2017年職稱英語《綜合類C》概括大意練習八

更新時間：2016-09-12 14:15:03 來源：環(huán)球網校

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摘要　　【摘要】目前備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生在循序漸進的模擬中。環(huán)球網校為考生整理了2017年職稱英語《綜合類C》概括大意練習八，希望備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生都能順利通關，更多資料敬請關注網校職稱英

　　【摘要】目前備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生在循序漸進的模擬中。環(huán)球網校為考生整理了“2017年職稱英語《綜合類C》概括大意練習八”，希望備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生都能順利通關，更多資料敬請關注網校職稱英語考試頻道……

　　相關推薦：2017年職稱英語考試綜合類概括大意練習匯總　

　Washoe Learned American Sign Language .

　　1 An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Wash0e had become known in the scientific community1 and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language2. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate3 about primates and their ability to understand language.

　　2 Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969, the Gardners7 described Washoe's progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand4 about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, "Who is coming to play?" Once5 the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own6 into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.

　　3 However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe's keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners7. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.

　　4 Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believes Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees8. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.

　　5 Debate continues about chimps' understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure -- Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.

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　　A Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This　Research Nowadays

　　B Report about Washoe's Progress in Learning Sign Language

　　C General Information about Washoe

　　D The Gardeners' Contributions Recognized

　　E Debate on Chimps' Intelligence

　　F Washoe's Love for Three Young Chimps

　　5. Washoe could make signs to communicate