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2.閰寲浣滅敤 鍠硸鍙互鐪嬩綔澶氬厓閱�锛屽彲鑸囬吀浣滅敤鐢熸垚閰�銆傜敓鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)涓婅純閲嶈鐨勭硸閰槸纾烽吀閰�锛屼粬鍊戞槸绯栦唬璎濈殑涓枔鐢�(ch菐n)鐗�銆�

3.鍫跨殑浣滅敤 閱囩茎鍩哄彲瑙ｉ洟锛屾槸寮遍吀銆傚柈绯栫殑瑙ｉ洟甯告暩(sh霉)鍦�1013宸﹀彸銆傚湪寮卞牽浣滅敤涓嬶紝钁¤悇绯�銆佹灉绯栧拰鐢橀湶绯栦笁鑰呭彲閫氶亷鐑唶寮忚€岀浉浜掕綁(zhu菐n)鍖�锛岀ū鐐虹儻閱囧寲浣滅敤銆傚湪楂斿収(n猫i)閰剁殑浣滅敤涓嬩篃鑳介€茶椤炰技鐨勮綁(zhu菐n)鍖�銆傚柈绯栧湪寮峰牽婧舵恫涓緢涓嶇┅(w臎n)瀹�锛屽垎瑙ｆ垚鍚勭ó涓嶅悓鐨勭墿璩�(zh矛)銆�

4.褰㈡垚绯栬嫹(glycoside) 鍠硸鐨勫崐绺啗缇ュ熀寰堝鏄撹垏閱囨垨閰氱殑缇ュ熀鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽け姘磋€屽舰鎴愮府閱涘紡琛嶇敓鐗�锛岀ū绯栬嫹銆傞潪绯栭儴鍒嗗彨閰嶇硸楂旓紝濡傞厤绯栭珨涔熸槸鍠硸锛屽氨褰㈡垚浜岀硸锛屼篃鍙洐绯�銆傜硸鑻锋湁α銆�β鍏╃ó褰㈠紡銆傛牳绯栧拰鑴哀鏍哥硸鑸囧槍鍛ゆ垨鍢у暥鍫垮舰鎴愮殑绯栬嫹绋辨牳鑻锋垨鑴哀鏍歌嫹锛屽湪鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)涓婂叿鏈夐噸瑕佹剰缇�銆�α-鑸�β-鐢插熀钁¤悇绯栬嫹鏄渶绨″柈鐨勭硸鑻枫€傚ぉ鐒跺瓨鍦ㄧ殑绯栬嫹澶氱偤β-鍨�銆傝嫹鑸囩硸鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)瀹屽叏涓嶅悓銆傝嫹鏄府閱�锛岀硸鏄崐绺啗銆傚崐绺啗寰堝鏄撹畩鎴愰啗寮�锛屽洜姝ょ硸鍙’绀洪啗鐨勫绋弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傝嫹闇€姘磋В鍚庢墠鑳藉垎瑙ｇ偤绯栧拰閰嶇硸楂�銆傛墍浠ヨ嫹姣旇純绌�(w臎n)瀹�锛屼笉鑸囪嫰鑲肩櫦(f膩)鐢熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屼笉鏄撹姘у寲锛屼篃鐒¤畩鏃嬬従(xi脿n)璞�銆傜硸鑻峰皪鍫跨┅(w臎n)瀹氾紝閬囬吀鏄撴按瑙�銆�

5.绯栫殑姘у寲浣滅敤 鍠硸鍚湁娓搁洟缇ュ熀锛屽洜姝ゅ叿鏈夐倓鍘熻兘鍔涖€傛煇浜涘急姘у寲鍔�(濡傞妳鐨勬哀鍖栫墿鐨勫牽鎬ф憾娑�)鑸囧柈绯栦綔鐢ㄦ檪锛屽柈绯栫殑缇板熀琚哀鍖�锛岃€屾哀鍖栭妳琚倓鍘熸垚姘у寲浜為妳銆傛脯瀹氭哀鍖栦簽閵呯殑鐢熸垚閲�锛屽嵆鍙脯瀹氭憾娑蹭腑鐨勭硸鍚噺銆傚椹楀甯哥敤鐨勮不鏋�(Fehling)瑭﹀姂灏辨槸姘у寲閵呯殑鍫挎€ф憾娑�銆侭enedict瑭﹀姂鏄叾鏀归€插瀷锛岀敤妾告閰镐綔绲�(lu貌)鍚堝姂锛屽牽鎬у急锛屽共鎿惧皯锛岄潏鏁忓害楂樸€�

