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鍚勭鑷ㄥ簥鍩�(zh铆)妤�(y猫)閱�(y墨)甯€冭│姝峰勾鐪熼蹇呰€冪煡璀�(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)鍖附_鑷ㄥ簥鍩�(zh铆)妤�(y猫)閱�(y墨)甯€冭│閲嶉粸(di菐n)_鍩�(zh铆)妤�(y猫)閱�(y墨)甯€冭│蹇呭倷

鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍￠啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│缍�(w菐ng)鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氬鏋滄偍鍦ㄦ閬庣▼涓亣鍒颁换浣曠枒鍟�锛岃珛(q菒ng)鐧婚寗鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍￠啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│璜栧锛岄毃鏅�(sh铆)鑸囧唬澶ц€冪敓鏈嬪弸鍊戜竴璧蜂氦娴�!

銆€銆€2015骞磋嚚搴婂煼(zh铆)妤�(y猫)閱�(y墨)甯€冭│闋嗗埄绲�(ji茅)鏉�锛�2016骞磋嚚搴婂煼(zh铆)妤�(y猫)閱�(y墨)甯€冭│绛嗚│鏅�(sh铆)闁撻爯(y霉)瑷�(j矛)鐐�2016骞�9鏈�10鏃�銆�11鏃�銆傜偤鏂逛究鍌欒€�2016骞磋嚚搴婂煼(zh铆)妤�(y猫)閱�(y墨)甯€冭│鐨勮€冪敓寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)锛岀挵(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍￠啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│缍�(w菐ng)鏁寸悊2016骞磋嚚搴婂煼(zh铆)妤�(y猫)閱�(y墨)甯€冭│鐢熺墿鍖栧(xu茅)绗竴绔犳杩板京(f霉)缈�(x铆)绛嗚|鐢熺墿鍖栧(xu茅)绛嗚绮鹃伕锛屽笇鏈涘皪(du矛)澶у鍌欒€冩湁骞姪銆�

銆€銆€鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎺ㄨ枽锛�鑷ㄥ簥鍩�(zh铆)妤�(y猫)閱�(y墨)甯€冭│姝峰勾閲嶅京(f霉)鑰冮粸(di菐n)绺界祼(ji茅)澶у叏|鑷ㄥ簥鍩�(zh铆)妤�(y猫)閱�(y墨)甯骞磋€冮粸(di菐n)鍖附

銆€銆€绗洓绡€(ji茅) 鐢熺墿鍒嗗瓙浣庡堡娆＄祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勫悓涓€鎬э紙鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍￠啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│缍�(w菐ng)鏁寸悊2016骞磋嚚搴婂煼(zh铆)妤�(y猫)閱�(y墨)甯€冭│鐢熺墿鍖栧(xu茅)绗竴绔犳杩板京(f霉)缈�(x铆)绛嗚锛�

銆€銆€涓€銆佺⒊鏋舵槸鐢熺墿鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)

銆€銆€纰虫灦鏄敓鐗╁垎瀛愮殑鍩烘湰楠ㄦ灦锛岀敱纰�锛屾矮妲�(g貌u)鎴�銆傜敓鐗╁垎瀛愮⒊鏋剁殑澶у皬绲勬垚涓嶄竴锛屽咕浣曞舰鐙€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍚勭暟锛屽叿鏈夎睈瀵岀殑澶氭ǎ鎬�銆傜敓鐗╁皬鍒嗗瓙鐨勫垎瀛愰噺涓€鑸湪500 浠ヤ笅锛屽寘鎷�2-30鍊�(g猫)纰冲師瀛�銆傜⒊鏋剁祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鏈夌窔褰㈢殑锛屾湁鍒嗘敮褰㈢殑锛屼篃鏈夌挵(hu谩n)褰㈢殑;鏈夐＝鍜岀殑锛屼篃鏈変笉椋藉拰鐨勩€傝畩鍖栧绔殑纰虫灦鑸囩ó椤炴湁闄愮殑瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)锛屽叡鍚岀祫鎴愬舰褰㈣壊鑹茬殑鐢熺墿鍒嗗瓙鐨勪綆灞ゆ绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)--鐢熺墿灏忓垎瀛�銆�

銆€銆€浜�銆佸畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)闄愬畾鍒嗗瓙鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)

銆€銆€(涓€)瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鏄槗鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍩哄湗(tu谩n)

