2004年考研英語翻譯真題解析

相關(guān)鏈接：歷年考研英語翻譯真題解析大匯總

2004年考研英語翻譯真題解析

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and thentranslate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should bewritten clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers formany centuries. (61)The Greeksassumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process ofthought, which took root in Europe long beforepeople realized how diverse languages could be.

Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languagesthat were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, FranzBoas Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of Northand South America during the first half of thetwentieth century. (62) We areobliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as thepeoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their nativelanguages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however,who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” language, were notalways so grateful. (63) Thenewly described languages were often so strikingly different from the wellstudied languages of Europe and Southeast Asiathat some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajocould be used by theUSmilitary as a code during World War II to send secret messages.

Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of AmericanIndian languages. (64) Beinginterested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed theidea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitualthought in a society. He reasoned that because the structure of habitualthought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulatecertain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of thatlanguage think along one track and not along another. (65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinismwhich, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and thatthe grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequencesfor the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as theSapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although bothSapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages ,Sapir himself neverexplicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.

精美譯文：

許多世紀(jì)以來哲學(xué)家一直對(duì)語言與思維的關(guān)系頗感興趣。(61)希臘人認(rèn)為，語言結(jié)構(gòu)與思維過程之間存在著某種聯(lián)系。這一觀點(diǎn)在人們尚未認(rèn)識(shí)到語言的千差萬別以前就早已在歐洲扎下了根。直到最近語言學(xué)家才開始認(rèn)真研究與自己的母語截然不同的語言。兩位人類學(xué)家、語言學(xué)家佛朗茨·博厄斯和愛德華·薩皮爾在二十世紀(jì)上半葉描述了北美和南美許多土著語言，在這方面他們堪稱先驅(qū)。(62)我們之所以感激他們(兩位無驅(qū))，是因?yàn)樵诖酥?，這些(土著)語言中有一些已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了，這是由于說這些語言的部族或是消亡了，或是被同化而喪失了自己的本族語言。不過，在該世紀(jì)早期其他語言學(xué)家并不那么熱心處理“異域”語言中的怪異數(shù)據(jù)，因此他們常不被人們所稱道。(63)這些新近被描述的語言與已經(jīng)得到充分研究的歐洲和東南亞地區(qū)的語言往往差別顯著，以至于有些學(xué)者甚至指責(zé)博厄斯和薩皮爾編造了材料。美洲土著語言的確十分特異，納瓦霍語實(shí)際上在二戰(zhàn)中可以被美軍用作密碼發(fā)密碼電報(bào)。

薩皮爾的學(xué)生本杰明·李·沃夫繼續(xù)研究美洲印第安人的語言。(64)沃夫?qū)φZ言與思維的關(guān)系很感興趣，逐漸形成了這樣的觀點(diǎn):在一個(gè)社會(huì)中，語言的結(jié)構(gòu)決定習(xí)慣思維的結(jié)構(gòu)。他論述說，某一特定語言中比較容易形成某些特定概念，但與此有別的其他概念則不易形成，因此該語言的使用者思考問題只會(huì)沿著這一條道而不會(huì)沿著那一條道進(jìn)行。(65)沃夫進(jìn)而相信某種類似語言決定論的觀點(diǎn)，其極端說法是:語言禁錮思維，語言的語法結(jié)構(gòu)能對(duì)一個(gè)社會(huì)的文化產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。后來，這種觀點(diǎn)成為了知名的薩皮爾—沃夫假說，不過這個(gè)術(shù)語有點(diǎn)不妥。雖然薩皮爾和沃夫都強(qiáng)調(diào)各種語言之間的差異性，但薩皮爾自己從來沒有明確地表示過支持語言決定論的觀念。

題目解析：

(61) The Greeks assumed that the structureof language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root inEurope long before people realized how diverselanguages could be.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

(61) 主句The Greeks// assumed // 賓語從句that 從句的主句thestructure of / language // had some connection with // the process of /thought, // 定語從句which // took root in Europe // 時(shí)間狀語從句long before // people // realized //賓語從句howdiverse // languages // could be.

詞義推敲：

The Greeks：希臘人

assume：認(rèn)為，假設(shè)，假定，承擔(dān)

have connectionwith：與……有關(guān)系

the process ofthought思想的過程;思維過程

which：指代前面整句，譯作“這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)”。

took rootin生根;扎根

long before 早在…之前

how diverse 多么的不同;多么的千差萬別

diverse：多種多樣的，不同的

參考譯文：

希臘人(認(rèn)為/以為)，語言結(jié)構(gòu)與思維的過程之間存在著某種聯(lián)系。(這種想法/這一觀點(diǎn))，(早在人們意識(shí)到語言會(huì)有多么千差萬別之前在歐洲就已經(jīng)根深蒂固了/在人們尚未認(rèn)識(shí)到語言的千差萬別以前就早已在歐洲扎下了根)。

得分重點(diǎn)：

賓語從句，定語從句，時(shí)間狀語從句

(62) We are obliged to them because someof these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died outor became assimilated and lost their native languages.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

(62) 主句We // are obliged to // them // 原因狀語從句 because // some of / these languages // have since vanished, // 原因狀語從句as // the peoples // 定語從句who // spoke //them // 并列結(jié)構(gòu)1 died out / or 并列結(jié)構(gòu)2 被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)became assimilated // and lost //their native languages.

