銆€銆€銆愭憳瑕併€戠挵(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍＄偤鎮ㄧ櫦(f膩)甯�“2015骞村煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冨斧鑰冭│瑕�(gu墨)鍔冨師鐞嗚€冮粸(di菐n)8”鐨勬柊鑱�锛岀偤鑰冪敓绺界祼(ji茅)2015骞村煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冨斧鍘熺悊鐨勫京(f霉)缈�(x铆)鑰冮粸(di菐n)锛屽皪鑰冪敓鍌欒€冩湁鎵€骞姪锛屽笇鏈涘ぇ瀹惰獚(r猫n)鐪熷(xu茅)缈�(x铆)锛岄爯(y霉)绁濆ぇ瀹惰兘闋嗗埄閫氶亷2015骞村煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冨斧鑰冭│銆�2015骞村煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冨斧鑰冭│瑕�(gu墨)鍔冨師鐞嗚€冮粸(di菐n)8鐨勫叿楂斿収(n猫i)瀹瑰涓嬶細

銆€銆€2015骞村煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冨斧鑰冭│瑕�(gu墨)鍔冨師鐞嗚€冮粸(di菐n)鍖附

銆€銆€涓€銆佸煄閹�(zh猫n)鍖栫殑鍚京

銆€銆€浜哄彛鐨勮仛闆嗗線鍩庡競,

銆€銆€閯�(xi膩ng)鏉戝湴鍗€(q奴)鍚戝煄甯傚湴鍗€(q奴)杞�(zhu菐n)璁�

銆€銆€鍩庡競鍖栧寘鍚簡閯�(xi膩ng)鏉�—鍩庡競涔嬮枔鐨勫洓绋綁(zhu菐n)鍨嬶細

銆€銆€浜哄彛绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勮綁(zhu菐n)鍨嬶紝缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勮綁(zhu菐n)鍨�锛屽湴鍩熺┖闁撶殑杞�(zhu菐n)鍨�锛岀敓娲绘柟寮忕殑杞�(zhu菐n)鍨�

銆€銆€缇庡湅瀛�(xu茅)鑰呭紬閲屽痉鏇�(J.Friedmann)灏囧煄甯傚寲閬庣▼鍗€(q奴)鍒嗙偤鍩庡競鍖栤厾鍜屽煄甯傚寲鈪�銆�

銆€銆€鍩庡競鍖栤厾锛氫汉鍙ｅ拰闈炶静(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)娲诲嫊(d貌ng)鍦ㄨ(gu墨)妯′笉鍚岀殑鍩庡競鐠�(hu谩n)澧冧腑鐨勫湴鍩熼泦涓亷绋嬨€侀潪鍩庡競鍨嬫櫙瑙€杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栫偤鍩庡競鍨嬫櫙瑙€鐨勫湴鍩熸帹閫�(j矛n)閬庣▼銆�(鍙鐨勭墿鍖栫殑)

銆€銆€鍩庡競鍖栤叀锛氬煄甯傛枃鍖�銆佸煄甯傜敓娲绘柟寮忓拰鍍�(ji脿)鍊艰鍦ㄨ静(n贸ng)鏉戠殑鍦板煙鎿�(ku貌)鏁ｉ亷绋�銆�(鎶借薄鐨�)

銆€銆€璜剧憻濮嗘洸绶�

銆€銆€璧锋闅庢

銆€銆€鍔犻€熼殠娈�

銆€銆€绌�(w臎n)瀹氶殠娈�

銆€銆€1銆�1760-1850骞寸偤鍩庡競鍖栧垵濮嬮殠娈�

銆€銆€鍑虹従(xi脿n)浜嗕笘鐣屼笂绗竴鍊�(g猫)鍩庡競鍖栨按骞抽仈(d谩)

