. Life expectancy is increasing at 2 years for every decade, that means an extra 5 hours a day. I want to make sure that older adults are still able to enjoy their old age, and that they are not spending time in hospital with infection. Felling unwell and being generally weak we want people to be healthy even when they are old.

Questions 19—21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. What is the focus of the speaker’s research?

20. What are the volunteers are asked to do in the research?

21. What does the speaker say will be the impact of his research?

Passage 3

短文第3篇是記敘文，人物故事題。介紹了一個(gè)老師在小學(xué)教授國(guó)際象棋的事，也介紹了這所小學(xué)的教學(xué)特點(diǎn)。介紹學(xué)校和人物故事是四級(jí)短文出現(xiàn)很多次的類(lèi)型。

1. 第一題答案仍然出現(xiàn)在聽(tīng)力開(kāi)篇處，第一句話直接出答案。

2. 細(xì)節(jié)題。

3. 細(xì)節(jié)題

4. 細(xì)節(jié)題。

When Ted Komada started teaching 14 years ago at Kilip Elementary, he didn’t know how to manage a classroom and was struggling to connect with students, he noticed a couple of days after school that a group of kid would get together to play chess. “I know how to play chess, let me go and show these kids how to do it,” he said. Now, Komada coaches the school’s chess team. The whole program started as a safe place for kids to come after school. And this week, dozens of those students are getting ready to head out to Nashville Tennessee to compete with about 5000 other young people at the Super Nationals of Chess. The competition only happens every four years, and the last time the team went, they won the third place in the nation. Komada says Chess gives him and his students control. The school has the highest number of kids from low-income families. Police frequent the area day and night. As 2 months ago, a young man was shot just down the street. Komada likes to teach his students that they should think about their move before they do it. The lessons proved valuable outside the classroom as well. Many parents see these lessons translate into the real world. Students are more likely to think about their actions and see whether they will lead to trouble.

Questions 22—25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. What did Ted Komada notice one day after he started teaching at Kilip Elementary?

23. What are dozens of students from Komada’s school going to do this week?

24. What do we learn about the students of Kilip Elementary?

25. What have the students learned from Komada?

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on ANSWER SHEET 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Ships are often sunk in order to create underwater reefs (暗礁) perfect for scuba driving (水肺式潛泳) and preserving marine 26 . Turkish authorities have just sunk something a little different than a ship, and it wouldn’t normally ever touch water, an Airbus A300. The hollowed-out A300 was 27 of everything potentially harmful to the environment and sunk off the Aegean coast today/ Not only will the sunken plane 28 the perfect skeleton for artificial reef growth, but authorities hope this new underwater attraction will bring tourist to the area.

The plane 29 a total length of 54 meters, where experienced scuba divers will 30 be able to venture through the cabin and around the plane’s 31 . Aydin Municipality bought the plane from a private company for just under US$100,000,but they hope to see a return on that 32 through the tourism industry. Tourism throughout Turkey is expected to fall this year as the country has been the 33 of several deadly terrorist attacks. As far as sunken planes go,this Airbus A300 is the largest 34 sunk aircraft ever.

Taking a trip underwater and 35 the inside of a sunken A300 would be quite an adventure, and that is exactly what Turkish authorities are hoping this attraction will make people think. Drawing in adventure seekers and experienced divers, this new artificial Airbus reef will be a scuba diver’s paradise(天堂).

A) create B) depressed C) eventually D) Experiences E) exploring F) exterior G) habitats H) innovate

I)intentionally J)investment K)revealing L)stretches

M)stripped N)territory O)victim

答案：26. G 27. M 28. A 29. L 30.C 31.F 32. J 33. O 34. I 35. E

【答案解析】

26. 根據(jù)空格位置，marine此處形容詞，可判斷出26題應(yīng)為名詞。marine的意思是“海生的，海運(yùn)的”固定搭配“marine habitat”海洋棲息地。所以本題答案為“G”habitat“棲息地”。

27. 根據(jù)空格位置，詞性應(yīng)該為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)。本篇文章對(duì)A300持有肯定態(tài)度，所以此句想表達(dá)“A300”對(duì)環(huán)境沒(méi)有任何潛在的壞處，故答案應(yīng)為“M”, “be stripped of”意為“剝奪”。

