2003年考研英語翻譯真題解析
相關(guān)鏈接:歷年考研英語翻譯真題解析大匯總
2003年考研英語翻譯真題解析
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and thetranslate the underlines segments into Chinese. Your translation should be writtenclearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Human beings in all times and places think about their world andwonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed ofinsatiable curiosity.(61)Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thussubjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore,it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calmand systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from suchstudies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves andwith all other life forms on this planet Earth.
“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words “anthropos”: “human” and“logos” the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study ofall humankind.
Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry whichseeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly,systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the studyof natural phenomena.
Social science disciplines include geography, economics, politicalscience, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has asubfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.
All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropologyis a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of thecomparative method in analysis.(63)Theemphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-culturalperspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes thisstudy a unique and distinctly important social science.
Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture.Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the greatintellectual achievements of 19th century science.(64)Tylor defined culture as “…that complex whole which includesbelief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habitsacquired by man as a member of society.” This insight, so profound in itssimplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding humanlife. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture islearned. shared, and patterned behavior.
(65)Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of“set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immenseamounts of concrete research and understanding.
精美譯文:
人類無時無地不在探究他們所居住的這個世界,并且驚嘆于他們所處的地方。人類有思想、有創(chuàng)造性,而且具有難以滿足的求知欲。(61)而且,人類還有能力改變自己的生存環(huán)境,從而讓所有其他形態(tài)的生命服從人類自己獨特的想法和想象。因此,運用冷靜和系統(tǒng)的方法對人類的廣泛性與多樣性進行研究,是至關(guān)重要的。我們希望通過這些研究獲得的知識可以促進人與人之間、以及人類與地球上的所有其他物種更加和諧地共存。
“人類學(xué)”一詞起源于希臘語anthropos(人類)和logos(對于…的研究)。顧名思義,人類學(xué)包含了對全人類的研究。
人類學(xué)屬于社會科學(xué)。(62)社會科學(xué)是知識探索的一個分支,它力圖像自然科學(xué)有研究自然現(xiàn)象那樣,用理性的、有序的、系統(tǒng)的和冷靜的方式研究人類及其行為。
社會科學(xué)包括地理學(xué)、經(jīng)濟學(xué)、政治學(xué)、心理學(xué)和社會學(xué)等學(xué)科。社會學(xué)的每一學(xué)科都包含一門與人類學(xué)密切相關(guān)的分支或?qū)I(yè)。
一切社會科學(xué)都以研究人類為核心。人類學(xué)是一門以實地考查為導(dǎo)向的學(xué)科,在研究中需要廣泛地運用比較法。(63)強調(diào)收集第一手資料,加上在分析過去和現(xiàn)在文化形態(tài)時采用跨文化視角,使得這一研究成為一門獨特并且非常重要的社會科學(xué)。
人類學(xué)的研究在很大程度上取決于文化觀念。愛德華•泰勒先生提出的文化概念是十九世紀杰出的理論成就之一。(64)泰勒把文化定義為“…一個復(fù)合整體,它包括人作為社會成員所獲得的主仰、藝術(shù)、道德、法律、風(fēng)俗以及其它能力和習(xí)慣”。這一概念雖然簡潔,但卻含義深刻,它為認識和理解人類生活開創(chuàng)了一條嶄新的道路。泰勒關(guān)于文化的定義暗示出這樣一個概念,即文化是后天習(xí)得的、與他人共享的和形成固定模式的行為。
(65)因此,人類學(xué)中的“文化”概念就像數(shù)學(xué)中“集”的概念一樣,是一個抽象概念。它使大量的具體研究和認識成為可能。
題目解析:
(61)Furthermore, humans have the abilityto modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other lifeforms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:
復(fù)合句61) 狀語Furthermore, // 主句humans // have // the ability 后置定語to /modify the environment // 定語從句in which // they // live,// 結(jié)果狀語thus // subjecting all other life forms to //their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
詞義推敲:
furthermore:而且,此外
modify theenvironment in which they live:改變他們的生存/所居住環(huán)境
modify:to change inform or character; alter 變更,在形式或特征上改變,修改
they:指代“humans”
subjecting allother life forms to 讓所有其它形態(tài)的生命服從……
other life forms =other forms of life 其它形式的生命
peculiar:獨特的,特有的
fancy:imagination,especially of a whimsical or fantastic nature 想象,尤指有異想天開或空想的特性的,喜好
參考譯文:
(而且/另外/并且/更進一步來說/甚至/不僅如此/此外),人類還有能力(改變/改善/改進/改造)自己的生存環(huán)境,從而使所有(其它形態(tài)的生命/其他生命形式/其他生命形態(tài)/其他形式的生命)(服從于/承受/都符合/按照……來改變/將……進行改造/與……一致/適應(yīng))人類自己獨特的想法和想像。
得分重點:定語從句,固定短語
(62)Social science is that branch ofintellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in thesame reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that naturalscientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:
62) 主句Social science // is // that branch of / intellectualenquiry // 定語從句which // seeks to / study // humans andtheir endeavors // 方式狀語in the same reasoned, orderly,systematic, and dispassioned manner // 定語從句that naturalscientists // use // 目的狀語for the study of / naturalphenomena.
