2014年自考英語一課堂筆記之unit4(1)

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　　Unit4(第11講―第13講)

　　Text A Inproving Your Memory

　　本課主要語言點(diǎn)

　　1. psychological adj. 心理學(xué)的

　　Psychological factors often play an important part in winning a competition.

　　(在贏得一場(chǎng)比賽中，心理因素常常起著重要作用。)

　　Make sure all the kids are psychologically healthy.(確保孩子們心理健康。)

　　(the person who studies human mind-心理學(xué)家)

　　在希臘語中，psycho表示“靈魂”，“精神”，“心理”。在英語中，有不少詞是用psycho做前綴構(gòu)成的。除了剛才提到的psychology，psychological， psychologist以外，常見的還有：psychoanalysis(精神分析)， psychotherapy(心理療法)等。

　　2. focus v. (使)聚焦，(使)集中 ( focus on ) 　n. 焦點(diǎn)，中心

　　He is focusing his eyes on a painting on the wall.(他正注視著墻上的一幅畫。)

　　Please focus your attention on the main problems.(請(qǐng)把注意力集中在主要問題上。)

　　This area became the focus of the world's attention again.(這一地區(qū)再次成為世界注意的中心。)

　　The 27th Olympic Games is now the focus of people's interest.(眼下第二十七屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)是人們興趣的中心。)

　　3. basic adj. 基本的，基礎(chǔ)的

　　They didn't make any effort to solve the basic economic problems.(他們沒有做任何努力去解決基本的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題。)

　　He even didn't have a basic aim in life.(他連生活的基本目標(biāo)都沒有。)

　　There are certain factors that are basic to a good relationship between the two countries.(有些因素對(duì)兩國之間的良好關(guān)系是很重要的。)

　　It is necessary to teach them some basic mathematical skills.(教他們一些基本的數(shù)學(xué)技能是必要的。)

　　4. principle n. 原理，原則;信念 principal adj. 主要的n. 校長，負(fù)責(zé)人;委托人

　　He won't give in as it is a matter of principle.(這是一個(gè)原則問題，他不會(huì)讓步的。)

　　The two machines work on the same principle.(這兩臺(tái)機(jī)器的工作原理是一樣的。)

　　No matter what you do， it is important that you have moral principle.(無論你做什么，道義很重要。)

　　Rice is the principal food for most of the Chinese people.(米飯是大多數(shù)中國人的主食。)

　　Go and ask all the principal persons concerned to come here.(去請(qǐng)所有有關(guān)的主要人員到這兒來。)

　　She is the principal of that school. (她是那所學(xué)校的校長。)

　　5. meaningfulness n. 富有意義

　　mean v. 表示…意思，意味著;打算

　　meaning n. 意思，意義

　　meaningful adj. 有意思的，意味深長的

　　meaningless adj. 沒有意思的

　　Meaningfulness and organization are the two basic principles that help memory.(信息的意義和組織是有助于記憶的兩個(gè)基本原則。)

　　I don't know what he meant by telling me the news.(我不知道他把這個(gè)消息告訴我是什么意思。)

　　Can you explain the meaning of the word to me?(你能把這個(gè)單詞的意思給我解釋一下嗎?)

　　They failed to get meaningful results from the experiment.(他們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)中沒有得到任何有意義的結(jié)果。)

　　It is meaningless to argue any further.(再爭辯下去沒有任何意義。)

　　6. organization n. 組織;機(jī)構(gòu)

　　organize v. 組織

　　China will surely become a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO)。(中國一定會(huì)成為世界貿(mào)易組織的一員。)

　　Everything is in a mess because there is a complete lack of organization.(由于組織工作的缺乏，一切處于混亂之中。)

　　He organized a strike for better working conditions.(為了爭取更好的工作條件，他組織了一次罷工。)

　　He thought the meeting was badly organized. (他認(rèn)為會(huì)議組織得很糟糕。)

　　7. association n. 聯(lián)合，結(jié)合;交往;協(xié)會(huì)

　　associate v. 使聯(lián)合;把…聯(lián)想起來;交往 ( associate with )

　　associate adj. 副的

　　The cultural activity was organized by the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries.(這一文化活動(dòng)是由中國人民對(duì)外友好協(xié)會(huì)組織的。)

　　The picture reminded me of my brief association with the old lady years ago.(這幅畫使我想起了多年前我與那位老太太的短暫交往。)

　　Her hometown has happy associations for her.(她的家鄉(xiāng)給了她許多美好的聯(lián)想。)

　　It is really difficult for me to associate the two ideas.　(對(duì)我來說把這兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)聯(lián)系起來很困難。)