28. 此題空格前有“will”, 所以此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。選項(xiàng)中動(dòng)詞原形有“A”和“H”, 根據(jù)句意得知，沉沒(méi)的飛機(jī)可以讓人工珊瑚長(zhǎng)的更好。所以本題答案為“A”，create“創(chuàng)造，產(chǎn)生”。

29. 此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形，主語(yǔ)為“plane”，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單三形式。所以答案是“L”,stretches意為“延伸”，此處指“飛機(jī)機(jī)身總長(zhǎng)為54米”。

30. 此處應(yīng)填副詞，用來(lái)修飾后面的“be able to venture”, 答案應(yīng)鎖定在“C”eventually和“L”intentionally。這句話的意思是水肺式潛水者能夠在船艙內(nèi)冒險(xiǎn)。故選項(xiàng)“C”eventually“最終地”，更符合句意。

31. 此處應(yīng)填名詞形式，因?yàn)榭崭袂盀?ldquo;plane’s”。名詞選項(xiàng)有“F”和“N”?？崭裉幥鞍刖涫菚r(shí)候水肺式潛水者能夠在船艙內(nèi)冒險(xiǎn)，所以后半句應(yīng)該為他們也可以在船艙外面冒險(xiǎn)。故答案為“F”exterior“外部，表面”。

32. 因?yàn)榭崭袂盀?ldquo;on that”...所以此處應(yīng)為名詞。本句話的大意是：買(mǎi)這架飛機(jī)花了很多錢(qián)，所以他們希望通過(guò)旅游業(yè)能夠看到自己投資的回報(bào)。所以答案為“J”investment“投資”。

33. 此處應(yīng)填名詞形式?？崭窈蟮膬?nèi)容為“嚴(yán)重的致命恐怖襲擊”，所以空格處應(yīng)為victim“受害者”。故答案為“O”。

34. 此處應(yīng)為副詞形式。因?yàn)楦痹~修飾形容詞“largest”。副詞只剩“I”intentionally有目的性地，故意地，修飾后面sunk, 所以本題答案為“I”。

35. 此題應(yīng)為v.-ing形式，與and前的“taking a trip underwater”保持并列。“E”exploring和“K”revealing都是v.-ing形式。根據(jù)本句句意，“E”exploring“探索”更符合句意。本句話的意思是“水下旅行和探索沉沒(méi)的A300的內(nèi)部都會(huì)是一場(chǎng)冒險(xiǎn)”。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure

[A] As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with (繼續(xù)處理) the emails that have inevitably still piled up.

[B] Why should flying deplete us? We’re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can’t we be tougher, more resilient (有復(fù)原力的) and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.

[C] We often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.

[D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.

[E] And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become workaholics(工作狂). The scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”

[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S. Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.

[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.

[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Gathering your resources to “try hard” requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.

[I] So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.

[J] If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: “Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.

[K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.

[L] In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends—not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.

[M] As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.

36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.

37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.

38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one’s work efficiency.

39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.

40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.

41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.

42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.

43. The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.

44. People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.

45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.

答案：

答案：36.D 37. J 38. L 39. A 40. E 41. K 42. I 43.B 44. G 45. C

36. 答案：D。題干中inadequate recovery替換原文D段中的lack of a recovery。

37. 答案：J。題干中relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is替換原文J段中第二句的the mental or physical resources required。

38. 答案：L。題干中increases one’s work efficiency替換原文L段最后一句中的raises your productivity

39. 答案：A。題干中has a hectic time before taking a flight.替換原文A段第三句中的Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight。

40. 答案：E。題干中Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.替換原文E段第一句的And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering。

41. 答案：K。題干中technology be used to prevent people from overworking替換原文K段第二句中的by using technology to control overworking。

42. 答案：I題干中rest does not equal recovery替換原文I段中最后一句That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing。

43. 答案：B。題干中problem results from a misunderstanding替換原文B段最后一句中的the problem comes from a misconception。

44. 答案：G題干中developed from their upbringing替換原文G段中第一句的often bred from an early age

45. 答案：C題干中People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.替換原文C段第二句中的We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be。

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding…….

Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Question 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Most kids grow up learning they cannot draw on the walls. But it might be time …….. training—this summer, a group of culture addicts, artists and community organization …. New Yorkers to write all over the walls of an old house on Governor’s Island.

The project is called Writing On it All, and it’s a participatory writing project ….. that has happened on Governor’s Island every summer since 2013.

“Most of the participants are people who are just walking by or are on the island…..,or they just kind of happen to be there,” Alexandra Chasin , artistic director…… tells Smithsonian.com.

