新概念雙語(yǔ)：緣何學(xué)者談中國(guó)教育方法在西方無(wú)效

The BBC billed it as a battle between Chinese and British styles of education, and after a month of long study hours and the rapid-fire delivery of maths and science, the British pupils in the "Chinese School" won.

英國(guó)廣播公司對(duì)中國(guó)和英國(guó)的教育模式宣戰(zhàn)。經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)月的長(zhǎng)時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)，高速的數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)知識(shí)輸入后，英國(guó)學(xué)生在“中國(guó)學(xué)校”取勝。

At least, that was the conclusion of the school-based reality show Are Our Kids Tough Enough? Chinese School, which has captured the imagination of chat forums across China for demonstrating Chinese superiority and the ill-discipline of lippy British teenagers and their ambivalent attitudes towards hard work.

至少，這是基于學(xué)校實(shí)際情況產(chǎn)生的結(jié)論，它表明“難道我們的孩子不堅(jiān)強(qiáng)嗎?“中國(guó)的學(xué)校通過(guò)占據(jù)中國(guó)論壇輿論，證明了中國(guó)教育的優(yōu)越性，英國(guó)叛逆青少年的不良紀(jì)律性和他們對(duì)于努力學(xué)習(xí)的矛盾態(tài)度。

Five teachers from China (some already teaching in Britain) were invited to deploy a harsh Chinese regime on a class of 50 students in Bohunt School in Hampshire.

五名來(lái)自中國(guó)的老師(有些已經(jīng)在英國(guó)任教)被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)谛潞辈紶柺睟ohunt學(xué)校由50名學(xué)生組成的班級(jí)中推行嚴(yán)苛的中國(guó)教育管理制度。

The show culminated in a contest to reveal which approach was better, based on exams sat by the "Chinese School" and the rest of Year Nine, and the conclusion that more of the Chinese approach was needed in Britain. The exams were overseen by an academic at the University College London Institute of Education. Behind this programme is a battleground. This is not between Chinese and British education, but what can and can’t be learned from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD) Programme of International Student Assessments (Pisa) and the wisdom of trying to plant features of one model of schooling into a completely different context.

這 場(chǎng)表演以揭示哪種教學(xué)方法更好的測(cè)驗(yàn)結(jié)束，這場(chǎng)測(cè)驗(yàn)由“中國(guó)學(xué)校”命題。結(jié)論表明，英國(guó)需要更多的中國(guó)教育方法�？荚囉蓚惗卮髮W(xué)學(xué)院教育學(xué)院的學(xué)者監(jiān)考。 這是一場(chǎng)沒(méi)有硝煙的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。這場(chǎng)較量無(wú)關(guān)乎中國(guó)和英國(guó)的教育，而是我們能否從經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織的國(guó)際學(xué)生評(píng)估項(xiàng)目中學(xué)到些什么，以及嘗試將一種學(xué)校教育模 式的特征移植入另外一種完全不同的內(nèi)容。

The programme was inspired by Pisa results that suggest students in Shanghai are, on average, three years ahead of their British peers in mathematics. It swallowed the British government and OECD line that such tests are a valid indicator of the health of an educational system; that they test what is important in education for individual students and the wider society (in terms of the skills needed to compete in the global economy); and that practices in Shanghai and other such Pisa leaders can be replicated elsewhere. At best, the outcomes demonstrated that pupils who studied twice as long and focused on preparing for an exam did better in that exam.

該 項(xiàng)目由國(guó)家學(xué)生評(píng)估組織發(fā)起，其結(jié)果顯示，上海學(xué)生在數(shù)學(xué)方面平均要領(lǐng)先其英國(guó)同齡人三年。該結(jié)果被英國(guó)政府接受，國(guó)家學(xué)生評(píng)估組織強(qiáng)調(diào)，這樣的測(cè)試是國(guó) 家教育體系健康性的有效指示器。該測(cè)試旨在檢測(cè)什么在教育中對(duì)于個(gè)體學(xué)生和社會(huì)大眾(就全球經(jīng)濟(jì)所需技能而言)重要。在上海和其他地方的實(shí)踐可以在任何地 方被復(fù)制。除此以外，結(jié)果顯示，那些在學(xué)習(xí)上花費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間并且專(zhuān)注準(zhǔn)備考試的學(xué)生在考試中表現(xiàn)更好。

These conclusions have resulted in not only this TV "experiment", but also a new British policy to import curriculums, textbooks and even teachers from Shanghai, Singapore and Hong Kong.

這些結(jié)論不僅導(dǎo)致了這場(chǎng)電視“實(shí)驗(yàn)”，也促成了英國(guó)從上海，新加坡和中國(guó)香港引進(jìn)課程，教科書(shū)甚至老師的政策。

However, many academics take an alternative view: that the performance of Chinese children is reinforced by the expectations and discipline they are exposed to at home and in society; that high scores on these tests are not the be-all and end-all of education (especially when the results are more complex than often suggested); and that imposing Chinese practices in a British classroom won’t address the challenges facing many schools and might be detrimental to their strengths.

然而，很多學(xué)者卻有不同的看法：中國(guó)孩子的表現(xiàn)是由他們?cè)诩彝ズ蜕鐣?huì)中的期望和紀(jì)律所固化的。高分并不是教育的開(kāi)始和結(jié)束(尤其當(dāng)結(jié)果比平時(shí)所顯示的復(fù)雜的多時(shí))。在英國(guó)課堂中使用中國(guó)教育實(shí)踐并不能解決許多學(xué)校面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，而且可能會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)校的優(yōu)勢(shì)有所威脅。

Indeed, deeper research on the Pisa results shows that ethnic Chinese students perform just as well in these tests whether they are in Shanghai, Australia or Canada, regardless of the methods used to teach them.

事實(shí)上，國(guó)家學(xué)生評(píng)估組織的進(jìn)一步研究結(jié)果顯示，無(wú)論用什么方法，中國(guó)學(xué)生在上海，澳大利亞或者加拿大的測(cè)試成績(jī)一樣優(yōu)秀。

This type of experiment, constructed around crude ethnic stereotypes, is not the way to go about cultural and educational exchange. The TV producers were, first and foremost, seeking drama. The Chinese teachers told Chinese media they had been goaded into enforcing extra-long study hours and the type of drills they would no longer do back home.

這種基于原始民族特性的實(shí)驗(yàn)，并不適用于文化和教育的改變。電視制片商是第一個(gè)從中尋找戲劇性的人。中國(guó)教師向中國(guó)媒體說(shuō)，他們被激勵(lì)延長(zhǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間并且不讓他們回家。

Yang Jun, the science teacher, delivered messages such as "Discipline is really important. Without discipline, you don’t learn", and that "Chinese education is not only teaching subject knowledge. Chinese education is cultivating human beings." Who would disagree with either of those?

科學(xué)教師楊軍傳遞出這樣的信息“你們沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到，在無(wú)紀(jì)律時(shí)的紀(jì)律非常重要，中國(guó)的教育不僅僅是傳授學(xué)科知識(shí)，更是培育人格。”誰(shuí)能夠否認(rèn)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)呢?

The problem in Britain is that the deeper purpose of education is getting lost in the competition with Shanghai, Hong Kong and Singapore in the Pisa league. Britain needs a more profound reflection on what students should be learning and how to achieve that goal, involving the whole community.

在與上海，中國(guó)香港和新加坡的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中，英國(guó)教育[微博]的問(wèn)題是教育深層目標(biāo)的迷失。英國(guó)需要更進(jìn)一步反思，學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)什么，怎樣達(dá)到目標(biāo)，包括整個(gè)社會(huì)。