2014年自考英語一課堂筆記之unit4(2)

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　　15. refer v. ( to ) 提到，涉及;參考，查閱;把…歸到…上;使向…請教;有關(guān)聯(lián)

　　reference n. 參考;提及;關(guān)聯(lián)

　　The whole thing is finished now， please don't refer to it.(整個(gè)事情都結(jié)束了，不要再提了。)

　　He often refers to a dictionary for the spelling and meaning of a word.(他常常翻詞典查閱詞的拼寫和意思。)

　　He referred to her former classmates for her character.(他向她以前的同學(xué)詢問她的品行。)

　　He referred his defeat to poor health.(他把自己的失敗歸因于身體不好。)

　　She referred me to Prof. Wang for detailed information.(他叫我去王教授那兒詢問詳情。)

　　The doctor referred her to a heart specialist.(醫(yī)生囑咐她轉(zhuǎn)診于一位心臟病老師。)

　　These answers are for reference only.(這些答案僅供參考。)

　　His play is full of references to the political events of those days.(他的劇本涉及當(dāng)時(shí)的許多政治事件。)

　　16. relate v. ( to ) 有關(guān)聯(lián);敘述，講述

　　related adj. 有關(guān)的，相關(guān)的

　　relation n. 關(guān)系，聯(lián)系

　　He related the story vividly to the whole class.(他向全班同學(xué)生動(dòng)地講述了那個(gè)故事。)

　　I don't understand how the result related to / with the cause.(我不理解結(jié)果和原因如何關(guān)聯(lián)。)

　　If you want me to do this， you have to give me all the related material.(如果你想讓我做這件事，你得把所有相關(guān)的材料給我。)

　　Don't worry too much about them， they have very good relations.(別太為他們擔(dān)心，他們的關(guān)系很好。)

　　The two countries have established trade relations.(兩國建立了貿(mào)易關(guān)系。)

　　17. accurately adv. 準(zhǔn)確地，精確地

　　accurate adj. 準(zhǔn)確的，精確的

　　accuracy n. 準(zhǔn)確，精確

　　Remember that you have to do this work carefully and accurately.(記住，這項(xiàng)工作得做得細(xì)心而準(zhǔn)確。)

　　Right now I cannot give you a very accurate estimate.(現(xiàn)在我不能給你一個(gè)非常準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)。)

　　He required that the typing should be done with great accuracy.(他要求打字必須十分準(zhǔn)確。)

　　18. memorize v. 熟記，記住

　　Our English teacher asked us to memorize the words we learned today.(我們英語老師要求我們熟記今天所學(xué)的英語單詞。)

　　It is no easy thing for me to memorize all these telephone numbers.(熟記這些電話號碼對我來說真不是一件容易的事情。)

　　19. repeat v. 重復(fù) repetition n. 重復(fù)

　　I didn't quite catch what you said just now. Will you please repeat it?(我沒有聽清你剛才說的話，請你重復(fù)一遍，好嗎?)

　　We cannot repeat our mistakes.(我們不能重復(fù)自己的錯(cuò)誤。)

　　Repetition is necessary in language teaching and learning.(重復(fù)在語言教學(xué)中是必要的。)

　　He memorized his lines after many repetitions.(經(jīng)過多次重復(fù)他終于熟記了臺詞。)

　　20. preserve v. 保護(hù)，維持;保存

　　You will soon be near-sighted if you don't preserve your eyesight from now.(如果你不從現(xiàn)在起保護(hù)視力，你很快會(huì)近視的。)

　　What do you think the United Nations can do in preserving world peace?(你覺得聯(lián)合國能為維護(hù)世界和平做些什么?)

　　Deep freezing is the simplest way of preserving food.(深凍是保藏食品最簡便的方法。)

　　詞綴法

　　1. 名詞后綴 -ation; tion; sion

　　organization，visualization，information，preservation，integration，

　　relation，association，repetition，separation，addition

　　2. 動(dòng)詞后綴 -ize

　　organize，memorize，visualize，categorize，familiarize

　　3. 名詞后綴 -ence

　　reference，difference

　　4. 名詞后綴 -ity

　　similarity，familairity

　　本課簡介

　　本課介紹了在如何增強(qiáng)記憶方面心理學(xué)所做的研究。信息的意義，組織，聯(lián)想和想像是有助于記憶的幾個(gè)基本原則。如何運(yùn)用這些基本原則呢?課文對此一一作了介紹，條理十分清楚。學(xué)了本課，相信會(huì)有收獲。

　　本課語言點(diǎn)

　　1. Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory.

　　research 在本句中做名詞，這個(gè)詞也可以做動(dòng)詞用。請看下面的例句，注意research的詞類和用法：

　　1) An excellent piece of research won him the international prize.(一項(xiàng)出色的研究使他獲得了國際大獎(jiǎng)。)

　　2) Research shows that the potential of man's brain is limitless.(研究表明人腦的潛力是無限的。)

　　3) Much research has been done on / into diseases of blood.(在血液病方面人們做了很多的研究。)

　　4) Scientists have been researching on / into the causes of brain damage.(科學(xué)家們一直對腦損傷的起因進(jìn)行研究。)

　　5) They felt very much disappointed as they had been researching for three years but with no result.(做了三年的研究而沒有任何結(jié)果，他們感到很失望。)

　　focus on 是一個(gè)常用詞組，意思是“集中”，在生詞部分已作了較為詳細(xì)的講解，在此，請翻譯幾個(gè)句子：

　　1) 他今天準(zhǔn)是累了，他無法把注意力集中在工作上。(He must be very tired today， he just couldn't focus his attention to his work.)

　　2) 她覺得很不自在，因?yàn)樗械哪抗舛甲⒁曋?She felt very uneasy as all eyes were focused on her.)

　　3) 這本書著重談了中東的形勢。(This book focuses on the situation in the Middle East.)

　　a number of 的意思是“許多”。請看下面的例句，注意a number of 和the number of 的區(qū)別：

　　1) A number of factories have been shut down because of pollution problems.(由于污染問題許多工廠被關(guān)閉了。)

　　2) A number of students have handed in their application forms.(許多學(xué)生都遞交了申請表。)

　　3) The number of students in our school increases every year.(我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)每年都在增加。)

　　4) The number of passengers who were injured in the accident is still unknown.(在事故中受傷的乘客人數(shù)還不知道。)

　　2. It is useful to know how these principles work.

　　it 在句中做形式主語，真正的主語to know how these principles work，此類結(jié)構(gòu)我們在第一和第二單元已有了解。請看下面的句子：

　　1) It is necessary to learn how to use the computer.(學(xué)會(huì)如何使用計(jì)算機(jī)很有必要。)

　　2) It is important to find out why the forest fire broke out.(找出森林大火的原因很重要。)

　　3) It is difficult to know what he is thinking about.(要想知道他在想什么很困難。)

　　work 在本句中的意思是“起作用;產(chǎn)生影響”，請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) The doctor said that the medicine would work.(醫(yī)生說藥會(huì)起作用的。)

　　2) They didn't think his plan would work.(他們認(rèn)為他的計(jì)劃行不通。)

　　3) They didn't expect that the teacher's encouragement would work such a change in him.(他們沒有料到老師的鼓勵(lì)會(huì)使他產(chǎn)生如此變化。)

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