The 2016 season runs through June 26 and features sessions facilitated by …..to domestic workers . Each session has a theme, and participants are give ….and prompts and asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art. ….range from one that turns the house into a collaborative essay to one……of exile.

…..vernor’s Island is a national historic landmark district long used for ….own as “New York’s shared space for art and play,” the island , …… and Brooklyn in Upper New York Bay ,is closed to cars but open to …for festivals, picnics, adventures, as well as these “legal graffiti(涂鴉)…… notes and art scribbled (涂畫(huà))on the walls are an experiment in self-…… have ranged in age from 2 to 85.Though Chasin says the focus of….activity of writing, rather than the text that ends up getting written, some of the work that comes out of the sessions has stuck with her.

“One of the sessions that moved me the most was state violence on black women and black girls, ”says Chasin, explaining that in one room, people wrote down the names of those killed because of it. “people do beautiful work and leave beautiful messages.”

46. what does the project Writing On It All invite people to do?

A) Unlearn their training in drawing.

B) Participate in a state graffiti show.

C) Cover the walls of an old house with graffiti

D) Exhibit their artistic creation in an old house.

47. what do we learn about the participants in the project?

A) They are just culture addicts. C)They are writers and artists

B) They are graffiti enthusiasts D)They are mostly passers-by

48. What did the project participants do during the 2016 season?

A) They were free to scribble on the walls whatever came to their mind.

B) They expressed their thoughts in graffiti on the theme of each session

C) They learned the techniques of collaborative writing.

D) They were required to cooperate with other creators.

49. What kind of place is Governor’s Island?

A) It is a historic site that attracts tourists and artists

B) It is an area now accessible only to tourist vehicles

C) It is a place in Upper New York Bay formerly used for exiles

D) It is an open area for tourists to enjoy themselves year round.

50. What does Chasin say about the project?

A) It just focused on the sufferings of black females

B) It helped expand the influence of graffiti art.

C) It has started the career of many creative artists.

D) It has created some meaningful artistic works.

【答案】CDBAD

【解析】

46. 選C，替換了原文para1中的to write all over the walls of an old house on Governor’s Island.

A：對(duì)原文1-1細(xì)節(jié)信息的改寫(xiě)重組：原文1-1中的learn被改成unlearn , 再結(jié)合train賀draw兩個(gè)原文復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯，組合成了該干擾選項(xiàng)。

B：對(duì)原文信息的增補(bǔ)，文中未提及這個(gè)活動(dòng)是一場(chǎng)show。學(xué)生易選到該選項(xiàng)是因?yàn)槭艿?-1participatory一詞的干擾。

D：屬于無(wú)中生有，artistic creations 未出現(xiàn)過(guò)

47. 選D，由定位詞participants定位在3-1，D選項(xiàng)對(duì)原文的people who are just walking by 進(jìn)行了改寫(xiě)

A，C，B選項(xiàng)受1-2中信息culture addicts, artists….等的干擾

48. 選B，由定位詞2016season 回到原文para4, B答案是對(duì)4-2Each season has a theme , and participants are given … and prompts and asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art.

A :原文未提及be free to scribble

C：受到4-4中collaborative一詞的干擾，對(duì)原文進(jìn)行了概念的偷換

D：“他們被要求與其他創(chuàng)作者協(xié)同合作”符合常識(shí)，易被學(xué)生搞混

49. 選A，A是對(duì)原文5-1… is a national historic landmark district long used for ….的改寫(xiě)

B：錯(cuò)在only to.. 原文5-4說(shuō)明這個(gè)島嶼還會(huì)對(duì)其他對(duì)象開(kāi)放

C：原文細(xì)節(jié)信息重組，4-5與5-3重組出的錯(cuò)誤信息

D：無(wú)中生有

50. 選D，是對(duì)6-3“people do beautiful work and leave beautiful messages”的改寫(xiě)

A：錯(cuò)在just focused on….原文未提及這點(diǎn)

B：錯(cuò)在help expand the influence of…這個(gè)選項(xiàng)很符合常識(shí)，所以易被選去

C：“它開(kāi)啟了許多創(chuàng)造性藝術(shù)家們的事業(yè)生涯”也是個(gè)符合常識(shí)的選項(xiàng)，易被選去，但原文未提及這點(diǎn)。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage

Online programs to fight depression are already commercially available. While they sound efficient cost-saving, a recent study reports that they are not effective, primarily because depressed patients are not likely to engage with them or stick with them.

