1994年考研英語翻譯真題解析
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1994年考研英語翻譯真題解析
Directions:
Readthe following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
According to the newschool of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding thehorizons of scientific knowledge. (71)Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great menof genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques andtools. (72) "Inshort" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientificrevolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use ofa series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerabledirections. "
(73)Over the years, tools andtechnology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely beenignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school thathails technology algues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell,Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, andderived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices ofdifferent kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.
The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes , genius-no advocate was ananalysis of Galileo' s role at the start of the scientific revolution. Thewisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the secondcentury, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of allheavenly motions. (74)Galileo' s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn thenewly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve aroundthe sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story,according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in theimprovement of machinery for making eyeglasses .
Federal policy is necessarilyinvolved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75)Whether the Government should increase the financing of purescience at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the drivingforce.
精美譯文
新學派的科學家認為,技術是擴大科學知識的范圍中被忽視的力量。(71)他們說,科學的發(fā)展與其說源于天才偉人的真知灼識,不如說源于改進了的技術和工具等等更為普通的東西。(72)新學派的一位領袖人物堅持說:“簡言之,我們所稱謂的科學革命,主要是指一系列器具的改進、發(fā)明和使用,這些改進、發(fā)明和使用使科學發(fā)展的范圍無所不及。
(73)工具和技術本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉多年來在很大程度上被科學史學家和科學思想家們忽視了。為技術而歡呼的現(xiàn)代學派爭辯說,像伽利略、牛頓、麥克斯威爾、愛因斯坦這樣的科學大師和像愛迪生這樣的發(fā)明家十分重視科學實驗中能使用的各種不同的工藝信息和技術裝置并從中受益匪淺。
鼓吹技術第一、天才第二的論據(jù)的核心是分析了科學革命初期伽利略的作用。那時的聰明才智取自第二世紀的天文學家托勒密;了精心創(chuàng)立的太空體系把地球置于所有天體運動的中心。(74)伽利略的最光輝的業(yè)績在于他在1609年第一個把新發(fā)明的望遠鏡對準天空,以證實行星是圍繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn),而不是圍繞地球。但是,在新學派科學家看來,這件事中真正重要的因素是制造鏡片的機械長期以來不斷的改進和發(fā)展。
聯(lián)邦政府的政策必然要卷入到技術與天才之爭中去。(75)政府究竟是以減少對技術的經(jīng)費投入來增加對純理論科學的經(jīng)費投入,還是相反,這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動力量。
題目解析:
(71 ) 、Science moves forward,they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because ofmore ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:
賓語從句的主句Science // moves forward, // 主句 插入結(jié)構(gòu)theysay, // 并列結(jié)構(gòu)1 not so much 原因狀語結(jié)構(gòu)through // 多重定語the insights / of great men /of genius // 并列結(jié)構(gòu)2 as 原因狀語結(jié)構(gòu)becauseof // more ordinary things // 舉例like / improvedtechniques and tool.
詞義推敲:
move forward:向前發(fā)展。
they say:間接引語作插入結(jié)構(gòu)——前置。
they:指代the newschool of scientists
技巧:單復數(shù)對應:accordingto – say
not so much...as... 是as … as … (和……一樣多)的否定形式,理解為:“與其……倒不如……”。
through因為
技巧:not somuch... as是個并列結(jié)構(gòu),也就是說so和as后面應該兩個詞的意思應該相同,所以多義介詞through的意思應該等于because of因為,由于。
the insights / ofgreat men / of genius:天才偉人的真知灼見。多重后置定語——后浪推前浪,從后往前翻譯。
insights:the capacityto discern the true nature of a situation; penetration洞察力;心智的敏銳——真知灼見,遠見卓識
genius:天才
more ordinarythings like improved techniques and tool這是結(jié)構(gòu)是介詞like短語做定語修飾中心詞
more ordinarythings,也是先翻譯定語,再翻譯中心詞:像改進了的技術和工具等更為普通的東西。
like:such as
參考譯文:
新學派科學家們說,科學之所以發(fā)展,與其說是因為天才偉人的真知灼見,不如說是因為像改進了的技術和工具等更為普通的東西。
得分重點:
插入結(jié)構(gòu),并列結(jié)構(gòu),原因狀語結(jié)構(gòu)
(72)、 "Inshort" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientificrevolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use ofa series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerabledirections. "
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:
直接引語作賓語從句介詞短語作狀語“In short,” // 主句a leader / of the new school // contends, // “直接引語中的主語the scientific revolution, // 插入結(jié)構(gòu)as we callit, 直接引語中的謂語// was largely // 多重定語the improvement and invention and use of / a series of / instruments// 定語從句 主語that // 謂語expanded //the reach / of science // 介詞短語作方式狀語in innumerable direction.”