詞義推敲：

be obliged to sb. 感激某人

them：指代“Twoanthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers”，譯作“兩位先驅(qū)”或者“他們”。

have since vanished從那以后就消失了，不復(fù)存在了

since 表示 “從此以后”之意

vanish：disappear消失

die out 滅絕

assimilate：吸收，同化

native languages 母語，本民族的語言

參考譯文：

我們之所以(感激/感謝)他們(兩位先驅(qū))，是因?yàn)閺拇艘院?，這些(土著)語言中(的一部分/有一些)(消失/已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在)了，因?yàn)橹v這些語言的人要么滅絕了，要么被同化了，因而喪失了(自己/本族)的語言。

得分重點(diǎn)：

原因狀語從句，定語從句，并列結(jié)構(gòu)，被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

(63)The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the wellstudied languages of Europe and Southeast Asiathat some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

(63) 主句The 前置定語newly described languages // were // 狀語結(jié)構(gòu)often// so strikingly different from // 多重定語the well studiedlanguages / of Europe and Southeast Asia // 結(jié)果狀語從句thatsome scholars // even accused Boas and Sapir of // fabricating // their data.

詞義推敲：

newly described langauges新描述、研究的語言

so ... that … 如此…以至于

strikinglydifferent顯著的不同

striking：顯著的，突出的

the well studiedlanguages經(jīng)過充分研究的各種語言

accused sb. of sth.指責(zé)/譴責(zé)某人作了某事

Boas and Sapir：(人類學(xué)語言學(xué)家)博厄斯和薩培爾，譯作“博厄斯(Boas)和薩培爾(Sapir)”。

fabricating捏造, 偽造, 虛構(gòu)

參考譯文：

這些新近被描述的各種語言與(經(jīng)過/得到)充分研究的歐洲和東南亞的語言(是如此的顯著的不同/往往差別顯著/驚人的差異/很大的不同)，以至于一些學(xué)者甚至指責(zé)(博厄斯/Boas)和(薩培爾/Sapir)(編造/制造/捏造)了(他們的)資料。

得分重點(diǎn)：

結(jié)果狀語從句，固定短語

(64) Being interested in therelationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that thestructure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in asociety.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

(64) 原因狀語Beinginterested in / the relationship of / language and thought, //主句Whorf // developed // the idea // 同位語從句thatthe structure of language // determines // the structure of habitual thought //in a society.

詞義推敲：

being interested in…應(yīng)增加邏輯主語——Whorf，我們可以翻譯為“Whorf對(duì)語思維的關(guān)系很感興趣”

Whorf：人名，譯作“沃爾夫”，或者不譯。

develop與idea搭配，不宜譯作“發(fā)展”，而譯為“形成觀點(diǎn)”

habitual thought 應(yīng)譯作 “習(xí)慣思維”

that：引導(dǎo)同位語從句可以譯作“即”，“那就是”，或者用冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)代替。

the structure ofhabitual thought：習(xí)慣思維結(jié)構(gòu)、模式

參考譯文：

Whorf對(duì)語言與思維的關(guān)系很感興趣，他逐漸形成了這樣一種(觀念/觀點(diǎn))：在一個(gè)社會(huì)里，語言的結(jié)構(gòu)決定了習(xí)慣思維結(jié)構(gòu)。

得分重點(diǎn)：

同位語從句，現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)

(65) Whorf came to believe in a sort oflinguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that languageimprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can producefar-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

(65) 主句Whorf //came to / believe in // a sort of / linguistic determinism //定語從句 從句的主語which, // 插入結(jié)構(gòu)in // its strongest form, // 謂語states //賓語從句 并列結(jié)構(gòu)1 that language // imprisons// the mind, // 并列結(jié)構(gòu)2 and that the grammatical patterns/ in a language // can produce // far-reaching consequences for / the cultureof / a society.

詞義推敲：

come to believe開始相信

come to：開始做，碰巧做

a sort of：一種，某種

linguisticdeterminism語言決定論

linguistic：語言的，語言學(xué)的

determinism：…論，…主義

in its strongestform在其最強(qiáng)烈的形式下，其極端形式

imprison the mind禁錮思維

參考譯文：

Whorf/沃爾夫(逐漸接受/進(jìn)而相信)某種(類似)語言決定論的觀點(diǎn);這種觀點(diǎn)的極端說法是：語言禁錮了思維，語言的語法結(jié)構(gòu)能對(duì)一個(gè)社會(huì)的文化產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

得分重點(diǎn)：

定語從句，賓語從句，插入結(jié)構(gòu)，并列結(jié)構(gòu)

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