The study looked at computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy for depression, helping people challenge negative thoughts and change the way they think in order to change their mood and behaviors. However, online CBT programs have been gaining popularity, with the attraction of providing low-cost help wherever someone has access to a computer.

A team of researchers from the University of York conducted a randomized (隨機(jī)的) control trialwith691 depressed patients from 83 physician practices across the England. The patients were split into three groups: one group received only usual care from a physician while the other two groups received usual care from a physician plus one of two computerized CBT programs. Participants were balanced across the three groups for age, sex, educational background, severity and duration of depression, and use of antidepressants(抗抑郁藥).

After four months, the patients using the computerized CBT programs had no improvement in depression levels over the patients who were only getting usual care from their doctors.

“It’s an important, cautionary note that we shouldn’t get too carried away with the idea that a computer system can replace doctors and therapists,” says Christopher Dowrick, a professor of primary medical care at the University of Liverpool. “We do still need the human touch or the human interaction, particularly when people are depressed.”

Being depressed can mean feeling “lost in your own small, negative, dark world,” Dowrick says. Having a person, instead of a computer, reach out to you is particularly important in combating that sense of isolation. “When you’re emotionally vulnerable, you’re even more need of a caring human beings,” he says.

51. What does the recent study say about online CBT programs?

A) Patients may not be able to carry them through for effective cure.

B) Patients cannot engage with them without the use of a computer.

C) They can save patients trouble visiting physicians.

D) They have been well received by a lot of patients.

52. What has made online CBT programs increasingly popular?

A) Their effectiveness in combating depression.

B) The low efficiency of traditional talk therapy.

C) Their easy and inexpensive access by patients.

D) The recommendation by primary care doctors.

53. What is the major finding by researchers at the University of York?

A) Online CBT programs are no more effective than regular care from……

B) The process of treating depression is often more complicated than a……

C) The combination of traditional CBT and computerized CBT is mos……

D) Depression is a mental condition which is to be treated with extrer……

54……is Professor Dowrick’s advice concerning online CBT programs?

A)They should not be neglected in primary care.

B)Their effectiveness should not be overestimated.

C)They should be used by strictly following instructions

D)Their use should be encouraged by doctors and therapists

55……more important to an emotionally vulnerable person?

A) positive state of mind C)Timely encouragement

B) Appropriate medication D)Human inter……

【答案】ACABD

【解析】

51. What does the recent study say about online CBT programs?

【解析】由題干關(guān)鍵詞“the recent study”和“CBT”定位到第一段第二句第二段第一句。第一段第二句已給出此研究的觀點(diǎn)即“not effective”，原因由“because”引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容“are not likely to engage with them or stick with them”得出，抑郁癥患者不太可能參與并且堅(jiān)持完全程，對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)“Patients may not be able to carry them through for effective cure”。

52. What has made online CBT programs increasingly popular?

【解析】由題干關(guān)鍵詞“CBT”和“increasingly popular”定位第三段最后一句“online CBT programs have been gaining popularity”，受歡迎的因素緊隨其后——“low cost help”“access to a computer”，選項(xiàng)C“Their easier and inexpensive access by patients”是原文的同義替換，故為答案。

53. What is the major finding by researchers at the University of York?

【解析】由題干關(guān)鍵詞“researchers”和“the University of York”定位到第四段。第四段描述的是研究主要內(nèi)容和過(guò)程，而題干問(wèn)的“major finding”在第五段可以找到——“had no improvement in depression levels over the patients who were only getting usual care from their doctors”，將兩種治療方法進(jìn)行對(duì)比，發(fā)現(xiàn)用網(wǎng)絡(luò)CBT療法的病人沒(méi)有得到更有效的改善，所以對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A Online CBT programs are no more effective than regular care from p...。

54. What is Professor Dowrick’s advice concerning online CBT programs?

【解析】由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Professor Dowrick”定位到第六段。第六段的第一句話是Dowrick教授的建議——“we shouldn’t get too carried away with the idea that a computer system can replace doctors and therapists”。教授建議不應(yīng)該過(guò)于沉迷于電腦系統(tǒng)可以替代醫(yī)生和治療老師的觀點(diǎn)，因此對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)“Their effectiveness should be not be overestimated”。

55. What is more important to an emotionally vulnerable person?

【解析】由題干關(guān)鍵詞“emotionally vulnerable person”定位到最后一段最后一句，對(duì)“a caring human being”的需要對(duì)應(yīng)D選項(xiàng)“Human interaction”。

