2016年職稱英語(yǔ)《理工類》階段練習(xí)(4)

　　下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23—26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為指定段落每段選擇1個(gè)標(biāo)題;(2)第27-30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　回答題:

　　The Science of Sport

　　1. At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record for the 110 metres hurdles (跨欄 ) when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter (短跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員 ) Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to mn as fast.

　　2. Record-breaking in all track events is slowing clown and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless, every four years, records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So what's behind this never-ending improvement in performance? And how long can we keep breaking records? Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds ?

　　3. Most experts agree that it isn't the athletes' bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed, but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete's body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance.

　　4. Scientists have shown that an athlete's body's needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling, for example, are endurance (耐力 ) sports and require a different parathion ( 硝苯硫磷脂 ) to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports, changes in techniques have significantly improved performance.

　　5. But in any sport, a player's success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance. For example, the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match, tennis players are encouraged to use visualization ( 想象 ) techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice.

　　6. But as science begins to dominate sport, are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition, the sporting challenge ? What's more, are all these advantages fair ?

　　23 Paragraph 2__________

　　A.Different sports require different training programs.

　　B.Science may be too important today.

　　C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.

　　D.Athletes are still breaking records.

　　E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.

　　F.Mental training is as important as physical training.

　　參考答案：D

　　參考解析：

　　【解析】第二段講到破紀(jì)錄的比賽越來(lái)越多，我們似乎更接近人類體能的極限，所以選D“運(yùn)動(dòng)員仍舊在破紀(jì)錄”。

　　24 Paragraph 3__________

　　A.Different sports require different training programs.

　　B.Science may be too important today.

　　C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.

　　D.Athletes are still breaking records.

　　E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.

　　F.Mental training is as important as physical training.

　　參考答案：E

　　參考解析：

　　【解析】第三段講到大部分老師認(rèn)為運(yùn)動(dòng)員的身體并未發(fā)生變化，而是科學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)使得運(yùn)動(dòng)員能夠提高自身的表現(xiàn)，所以選E“科學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)有助于提高運(yùn)動(dòng)員的表現(xiàn)”。

　　25 Paragraph 4__________

　　A.Different sports require different training programs.

　　B.Science may be too important today.

　　C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.

　　D.Athletes are still breaking records.

　　E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.

　　F.Mental training is as important as physical training.

　　參考答案：A

　　參考解析：

　　【解析】第四段第一句講到科學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)根據(jù)運(yùn)動(dòng)類型改變運(yùn)動(dòng)員身體的需求，接著講到這項(xiàng)研究已經(jīng)幫助高級(jí)運(yùn)動(dòng)人員適應(yīng)比賽項(xiàng)目，并滿足特殊需要，所以選A“不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)需要不同的訓(xùn)練項(xiàng)目”。

　　26 Paragraph 5__________

　　A.Different sports require different training programs.

　　B.Science may be too important today.

　　C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.

　　D.Athletes are still breaking records.

　　E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.

　　F.Mental training is as important as physical training.

　　參考答案：F

　　參考解析：

　　【解析】第五段講到，無(wú)論在何種運(yùn)動(dòng)中，運(yùn)動(dòng)員的成功或失敗都來(lái)源于體力和精神能力的配合，所以選F“精神培訓(xùn)和體力培訓(xùn)一樣重要”。

　　27 It is more difficult for today's athletes__________

　　A.to avoid psychological techniques.

　　B.to break records

　　C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind

　　D.to time and space

　　E.to be replacing the sporting challenge

　　F.to human performance

　　參考答案：B

　　參考解析：

　　【解析】根據(jù)第二段第一句“Record-breaking in all track events is slowing clown and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance.”可知，本題選B。

　　28 We don't know if there is a limit__________

　　A.to avoid psychological techniques.

　　B.to break records

　　C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind

　　D.to time and space

　　E.to be replacing the sporting challenge

　　F.to human performance

　　參考答案：F

　　參考解析：

　　【解析】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds?”可知，本題選F。

　　29 Research has helped coaches__________

　　A.to avoid psychological techniques.

　　B.to break records

　　C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind

　　D.to time and space

　　E.to be replacing the sporting challenge

　　F.to human performance

　　參考答案：C

　　參考解析：

　　【解析】根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete’s body and mind”可知，本題選C。

　　30 Scientific advances are suspected__________

　　A.to avoid psychological techniques.

　　B.to break records

　　C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind

　　D.to time and space

　　E.to be replacing the sporting challenge

　　F.to human performance

　　參考答案：E

　　參考解析：

　　【解析】根據(jù)第六段第一句“But as science begins to dominate sport，are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition，the sporting challenge?”可知，本題選E。

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