銆€銆€瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鏄敓鐗╁垎瀛愪腑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)姣旇純娲绘綉锛屽鏄撶櫦(f膩)鐢熷寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫師瀛愭垨鍩哄湗(tu谩n)銆傚惈鏈夌浉鍚屽畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)鐨勫垎瀛�锛屽叿鏈夐浼肩殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆傚畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)闄愬畾鐢熺墿鍒嗗瓙鐨勪富瑕佹€ц唱(zh矛)銆傜劧鑰�锛屽湪鏁村€�(g猫)鍒嗗瓙涓�锛屾煇涓€瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)绺借鍙楀埌鍒嗗瓙鍏跺畠閮ㄥ垎闆昏嵎鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍜岀珛楂旀晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫奖闊�銆備换浣曚竴绋垎瀛愮殑鍏烽珨鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛岄兘鏄叾鏁撮珨绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€(浜�)涓昏鐨勫畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)

銆€銆€鐢熺墿鍒嗗瓙涓殑涓昏瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鍜屾湁闂�(gu膩n)鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)閸垫湁:

銆€銆€缇ュ熀(hydroxyl group) 鏈夋サ鎬�锛屼竴鑸笉瑙ｉ洟锛岃兘鑸囬吀鐢熸垚閰�锛屽彲浣滅偤姘嵉渚涢珨銆�

銆€銆€缇板熀(carbonyl group) 鏈夋サ鎬�锛屽彲浣滅偤姘嵉鍙楅珨銆�

銆€銆€缇у熀(carboxyl group) 鏈夋サ鎬�锛岃兘瑙ｉ洟锛屼竴鑸’寮遍吀鎬�銆�

銆€銆€姘ㄥ熀(amino group) 鏈夋サ鎬�锛屽彲绲�(ji茅)鍚堣唱(zh矛)瀛愮敓鎴愰姩闄介洟瀛�銆�

銆€銆€閰拌兒鍩�(amido group) 鐢辩晶鍩鸿垏姘ㄥ熀绺悎鑰屾垚锛屾湁妤垫€�锛屽叾涓殑姘у拰姘兘鍙綔鐐烘矮閸典緵楂斻€傝偨閺堜腑鑱�(li谩n)鎺ユ皑鍩洪吀鐨勯叞鑳洪嵉绋辩偤鑲介嵉銆�

銆€銆€宸板熀(sulfhydryl group) 鏈夋サ鎬�锛屽湪涓€ф浠朵笅涓嶈В闆�銆傛槗姘у寲鎴愪簩纭嵉-S-S銆�

銆€銆€鑳嶅熀(guanidino group) 寮�(qi谩ng)鍫挎€у熀鍦�(tu谩n)锛屽彲绲�(ji茅)鍚堣唱(zh矛)瀛�銆傝儘鍩虹７閰搁嵉鏄珮鑳介嵉銆�

銆€銆€闆欓嵉(double bond) 鐢变竴鍊�(g猫)σ閸靛拰涓€鍊�(g猫)π閸垫(g貌u)鎴�锛屽叾涓�π閸甸嵉鑳藉皬锛岄浕瀛愭祦鍕�(d貌ng)鎬у緢澶�锛屾槗鐧�(f膩)鐢熸サ鍖栨柗瑁傝€岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傞洐閸典笉鑳芥棆杞�(zhu菐n)锛屾湁闋嗗弽鐣版(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�銆傝(gu墨)瀹氱敤"闋�"(cis)琛ㄧず鍏╁€�(g猫)鐩稿悓鎴栫浉杩戠殑鍘熷瓙鎴栧熀鍦�(tu谩n)鍦ㄩ洐閸靛悓鍋�(c猫)鐨勭暟妲�(g貌u)楂�锛岀敤"鍙�"(trans)琛ㄧず鐩稿悓鍘熷瓙浣嶄簬闆欓嵉鍏╁伌(c猫)鐨勭暟妲�(g貌u)楂�銆�

銆€銆€鐒︾７閰搁嵉(pyrophosphate bond) 鐢辩７閰哥府鍚堣€屾垚锛屾槸楂樿兘閸�銆備竴鎽╃埦ATP姘磋В鎴怉DP鍙斁鍑�7.3鍗冨崱鑳介噺锛岃€岃憽钀勭硸-6-纾烽吀鍙湁3.3鍗冨崱銆�

銆€銆€姘ч叝閸�(ester bond)鍜岀～閰嵉(thioester bond) 鍒嗗垾鐢辩晶鍩鸿垏缇ュ熀鍜屽钒鍩虹府姘磋€屾垚銆傜～閰嵉鏄珮鑳介嵉銆�

銆€銆€纾烽吀閰嵉(phosphoester bond) 鐢辩７閰歌垏缇ュ熀绺按鑰屾垚銆傜７閰歌垏鍏╁€�(g猫)缇ュ熀绲�(ji茅)鍚堟檪(sh铆)锛岀ū鐐虹７閰镐簩閰嵉銆傞€欏叐绋嵉涓殑纾烽吀缇ュ熀鍙В闆㈡垚闄伴洟瀛�銆�

銆€銆€鐢熺墿灏忓垎瀛愬ぇ澶氭槸闆欏畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)鎴栧瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鍒嗗瓙锛屽绯栨槸澶氱茎鍩洪啗(閰�)锛屾皑鍩洪吀鏄惈鏈夋皑鍩虹殑缇ч吀銆傚畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)鍦ㄧ⒊閺堜腑鐨勪綅缃拰鍦ㄧ⒊鍘熷瓙鍥涘懆鐨勭┖闁撴帓甯冪殑涓嶅悓锛岄€�(j矛n)涓€姝ヨ睈瀵屼簡鐢熺墿鍒嗗瓙鐨勭暟妲�(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�銆�

銆€銆€涓�銆侀洔鐠�(hu谩n)闆嗙⒊鏋跺拰瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)浜庝竴楂�

銆€銆€(涓€)澶ч儴鍒嗙敓鐗╁垎瀛愬惈鏈夐洔鐠�(hu谩n)

銆€銆€闆滅挵(hu谩n)(heterocycle)鏄⒊鐠�(hu谩n)涓湁涓€鍊�(g猫)鎴栧鍊�(g猫)纰冲師瀛愯姘哀纭瓑闆滃師瀛愬彇浠ｆ墍褰㈡垚鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆傜敱浜庨洔鍘熷瓙鐨勫瓨鍦�锛岄洔鐠�(hu谩n)楂旂郴鏈変簡鐛�(d煤)鐗圭殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆傜敓鐗╁垎瀛愬ぇ澶氭湁闆滅挵(hu谩n)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽姘ㄥ熀閰镐腑鏈夊挭鍞�锛屽惒鍝�;鏍歌嫹閰镐腑鏈夊槯鍟�锛屽槍鍛�锛岀硸绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓湁鍚″杻鍜屽憢鍠�銆�

銆€銆€(浜�)鍒嗛鍛藉悕鍜屽師瀛愭(bi膩o)浣�

銆€銆€1.鍒嗛 鏍规摎(j霉)鎴愮挵(hu谩n)鍘熷瓙鏁�(sh霉)鐩垎鐐轰簲鍏冮洔鐠�(hu谩n)鍜屽叚鍏冮洔鐠�(hu谩n)绛�銆傛牴鎿�(j霉)鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勬暩(sh霉)鐩垎鐐哄柈闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍜岀闆滅挵(hu谩n)銆�

銆€銆€2.鍛藉悕 闆滅挵(hu谩n)鐨勫懡鍚嶆硶鏈夊叐绋�锛屽嵆淇楀悕鑸囩郴绲�(t菕ng)鍚�銆傛垜鍦嬪父鐢ㄥ鏂囦織鍚嶈闊崇敤甯�"鍙�"鏃佺殑婕㈠瓧琛ㄧず銆�

銆€銆€(涓�)甯歌闆滅挵(hu谩n)

銆€銆€浜斿厓闆滅挵(hu谩n):鍛嬪杻锛屽悺鍜�锛屽櫥鍚�锛屽挭鍞戠瓑

銆€銆€鍏厓闆滅挵(hu谩n):鍚″杻锛屽悺鍟�锛屽槯鍟剁瓑

銆€銆€绋犻洔鐠�(hu谩n):鍚插摎锛屽槍鍛ょ瓑

銆€銆€鍥�銆佺暟妲�(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞¤睈瀵屼簡鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勫妯ｆ€�

銆€銆€(涓€)鐢熺墿鍒嗗瓙鏈夊京(f霉)闆滅殑鐣版(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�

銆€銆€鐣版(g貌u)楂�(isomer)鏄師瀛愮祫鎴愮浉鍚岃€岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎴栨(g貌u)鍨嬩笉鍚岀殑鍒嗗瓙銆傜暟妲�(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞″垎椤炲涓�:

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