Part IV Translation(30 minutes)

Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

剪紙是中國(guó)民間藝術(shù)的一種獨(dú)特形式，已有2000多年歷史。剪紙很可能源于漢代，繼紙張發(fā)明之后。從此，它在中國(guó)的許多地方得到了普及。剪紙用的材料和工具很簡(jiǎn)單：紙和剪刀。剪紙作品通常是用紅紙做成的，因?yàn)榧t色在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中與幸福相聯(lián)。因此，在婚禮、春節(jié)等喜慶場(chǎng)合，紅顏色的剪紙是門(mén)窗裝飾的首選。

【譯文】Paper cutting, with a history of 2,000 years, is a unique form of Chinese folk arts. It probably originated from Han Dynasty after the invention of the paper. Since then, it has gained popularity in many parts of China. The material and the tool used for paper cutting are very simple: paper and scissors. The paper-cutting artwork is usually made of the red paper, because the color red is connected with happiness in traditional Chinese culture. Therefore, the red paper-cutting is the first option of the door and window decoration in joyous occasion such as weddings and the Spring Festival.

【逐句解析】

(1)剪紙是中國(guó)民間藝術(shù)的一種獨(dú)特形式，已有2000多年歷史。

【解析】考查一主多動(dòng)詞的翻譯技巧：同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)“剪紙”有兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)“是”和“有”，可以將其中一個(gè)動(dòng)詞處理成謂語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞處理成非謂語(yǔ)、介詞或者其他形式?？疾楹笾枚ㄕZ(yǔ)的翻譯技巧。剪紙：paper cutting;民間藝術(shù)：folk art; 獨(dú)特的：unique;形式：form

【參考答案】Paper cutting, with a history of 2,000 years, is a unique form of Chinese folk arts.

或者Paper cutting, a unique form of Chinese folk arts, has a history of 2,000 years.

(2)剪紙很可能源于漢代，繼紙張發(fā)明之后。

【解析】考查一主多動(dòng)詞的翻譯技巧。同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)“剪紙”有“源于”和“(是)繼…”兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，可以將其中一個(gè)動(dòng)詞處理成謂語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞處理成非謂語(yǔ)、介詞或者其他形式。源于：originate from/be date back to等;很可能：probably;漢代：Han Dynasty;發(fā)明：invention(n.)

【參考答案】It probably originated from Han Dynasty after the invention of the paper.

(3)從此，它在中國(guó)的許多地方得到了普及。

【解析】考查狀語(yǔ)的翻譯語(yǔ)序和完成時(shí)態(tài)。從此：since then;得到普及：become universal / gain popularity;在中國(guó)的許多地方：in many parts of China

【參考答案】Since then, it has gained popularity in many parts of China.

(4)剪紙用的材料和工具很簡(jiǎn)單：紙和剪刀。

【解析】考查后置定語(yǔ)的翻譯。主干是“材料和工具都很簡(jiǎn)單”，修飾是“剪紙用的”譯文“used for paper cutting”。材料：material;工具：tool;剪刀：scissors

【參考答案】The material and the tool used for paper cutting are very simple: paper and scissors.

(5)剪紙作品通常是用紅紙做成的，因?yàn)榧t色在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中與幸福相聯(lián)。

【解析】考查被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯：用……做成的 is made of;剪紙作品：paper-cutting artwork;與…相聯(lián)：be associated with / be connected with / be related to; 中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化 Chinese traditional culture

【參考答案】The paper-cutting artwork is usually made of the red paper, because the color red is connected with happiness in Chinese traditional culture.

(6)因此，在婚禮、春節(jié)等喜慶場(chǎng)合，紅顏色的剪紙是門(mén)窗裝飾的首選。

【解析】考查后置定語(yǔ)的翻譯。“門(mén)窗裝飾的首選”譯文“首選 of 門(mén)窗裝飾”?；槎Y：wedding;春節(jié)：the Spring Festival;喜慶場(chǎng)合：joyous occasion;門(mén)窗裝飾：the door and window decoration;首選：first option / choice

【參考答案】Therefore, the red paper-cutting is the first option of the door and window decoration in joyous occasion such as weddings and the Spring Festival.

或者Therefore, people decorate their doors and windows with the red paper-cutting as the first option in joyous occasion such as weddings and the Spring Festival.