2009年考研英語(yǔ)一翻譯真題解析

相關(guān)鏈接：歷年考研英語(yǔ)翻譯真題解析大匯總

2009年考研英語(yǔ)一翻譯真題解析

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.

But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.

50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.

Part C

46. 本句考點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)從句，of 短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，代詞指代， but引導(dǎo)并列句

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干是：it may be said that…, but this effect… its effect及its original motive.中it在句中指代social institution。

參考譯文：可以說，任何社會(huì)制度的價(jià)值在于它對(duì)擴(kuò)大和改進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)方面的影響，但是這種影響并不是它原來的動(dòng)機(jī)的一部分。

47. 本句考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)句，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語(yǔ), 省略

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：強(qiáng)調(diào)句的正常語(yǔ)序是：the by-product of the institution was noted Only gradually, and this effect …was only still more gradually (noted). considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution作this effect的后置定語(yǔ)。

參考譯文：一種制度的副產(chǎn)品，只是逐步被注意到的，而這種效果被視為實(shí)施這種制度的一個(gè)指導(dǎo)性因素更加緩慢得多。

48. 本句考點(diǎn)：比較狀語(yǔ)從句，動(dòng)賓分隔

結(jié)構(gòu)分析:本句主干是while引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)比較狀語(yǔ)從句。in our contact with 作為一個(gè)插入成分，分隔了ignore和它的賓語(yǔ)the effect of…。

參考譯文：在和他們(年輕人)接觸的時(shí)候，雖然容易忽略我們的行動(dòng)對(duì)他們的傾向的影響，但是也不像與成年人打交道那么簡(jiǎn)單。

49. 本句考點(diǎn)：since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句，代詞指代，賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句嵌套定語(yǔ)從句。

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句主干是Since… we cannot help considering…其中whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability作cannot help considering的賓語(yǔ)，which will secure this ability作為嵌套定語(yǔ)從句修飾the powers。

參考譯文：既然我們的主要任務(wù)在于使年輕人參與共同生活，我們禁不住考慮我們是否在形成獲得這種能力的力量。

50. 本句考點(diǎn)：插入語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering 作為插入語(yǔ)，which we have been so far considering為定語(yǔ)從句修飾process，本句主干是：We are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education. that of direct tuition or schooling與a more formal kind of education 是同位語(yǔ)關(guān)系。

參考譯文：因此，我們可以在上面所考慮的廣闊的教育過程之內(nèi)區(qū)別出一種比較正規(guī)的教育，即直接的教導(dǎo)或?qū)W校教育。

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