詞義推敲:
in short 簡而言之
a leader of the newschool contends:新學派的一位領導人物說/認為
school學派。
contend:to maintainor assert 主張或聲稱
the scientificrevolution:科學革命
revolution:A sudden ormomentous change in a situation 大變革在一情況下的突然或瞬時改變
as we call it我們所稱之謂的,我們所說的
largely:for the mostpart; mainly 大部分地;主要地
the improvement andinvention and use of / a series of / instruments 一系列器具的改進、發(fā)明和使用。
a series of一系列
expand擴大,張開
reach range orscope of influence or effect. 影響力產(chǎn)生影響或效果的范圍或領域
參考譯文:
“簡而言之”,新學派的一位領袖人物堅持說,“我們所謂的科學革命,主要是指一系列器具的改進、發(fā)明和使用,而(這些改進、發(fā)明和使用 / 這)(使科學發(fā)展的范圍無所不及 / 使科學發(fā)展無所不及 / 在無數(shù)方面拓展了科學的領域)。”
得分重點:
插入結(jié)構(gòu),定語從句,方式狀語
(73)、Over the years, toolsand technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largelybeen ignored by historians and philosophers of science.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:
73) 介詞短語作時間狀語Over the years, // 主語toolsand technology / 反身代詞themselves // 后置定語as / 多重定語a source of / fundamentalinnovation 謂語 //被動結(jié)構(gòu)havelargely been ignored // 方式狀語by historians / andphilosophers of science.
詞義推敲:
over the years 多年來
a source offundamental innovation:根本革新的源泉
fundamental:of orrelating to the foundation or base; elementary 基礎的基礎或基本的或與此有關的;根本的
innovation:the act ofintroducing something new 革新介紹新東西的行為
tools andtechnology...have largely been ignored by ... 很大程度上被忽視
philosophers ofscience 科學思想家們
參考譯文:
多年來,工具和技術本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉(多年來)在很大程度上被歷史學家和科學思想家們忽視了。
得分重點:
反身代詞,被動結(jié)構(gòu)
(74)、 Galileo' sgreatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newlyinvented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around thesun rather than around the Earth.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:
74) 主句 專有名詞Galileo's greatest glory // was // 表語從句that 時間狀語in 1609 // 從句主句he // was // the first person // 多重定語to turnthe newly invented telescope on the heavens // 目的狀語toprove // 賓語從句that 并列結(jié)構(gòu)1 主語the planets // 謂語revolve // around the sun// rather than 并列結(jié)構(gòu)2 省略結(jié)構(gòu)(revolve)around the earth.
詞義推敲:
Galileo 伽利略——專有名詞
greatest glory wasthat:最偉大的成就是
glory:a highlypraiseworthy asset 引以為豪的東西—— 成就,業(yè)績,貢獻
that:引導表語從句不做成分,沒有實際含義。而漢語又沒有這樣的形式上的要求,所以不譯。
turn the newly inventedtelescope on the heavens 把新發(fā)明的望遠鏡對準天空turn… on 轉(zhuǎn)向——對準,觀察
to prove that:用以證明,去證明
that 引導賓語從句,既不作成分,也沒有實際含義。
rather than而不是
the planets revolvearound the sun rather than around the earth 行星圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn),而不是圍繞地球轉(zhuǎn)
revolve:繞轉(zhuǎn),旋轉(zhuǎn)
參考譯文:
伽利略的最(光輝業(yè)績/偉大的成就)在于(他在1609年/在1609年他是)第一個把新發(fā)明的望遠鏡對準天空,以(證實/證明)行星是圍繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)而不是圍繞地球旋轉(zhuǎn)的。
得分重點:
表語從句,賓語從句,專有名詞,并列結(jié)構(gòu)
(75)、Whether the Governmentshould increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology orvice versa (反之)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:
(75)、并列結(jié)構(gòu)1 主語從句Whether // 主語the Government // 謂語should increase //多重定語the financing of /pure science 介詞短語作狀語結(jié)構(gòu)/ at the expense of / technology// 并列結(jié)構(gòu)2 or // 固定短語vice versa// 狀語結(jié)構(gòu)often // 謂語depends on //the issue / of 賓語從句which // (指代關系) 被動結(jié)構(gòu)is seen // as the driving force.
詞義推敲:
whether … or …究竟是……還是……
the Government:特指FederalGovernment。
increase thefinancing of:增加對……的資金投入
finance:to supplyfunds to 給…提供資金
pure science 純理論科學
at the expense of 由……付費,以……為代價
vice versa 反之亦然 relationsbeing reversed
increase thefinancing of pure science at the expense of technology - vice versa (還是通過 / 以減少對純理論科學的投入而增加對技術的投入 // 還是相反)
the issue of:……問題
issue:a point ormatter of discussion, debate, or dispute 爭議,辯論爭議、爭論、爭執(zhí)的要點或事件
of which:它們中的(purescience 和technology中的)哪一個
引導賓語從句,因為:1、which 是賓語從句的主語,而不是定語從句的賓語;2、of which 的結(jié)構(gòu)無法還原到后面的從句;3、which不等于issue,不是定語從句引導詞,而是疑問代詞。
is seen as:被動結(jié)構(gòu),可以翻譯成主動結(jié)構(gòu)——“把哪一方看成”
the driving force 驅(qū)動力
參考譯文:
政府究竟是以(減少對技術經(jīng)費的投入/犧牲技術作為代價)來增加對純理論科學的經(jīng)費投入,還是相反,這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動力量。
得分重點:
主語從句,并列結(jié)構(gòu),賓語從句,被動結(jié)構(gòu)
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