詞義推敲:
Social science 社會科學(xué)
intellectualenquiry 知識探究
enquiry = inquiry:探究,探索
seek to:試圖,設(shè)法
humans and theirendeavors 人類及其行為
endeavor:努力
in … manner 以……方式,用……方法
reasoned 理性的
orderly 有序的
dispassioned 冷靜的
natural phenomena 自然現(xiàn)象
參考譯文:
社會科學(xué)是知識探索/探究/探尋的一個分支,它力圖/試圖/致力于/尋求像自然科學(xué)家研究自然現(xiàn)象那樣,用理性的/推理的、有序的/有規(guī)律的/有條理的/有秩序的、系統(tǒng)的和冷靜的/客觀的/不受情緒影響的)(方式/方法)研究人類及其行為。
得分重點:
定語從句
(63)The emphasis on data gatheredfirst-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysisof cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctlyimportant social science.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:
63) 主語The emphasis on / data / 后置定語gatheredfirst-hand, // combined with // a cross-cultural perspective // brought to //the analysis of / cultures / past and present, // 謂語makes// this study // a 前置定語unique and distinctly importantsocial science.
詞義推敲:
The emphasis對……的強調(diào),對……的重視
data gatheredfirst-hand搜集的第一手資料
first-hand:直接地,第一手地
combined with加上
a cross-culturalperspective跨文化視角
參考譯文:
(強調(diào)/注重/重視/對于……重視/對于……強調(diào))(搜集/采集/收集)第一手(資料/數(shù)據(jù)),(加上/結(jié)合/連同)在分析(過去和現(xiàn)在的文化(形態(tài))/古今文化/過去和現(xiàn)在的文化現(xiàn)象)時采用(跨文化/文化交匯/交叉文化)(視角/視點/觀察),使這一研究成為一門(獨特/獨一無二/與眾不同)并且(非常重要的/極為重要的/特別重要的/有特殊重要性的)社會科學(xué)。
得分重點:
多重定語結(jié)構(gòu)
(64)Tylor defined culture as “…thatcomplex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any othercapabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:
64) 主句Tylor // defined culture as // 直接引語"... 引語的主句that complex whole // 定語從句which // includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, / and any othercapabilities / and habits // 后置定語acquired by man // asa member of society."
詞義推敲:
Tylor人名,按照音譯“泰勒”。
defined culture as 將文化定義為
that complex whole 一個復(fù)合體
which:指代“whole”,譯作“它”。
morals 道德
acquire:取得,獲得
man as a member ofsociety 人作為社會成員/作為社會成員的人
參考譯文:
泰勒(把文化定義為/為文化下的定義是/是這樣定義文化的)“……一個(復(fù)合整體/復(fù)合體/綜合體/集合體/統(tǒng)一體/復(fù)雜整體/組合體),(它包括人作為社會成員所獲得的信仰、藝術(shù)、道德、法律、風(fēng)俗以及其它能力和習(xí)慣/它包括(信仰/信念)、藝術(shù)、(道德/倫理)、法律、風(fēng)俗(習(xí)慣)以及人作為社會成員所(獲得/獲取)的其它能力和習(xí)慣)。”
得分重點:
定語從句,后置定語
(65)Thus, the anthropological concept of“culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract conceptwhich makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:
65) 狀語結(jié)構(gòu)Thus, // 主語 多重定語theanthropological concept of / "culture," //插入結(jié)構(gòu) 舉例like // 多重定語the concept of / "set"/ in mathematics, // 謂語is // an abstract concept // 定語從句which // makes 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) // possible // 前置定語immense amounts of / concrete research and understanding.
詞義推敲:
the anthropologicalconcept of "culture," 人類學(xué)的“文化”的概念
the concept of"set" in mathematics 數(shù)學(xué)中“集合”的概念
an abstract concept抽象概念
abstract:consideredapart from concrete existence 抽象的,和真實存在不同的
which:指代“concept”,譯作“它”。
make sth possible 使得……成為可能
which makespossible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding:(它/這種概念)使大量的具體研究和認識(成為可能/有可能進行)
immense amounts ofconcrete research大量的具體研究
參考譯文:
(因此/所以),人類學(xué)中“文化”的(概念/觀念)就像數(shù)學(xué)中“集合”的概念一樣,是一個抽象概念。(它/這種概念)使大量的具體研究和認識(成為可能/有可能進行)。
得分重點:
插入結(jié)構(gòu),定語從句,倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
不想錯過2020考研現(xiàn)場確認時間、準考證打印時間和成績查詢時間,可以 免費預(yù)約短信提醒
環(huán)球網(wǎng)校友情提示:更多2020考研歷年真題、模擬試題,考研英語5500考綱詞匯,大綱解析及備考資料請點擊文章下方“免費下載”按鈕免費下載學(xué)習(xí)。
最新資訊
- 考后發(fā)布:2025年考研數(shù)學(xué)真題答案及解析2024-12-22
- 考后發(fā)布:2025年考研數(shù)學(xué)真題答案及解析2024-12-22
- 2025年考研英語真題發(fā)布!立即查看2024-12-21
- 2025年考研政治多項選擇真題答案已發(fā)布!速來核對2024-12-21
- 2025考研政治真題:分析題考后復(fù)盤(二)2024-12-21
- 2025考研政治真題:分析題考后復(fù)盤(一)2024-12-21
- 考后一起對答案!2025年考研政治真題答案來了2024-12-21
- 【考后復(fù)盤】2025年考研政治考試真題:多項選擇題(二)2024-12-21
- 【考后復(fù)盤】2025年考研政治考試真題:多項選擇題(一)2024-12-21
- 2025年考研政治真題搶先看!持續(xù)更新中2024-12-21