2020考研英語(yǔ)翻譯小技巧：定語(yǔ)從句的譯法

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2020考研英語(yǔ)翻譯小技巧：定語(yǔ)從句的譯法

(1) that型

1. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic trail that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits.

更加令人擔(dān)憂的是，使用電子支付方式會(huì)留下電子痕跡，這些痕跡包含大量個(gè)人購(gòu)買習(xí)慣的數(shù)據(jù)。

2. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.

這些勞動(dòng)者是諸如英國(guó)、加拿大以及澳大利亞等國(guó)試圖通過(guò)移民規(guī)則來(lái)吸引的人才，這些國(guó)家的移民規(guī)則給大學(xué)畢業(yè)生以優(yōu)待。

3. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.

這一體系容易忽視并最終消滅很多缺乏商業(yè)價(jià)值的物種，然而這些物種對(duì)于整個(gè)生物群落的健康運(yùn)行是至關(guān)重要的。

4. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.

這種困境將是確定無(wú)疑的，因?yàn)槟茉吹膮T乏，高能量消耗這種美國(guó)耕作方式很難在農(nóng)業(yè)中繼續(xù)下去，而這種耕作方式使投入少數(shù)農(nóng)民就可獲得高產(chǎn)成為可能。

5. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invited you to think that animals should be treated either with consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.

這在一開始就將問(wèn)題引向極端，它讓人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該這樣對(duì)待動(dòng)物：要么象對(duì)待人類自身那樣去關(guān)懷，要么完全冷漠無(wú)情。

(2) which型

1. Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture”, like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.

因此，人類學(xué)中的“文化”就象數(shù)學(xué)中的“集”一樣，是一個(gè)抽象概念，這種抽象概念使大量的具體研究和認(rèn)識(shí)成為可能。

2. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start.

西弗吉尼亞州的民主黨參議院羅伯特•比爾德提議向私營(yíng)產(chǎn)業(yè)提供財(cái)政刺激，這一提案是一個(gè)有希望的開端。

3. Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, …

而且，人類還有能力改變自己的生存環(huán)境，…

4. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter, we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison.

現(xiàn)在，既然對(duì)智力的評(píng)估是比較性的，那么，在對(duì)我們的對(duì)象進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，所采用的尺度就應(yīng)當(dāng)是“有效的”或“公平的”。

(3) who, whom, whose型

1. I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems.

我將其定義為這樣一個(gè)人：他以蘇格拉底的方式來(lái)思考道德問(wèn)題，并將此當(dāng)作人生的主要責(zé)任和樂(lè)趣。

2. On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.

在另一層面上，許多醫(yī)學(xué)界人士承認(rèn)，關(guān)于輔助自殺的爭(zhēng)論的升溫的部分原因在于病人的絕望情緒，對(duì)這些病人來(lái)說(shuō)，現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)事實(shí)上延長(zhǎng)了臨終前身體的痛苦。

3. “It was a really bad move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictable, into a lack of sales.

寧說(shuō)：“因?yàn)檫@個(gè)工作不是我的興趣所在，所以這的確是糟糕的一步。”結(jié)果可想而知，他的這一矛盾心理導(dǎo)致他的銷售業(yè)績(jī)不佳。

4. Realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen.

現(xiàn)實(shí)的樂(lè)觀主義者是那些把發(fā)生的事情做到最好的人。

5. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.

加入公司想在困難時(shí)期留住獨(dú)立董事，就必須提供經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵(lì)。

(4) where型

1. Most of the prospective graduate students wish to enter a satisfactory university where they can not only find exciting life but also improve themselves on academics works.

大部分研究生考試希望進(jìn)入一個(gè)令人滿意的學(xué)校，這個(gè)學(xué)校不但有激動(dòng)人心的生活，還能使自己的學(xué)術(shù)能力得到提升。

2. Some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn’t have changed anything.

一些法庭開始支持被告方，尤其是在那些警告標(biāo)簽也無(wú)濟(jì)于事的案件中。

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