2016年職稱英語《理工類》階段練習(xí)(7)

　　根據(jù)以下材料回答題：

　　Age Discrimination

　　By the year 2000 nearly half the workforce in Europe are over 40 and yet throughout Europe there is a deep ambivalence ( 猶豫 )-if not outright suspicion-towards the capabilities of older workers.

　　Those over the age of 40 generally take longer to find new employment, but European governments have done little to protect their employment rights. Only Germany, with incentives to business to encourage the employment of older people, and France, with the introduction of legislation making it illegal to use age barriers in recruitment-or to make employees redundant because of their age done anything substantive to combat age discrimination.

　　Yet even in these two countries, there has been no noticeable improvement in the lot of the older workers; indeed, in France, job advertisements flout ( 輕視，反對 ) the law openly by asking for applicants of a certain age. So, should France and Germany be tightening up their laws and should the rest of Europe follow suit?

　　Bill Robbins, a careers consultant said, "Legislation against age discrimination has been in existence for well over ten year in the U.S. and Canada, but has had no effect. Employers will always be able to find some reasons for turning down an older applicant without appearing to break the law."

　　Ironically, it was governments which played a leading role in hardening business culture against older workers in the first place. In the late 1970s, many European countries were extremely concerned about the levels of youth unemployment, and France, Germany and Belgium even initiated incentive schemes for businesses to encourage older employees to take early retirement provided that younger trainees were taken on in their place. As more and more employees took early retirement, often willingly, a new, youth-oriented culture permeated business throughout most of Europe-even in those countries that had taken no active measures to promote it.

　　Demographic ( 人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的 ) trends mean that governments are now anxious to slow down the policy of early retirement as they realize that they simply do not have the funds to meet their pension promises. But reversing business attitudes is no easy matter. Dianah Worman a policy adviser said, "There is a widely held belief that older people are less, adaptable and trainable. This is just not true: research has shown that differences in capability are as wide within age groups as they are between them."

　　41

　　Which of the following words can best describe the European attitude to older workers?

　　A.Dislike.

　　B.Disapproval.

　　C.Distrust.

　　D.Disappointment.

　　參考答案：C

　　參考解析：

　　【解析】從文章第一段可以看出歐洲人對年齡較大的工作者存在著不信任的態(tài)度，suspicion(懷疑)即是distrust(不信任)。

　　第41題 筆記記錄我的筆記(0) | 精選筆記(0)

　　42 France, U.S. and Canada have all taken which of the following steps to discourage age discrimination?

　　A.Encourage businesses to employ older people by offering rewards.

　　B.Make age discrimination in respect of employment illegal.

　　C.Enforce age discrimination laws strictly.

　　D.Refuse to employ younger workers.

　　參考答案：B

　　參考解析：

　　【解析】文章第二段說法國的做法是通過立法，第四段說美國和加拿大反對年齡歧視的立法已經(jīng)有十幾年了，因此可見就業(yè)方面年齡歧視非法化是這三個(gè)國家的共同做法。

　　43 This passage is aimed to__________

　　A.create more job opportunities for older workers

　　B.tell older workers how to solve their problems

　　C.call for European governments' concern about older workers' problem

　　D.reveal the importance of legislation against age discrimination

　　參考答案：C

　　參考解析：

　　【解析】文章第一段和第二段第一句話都明確指出年齡大的人在求職時(shí)面臨的問題，但歐洲各國并沒有努力去保障他們的就業(yè)權(quán)利，由此可見文章是在呼吁各國政府關(guān)注這一問題。

　　44 What did governments do to discourage the employment of older workers in the 1970s?

　　A.Offer early retirement to all employees.

　　B.Set specific age limits for employment.

　　C.Only employ younger trainees.

　　D.Offer incentives to businesses to take on younger employees.

　　參考答案：D

　　參考解析：

　　【解析】文章第五段第二句話說：20世紀(jì)70年代末，很多歐洲國家特別關(guān)心年輕人就業(yè)問題，法國，德國和比利時(shí)甚至著手鼓勵(lì)老員工過提早退休的計(jì)劃，這樣就可以雇傭年輕人工作。由此可知，政府鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)雇傭年輕的員工，所以選D。

　　45 Which of the following statements is NOT the cause, for older workers' problem in employment?

　　A.Older people's inability to adapt to new methods.

　　B.Lack of protection offered by European governments.

　　C.Advertisements specifying a desired age for applicants.

　　D.Popular beliefs and attitudes favoring younger workers.

　　參考答案：A

　　參考解析：

　　【解析】根據(jù)文章最后兩句說：認(rèn)為年齡大的人適應(yīng)性差、不好培訓(xùn)的普遍看法是不正確的，研究已經(jīng)表明同年齡組的人的能力差異和不同年齡組之間的人的差異是一樣大的，即能力是不該按年齡來劃分的。因此選項(xiàng)A提到的并不是事實(shí)。B在第二段首句提到;C在文章第三段第一句提到;D在第四段和第五段提到。

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