　　He spent all his spare time associating with boys from the neighboring community.(他把所有的業(yè)余時(shí)間都花在與鄰近社區(qū)男孩的交往上。)

　　People always associate the name of Abraham Lincoln with the American Civil War.(人們總是把亞伯拉罕-林肯的名字與美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)聯(lián)系在一起。)

　　an associate professor 副教授　　　　an associate editor副主編

　　8. visualization n. 想像，設(shè)想

　　visualize v. 設(shè)想，想像

　　visual adj. 視覺的;看的見的;形象化的

　　Like meaningfulness and organization， visualization is also helpful to memory.(如同意義和組織，想像也有助于記憶。)

　　I just cannot visualize what might become of him.(我無法想像他會(huì)變成什么樣。)

　　Even though I was not there， I can easily visualize the scene.(盡管我不在那兒，那兒的情景我不難想像。)

　　I cannot say for sure if it was your visual illusion.(我不能肯定這是不是你的視錯(cuò)覺。)

　　The stories he wrote are extremely visual.(他寫的故事非常生動(dòng)。)

　　9. rhyme v. 韻，押韻

　　rhythm n. 節(jié)奏

　　I cannot think of a rhyme for “seven”。 (我想不出一個(gè)跟“seven”同韻的詞。)

　　She called him Guppy， to rhyme with puppy.(她叫他Guppy，是為了跟puppy押韻。)

　　The rhythm of his speech held the attention of the audience.(他講話時(shí)語調(diào)的抑揚(yáng)頓挫抓住了聽眾的注意力。)

　　Human biological rhythms are related to the natural cycle of day and night.(人的生物節(jié)奏與晝夜的自然循環(huán)有關(guān)。)

　　10. ability n. 能力，才能

　　Human beings have the ability to learn and use a language.(人類有學(xué)會(huì)和使用語言的能力。)

　　No matter what you do， try to do it to the best of your ability.(不管做什么，你都要盡力而為。)

　　His ability to master 5 foreign languages wins him the admiration of all his classmates.(他能掌握五門外語的能力贏得了所有同學(xué)的欽佩。)

　　He has good speaking ability， but his writing ability is poor.(他說的能力很好，但寫的能力差。)

　　He is a man of outstanding ability.(他是一個(gè)有非凡才能的人。)

　　11. random adj. 胡亂的，任意的，隨意的　　　n. 無目的或目標(biāo)

　　The way the books were arranged seemed completely random.(圖書排列的方式似乎很隨意。)

　　This is just a random selection of all the complaints we have received about our after service.

　　(我們只是對(duì)所收到的有關(guān)售后服務(wù)方面的投訴隨意地選擇了一下。)

　　He opened the books at random.(他胡亂地打開了書。)

　　When his wife was away， he piled the soiled dishes in the kitchen at random.(他妻子外出時(shí)，他把臟碟子亂七八糟地堆在廚房里。)

　　12. categorize v. 分類

　　category n. 種類;范疇;部門

　　If you categorize the information you need to remember， you will find it much easier.(如果你把所需記憶的信息分類，你就會(huì)覺得記憶起來要容易得多。)

　　They categorized 200 songs as folk songs.(他們把兩百首歌歸為民歌類歌曲。)

　　These books fall into the category of reference books.(這些書屬參考書類。)

　　His research does not belong to the category of natural science.(他的研究不屬于自然科學(xué)范疇。)

　　13. following adj. 接著的，下述的　　prep. 在…之后

　　the following 如下

　　He promised the old man that he would come and see him again the following day.(他答應(yīng)老人第二天再來看他。)

　　After the meeting the following teachers will stay.(會(huì)后，以下的老師請(qǐng)留下。)

　　The following examples will prove my point.(下面的例子將證實(shí)我的觀點(diǎn)。)

　　Following the discussion a decision was made.(討論之后便做出了決定。)

　　Following the concert he went home.(音樂會(huì)后，他就回了家。)

　　The following are worthy of your attention.(以下幾點(diǎn)值得你們注意。)

　　The winners of the competition are the following： …(競賽獲勝者如下：…)

　　14. needless adj. 不需要的，不必要的

　　Needless to say， I don't think much of the proposal he put forward at the meeting.(不用說，我覺得他在會(huì)上提的建議不怎么樣。)

　　You don't have to take such a needless risk.(你不用去冒這種不必要的險(xiǎn)。)

　　Don't you think it is a waste of time to give him so much needless are?(你不覺得給他這么多不必要的關(guān)心是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間嗎?)

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