銆€銆€鍒�50%浠ヤ笂鐨勫湅瀹�—鑻卞湅銆�

銆€銆€2銆�1851-1950骞�锛岀偤鍩庡競鍖栧眬閮ㄧ櫦(f膩)灞曢殠娈�

銆€銆€3銆�1951—鑷充粖鐐哄煄甯傚寲鏅強闅庢

銆€銆€涓湅鍩庨幃(zh猫n)鍖栫殑鐗归粸(di菐n)锛�

銆€銆€1銆佸緢闀锋檪(sh铆)闁撴槸浠ラ檺鍒跺煄閹�(zh猫n)鍖栧拰鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)妯＄偤鏀跨瓥妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)銆�

銆€銆€2銆佸伐妤�(y猫)鍖栬垏鍩庨幃(zh猫n)鍖栦笉鍚屾銆�

銆€銆€绗洓绡€(ji茅) 鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪殑姒傚康鑸囩壒寰�

銆€銆€鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冩槸“灏嶄竴瀹氭檪(sh铆)鏈熷収(n猫i)鍩庡競鐨勭稉(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鍜岀ぞ鏈冪櫦(f膩)灞曘€佸湡鍦板埄鐢�銆佺┖闁撳竷灞€浠ュ強鍚勯爡(xi脿ng)寤鸿ō(sh猫)鐨勭稖鍚堥儴缃�銆佸叿楂斿畨鎺掑拰瀵�(sh铆)鏂界鐞�銆�”

銆€銆€鏄斂搴滅⒑瀹氬煄閹�(zh猫n)鏈締鐧�(f膩)灞曠洰妯�(bi膩o)锛屾敼鍠勫煄閹�(zh猫n)浜哄眳鐠�(hu谩n)澧�锛岃(di脿o)鎺ч潪杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)銆佺ぞ鏈�銆佹枃鍖�銆佹父鎲╂椿鍕�(d貌ng)楂樺害鑱氶泦鍦板煙鍏�(n猫i)浜哄彛瑕�(gu墨)妯°€佸湡鍦颁娇鐢�銆佽硣婧愮瘈(ji茅)绱勩€佺挵(hu谩n)澧冧繚璀�(h霉)鍜屽悇闋�(xi脿ng)闁嬬櫦(f膩)鑸囧缓瑷�(sh猫)琛岀偤锛屼互鍙婂皪鍩庨幃(zh猫n)鐧�(f膩)灞曢€�(j矛n)琛岀殑缍滃悎鍗�(xi茅)瑾�(di脿o)鍜屽叿楂斿畨鎺�;渚濇硶纰哄畾鐨勫煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冩槸缍(h霉)鍏叡鍒╃泭銆佸(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)銆佺ぞ鏈冨拰鐠�(hu谩n)澧冨崝(xi茅)瑾�(di脿o)鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑鍏叡鏀跨瓥銆�

銆€銆€鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪殑鏍稿績鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細

銆€銆€鍦熷湴浣跨敤鐨勯厤缃�;

銆€銆€鍩庡競绌洪枔鐨勭祫鍚�;

銆€銆€浜ら€氶亱(y霉n)杓哥恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勬灦妲�(g貌u);

銆€銆€鍩庡競鏀跨瓥鐨勮ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鑸囧(sh铆)鏂�

銆€銆€鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪殑鎰忕京?

銆€銆€1銆佸湅瀹跺畯瑙€缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)姊濅欢瑾�(di脿o)鎺х殑鎵嬫;

銆€銆€2銆佷繚闅滅ぞ鏈冨叕鍏卞埄鐩�;

銆€銆€3銆佸崝(xi茅)瑾�(di脿o)绀炬渻鍒╃泭锛岀董璀�(h霉)鍏钩;

銆€銆€4銆佹敼鍠勪汉灞呯挵(hu谩n)澧�銆�

2014骞村煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冨斧鑰冭│鎴愮妇鏌ヨ   
鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冨斧鑰冭│姝峰勾鐪熼鍖附 
2015骞村煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冨斧鍫�(b脿o)鍚嶆檪(sh铆)闁