闄ょ景鍩哄锛屽柈绯栧垎瀛愪腑鐨勭茎鍩轰篃鑳借姘у寲銆傚湪涓嶅悓鐨勬浠朵笅锛屽彲鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熶笉鍚岀殑姘у寲鐢�(ch菐n)鐗�銆傞啗绯栧彲鐢ㄤ笁绋柟寮忔哀鍖栨垚鐩稿悓鍘熷瓙鏁�(sh霉)鐨勯吀锛�(1)鍦ㄥ急姘у寲鍔戯紝濡傛捍姘翠綔鐢ㄤ笅褰㈡垚鐩告噳(y墨ng)鐨勭硸閰�;(2)鍦ㄨ純寮风殑姘у寲鍔�锛屽纭濋吀浣滅敤涓嬶紝闄ら啗鍩鸿姘у寲澶�锛屼集閱囧熀涔熻姘у寲鎴愮晶鍩猴紝鐢熸垚钁¤悇绯栦簩閰�;(3)鏈夋檪鍙湁浼唶鍩鸿姘у寲鎴愮晶鍩�锛屽舰鎴愮硸閱涢吀銆傞叜绯栧皪婧寸殑姘у寲浣滅敤鐒″奖闊�锛屽洜姝ゅ彲灏囬叜绯栬垏閱涚硸鍒嗛枊銆傚湪寮锋哀鍖栧姂浣滅敤涓�锛岄叜绯栧皣鍦ㄧ景鍩鸿檿鏂疯锛屽舰鎴愬叐鍊嬮吀銆�

6.閭勫師浣滅敤 鍠硸鏈夋父闆㈢景鍩�锛屾墍浠ユ槗琚倓鍘熴€傚湪閳夋睘榻婂強纭兼矮鍖栭垑椤為倓鍘熷姂浣滅敤涓�锛岄啗绯栭倓鍘熸垚绯栭唶锛岄叜绯栭倓鍘熸垚鍏╁€嬪悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鐨勭茎鍩洪唶銆傚钁¤悇绯栭倓鍘熷悗鐢熸垚灞辨ⅷ閱�銆�

7.绯�?鐨勭敓鎴� 鍠硸鍏锋湁鑷敱缇板熀锛岃兘鑸�3鍒嗗瓙鑻偧浣滅敤鐢熸垚绯栨矙銆傚弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝ラ锛氶鍏堜竴鍒嗗瓙钁¤悇绯栬垏涓€鍒嗗瓙鑻偧绺悎鐢熸垚鑻厵锛岀劧鍚庤憽钀勭硸鑻厵鍐嶈涓€鍒嗗瓙鑻偧姘у寲鎴愯憽钀勭硸閰嫰鑵�锛屾渶鍚庡啀鑸囧彟涓€鍊嬭嫰鑲煎垎瀛愮府鍚堬紝鐢熸垚钁¤悇绯栨矙銆傜硸娌欐槸榛冭壊绲�(ji茅)鏅讹紝闆ｆ憾浜庢按銆傚悇绋硸鐢熸垚鐨勭硸娌欏舰鐙€鑸囩啍榛為兘涓嶅悓锛屽洜姝ゅ父鐢ㄧ硸娌欑殑鐢熸垚渚嗛憭瀹氬悇绋笉鍚岀殑绯�銆�

8.绯栫殑閼掑垾(閲嶈)

(1) 閼掑垾绯栬垏闈炵硸锛歁olisch瑭﹀姂锛�α-钀橀厷锛岀敓鎴愮传绱呰壊銆備笝閰�銆佺敳閰搞€佷钩閰哥瓑骞叉摼瑭插弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傝┎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)寰堥潏鏁忥紝婵剧礄灞戜篃鏈冮€犳垚鍋囬櫧鎬�銆�

钂介叜(10-閰�-9锛�10-浜屾矮钂�)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐢熸垚钘嶇稜鑹诧紝鍦�620nm鏈夊惛鏀�锛屽父鐢ㄤ簬娓附绯栵紝鑹叉皑閰镐娇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)涓嶇┅(w臎n)瀹�銆�

(2)閼掑垾閰硸鑸囬啗绯栵細鐢⊿eliwanoff 瑭﹀姂(闁撹嫰浜岄厷)锛岄叜绯栧湪20-30绉掑収(n猫i)鐢熸垚楫磪鑹�锛岄啗绯栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鎱�锛岄鑹叉泛锛屽鍔犳績搴︽垨闀锋檪闁撶叜娌告墠鏈夎純寮辩殑绱呰壊銆備絾钄楃硸瀹规槗姘磋В锛岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熼鑹�銆�

(3)閼掑畾鎴婄硸锛欱ial 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岀敤鐢插熀闁撹嫰浜岄厷(鍦拌。閰�)鑸囬惖鐢熸垚娣辫棈鑹叉矇娣€(鎴栭缍犺壊锛�670nm)锛屽彲婧朵簬姝ｄ竵閱�銆傚繁绯栫敓鎴愮伆缍犳垨妫曡壊娌夋穩锛屼笉婧躲€�

(4)鍠硸閼掑畾锛欱arford 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽井閰告浠朵笅鑸囬妳鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽柈绯栭倓鍘熷揩锛屽湪3鍒嗛悩鍏�(n猫i)椤壊锛岃€屽绯栬鍦�20鍒嗛悩浠ヤ笂銆傛ǎ鍝佹按瑙ｃ€佹績搴﹂亷澶ч兘鏈冮€犳垚骞叉摼锛孨aCl涔熸湁骞叉摼銆�

鍥�銆侀噸瑕佸柈绯�

(涓€)涓欑硸

閲嶈鐨勪笝绯栨湁D-鐢樻补閱涘拰浜岀茎涓欓叜锛屽畠鍊戠殑纾烽吀閰槸绯栦唬璎濈殑閲嶈涓枔鐢�(ch菐n)鐗�銆�

(浜�)涓佺硸

鑷劧鐣屽父瑕嬬殑涓佺硸鏈塂-璧よ槡绯栧拰D-璧よ槡閰硸銆傚畠鍊戠殑纾烽吀閰篃鏄硸浠ｈ瑵鐨勪腑闁撶敘(ch菐n)鐗�銆�

(涓�)鎴婄硸

鑷劧鐣屽瓨鍦ㄧ殑鎴婇啗绯栦富瑕佹湁D-鏍哥硸銆丏-2-鑴哀鏍哥硸銆丏-鏈ㄧ硸鍜孡-闃挎媺浼硸銆傚畠鍊戝ぇ澶氫互澶氳仛鎴婄硸鎴栦互绯栬嫹鐨勫舰寮忓瓨鍦ㄣ€傛垔閰硸鏈塂-鏍搁叜绯栧拰D-鏈ㄩ叜绯�锛屽潎鏄硸浠ｈ瑵鐨勪腑闁撶敘(ch菐n)鐗�銆�

1.D-鏍哥硸(ribose) D-鏍哥硸鏄墍鏈夋椿绱拌優鐨勬櫘閬嶆垚鍒嗕箣涓€锛屽畠鏄牳绯栨牳閰哥殑閲嶈绲勬垚鎴愬垎銆傚湪鏍歌嫹閰镐腑锛屾牳绯栦互鍏堕啗鍩鸿垏鍢屽懁鎴栧槯鍟剁殑姘師瀛愮祼(ji茅)鍚�锛岃€屽叾2銆�3銆�5浣嶇殑缇ュ熀鍙垏纾烽吀閫ｆ帴銆傛牳绯栧湪琛嶇敓鐗╀腑绺戒互鍛嬪杻绯栧舰寮忓嚭鐝�(xi脿n)銆傚畠鐨勮鐢熺墿鏍搁唶鏄煇浜涚董鐢熺礌(B2)鍜岃紨閰剁殑绲勬垚鎴愬垎銆侱-鏍哥硸鐨勬瘮鏃嬫槸-23.7°銆�

绱拌優鏍镐腑閭勬湁D-2-鑴哀鏍哥硸锛屽畠鏄疍NA鐨勭祫鍒嗕箣涓€銆傚畠鍜屾牳绯栦竴妯�锛屼互閱涘熀鑸囧惈姘牽鍩虹祼(ji茅)鍚堬紝浣嗗洜2浣嶈劔姘�锛屽彧鑳戒互3锛�5浣嶇殑缇ュ熀鑸囩７閰哥祼(ji茅)鍚堛€侱-2-鑴哀鏍哥硸鐨勬瘮鏃嬫槸-60°銆�

2.L-闃挎媺浼硸 闃挎媺浼硸鍦ㄩ珮绛夋鐗╅珨鍏�(n猫i)浠ョ祼(ji茅)鍚堢媭鎱�(t脿i)瀛樺湪銆傚畠涓€鑸祼(ji茅)鍚堟垚鍗婄簴缍礌銆佹ü鑶犲強闃挎媺浼ü鑶犵瓑銆傛渶鍒濇槸鍦ㄦ鐗╃敘(ch菐n)鍝佷腑鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鐨�銆傜啍榛�160鈩�,姣旀棆+104.5°銆傞叺姣嶄笉鑳戒娇鍏剁櫦(f膩)閰点€�

3.鏈ㄧ硸 鏈ㄧ硸鍦ㄦ鐗╀腑鍒嗗竷寰堝唬锛屼互绲�(ji茅)鍚堢媭鎱�(t脿i)鐨勬湪鑱氱硸瀛樺湪浜庡崐绾栫董绱犱腑銆傛湪鏉愪腑鐨勬湪鑱氱硸閬�30%浠ヤ笂銆傞櫢鐢熸鐗╁緢灏戞湁绱旂殑鏈ㄨ仛绯栵紝甯稿惈鏈夊皯閲忓叾浠栫殑绯栥€傚嫊鐗╃祫绻斾腑涔熺櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗘湪绯栫殑鎴愬垎銆傜啍榛�143鈩�,姣旀棆+18.8°銆傞叺姣嶄笉鑳戒娇鍏剁櫦(f膩)閰�銆�

(鍥�)宸辩硸

閲嶈鐨勫繁閱涚硸鏈塂-钁¤悇绯�銆丏-鐢橀湶绯栥€丏-鍗婁钩绯�锛岄噸瑕佺殑宸遍叜绯栨湁D-鏋滅硸銆丏-灞辨ⅷ绯栥€�

1.钁¤悇绯�(glucose,Glc) 钁¤悇绯栨槸鐢熺墿鐣屽垎甯冩渶寤ｆ硾鏈€璞愬瘜鐨勫柈绯�锛屽浠-鍨嬪瓨鍦�銆傚畠鏄汉楂斿収(n猫i)鏈€涓昏鐨勫柈绯栵紝鏄硸浠ｈ瑵鐨勪腑蹇冪墿璩�(zh矛)銆傚湪缍犺壊妞嶇墿鐨勭ó瀛�銆佹灉瀵﹀強铚傝湝涓湁娓搁洟鐨勮憽钀勭硸锛岃敆绯栫敱D-钁¤悇绯栬垏D-鏋滅硸绲�(ji茅)鍚堣€屾垚锛岀硸鍘熴€佹穩绮夊拰绾栫董绱犵瓑澶氱硸涔熸槸鐢辫憽钀勭硸鑱氬悎鑰屾垚鐨�銆傚湪瑷卞闆滆仛绯栦腑涔熷惈鏈夎憽钀勭硸銆�

D-钁¤悇绯栫殑姣旀棆鍏夊害鐐�+52.5搴�锛屽憟鐗囩媭绲�(ji茅)鏅�銆傞叺姣嶅彲浣垮叾鐧�(f膩)閰�銆�

2.鏋滅硸(fructose,Fru) 妞嶇墿鐨勮湝鑵�銆佹按鏋滃強铚傝湝涓瓨鍦ㄥぇ閲忔灉绯栥€傚畠鏄柈绯栦腑鏈€鐢滅殑绯栭锛屾瘮鏃嬪厜搴︾偤-92.4搴︼紝鍛堥嚌鐙€绲�(ji茅)鏅�銆�42%鏋滆憽绯栨伎鐨勭敎搴﹁垏钄楃硸鐩稿悓(40鈩�)锛屽湪5鈩冩檪鐢滃害鐐�143锛岄仼浜庡埗浣滃喎椋�銆傞鐢ㄦ灉绯栧悗琛€绯栦笉鏄撳崌楂�锛屼笖鏈夋粙娼よ倢鑶氫綔鐢�銆傛父闆㈢殑鏋滅硸鐐�β-鍚″杻鏋滅硸锛岀祼(ji茅)鍚堢媭鎱�(t脿i)鍛�β-鍛嬪杻鏋滅硸銆傞叺姣嶅彲浣垮叾鐧�(f膩)閰�銆�

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