2014年自考英語(yǔ)一課堂筆記之unit2(1)

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　　Unit2(第4講―第6講)

　　Text A Taxes， Taxes， and More Taxes

　　本課主要單詞

　　1. tax n. & v. 稅(款);對(duì)…征稅

　　The government plans to increase taxes by 3 percent.

　　(政府計(jì)劃把稅收增加三個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。)

　　In Britain， tobacco and alcoholic drinks are heavily taxed.

　　(在英國(guó)，煙草和酒類飲品的稅收很高。)

　　income tax(所得稅) sales tax(銷售稅)

　　import tax(進(jìn)口稅) housing and land tax(房地產(chǎn)稅)

　　VAT (value-added tax)(增值稅) poll tax(人頭稅)

　　tax-collector(稅務(wù)員) tax-payer(納稅人)

　　dodge tax(逃稅，漏稅) tax-free(免稅的)

　　2. type n. 類型，種類，品種

　　v. 打字

　　No one knows why he doesn't like this type of work.(沒(méi)有人知道他為什么不喜歡這種工作。)

　　The manager asked Mary to type the letter again.(經(jīng)理要瑪麗把信重打一遍。)

　　typewriter(打字機(jī))　　　　　　typist(打字員)

　　3. salary n. 工資 　　　　v. (常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))給…發(fā)薪

　　salaried adj. 拿薪水的，領(lǐng)工資的

　　She was happy to know that she would get a promotion and an increase in salary.(得知她將得到提級(jí)和加薪，她很開心。)

　　Don't worry about him， he will be salaried by a big company.(別為他擔(dān)心，一家大公司會(huì)給他發(fā)薪水。)

　　With his knowledge and experience he was bound to get a high-salaried post.(憑借他的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他一定能找到一份高薪的工作。)

　　salary和 wage的區(qū)別在于：salary是指為從事非體力勞動(dòng)的人按月支付的薪水，wage則通常指為從事體力勞動(dòng)的人按周支付的薪水。

　　4. earn v. 掙得;贏得，獲得

　　He worked 14 hours a day in order that he could earn enough to support the family.(為了能掙足夠的錢養(yǎng)家，他每天工作十四小時(shí)。)

　　His sincerity earns him friends wherever he goes.(無(wú)論走到哪，他的真誠(chéng)都能贏得朋友。)

　　5. percentage n. 百分比，百分率;比例，部分

　　percent / per cent n. 每百中，百分之…

　　The percentage of university enrollment will be greatly increased this year.(今年，大學(xué)錄取的百分比將大大提高。)

　　About 70 percent of high school graduates in Nanjing will be enrolled by universities this year.(今年，南京的高中畢業(yè)生將有百分之七十被高校錄取。)

　　6. vary vi. 變化，有不同

　　vt. 改變，使不同

　　Prices of fish vary from 70 cents a pound to one dollar a pound.(魚的價(jià)格從七十美分到一美元一磅不等。)

　　The weather in this area varies from hour to hour.(這兒的天氣時(shí)刻有變化。)

　　I didn't vary my plan at the last moment.(我在最后一刻沒(méi)有改變我的計(jì)劃。)

　　7. graduated adj.(稅)累進(jìn)的;刻度的

　　graduate v. & n. 畢業(yè);畢業(yè)生

　　graduation n. 畢業(yè)

　　As the federal government has a graduated income tax， the more you earn， the higher tax you have to pay. 因?yàn)槁?lián)邦政府實(shí)行累進(jìn)所得稅，所以，你掙的越多，繳的所得稅就越高。

　　A graduated glass will enable you to know how much water you have put into the vessel.(量杯能夠使你知道你在容器里放了多少水。)

　　He graduated from high school last year. But it was difficult for a high school graduate to find a satisfactory job.

　　(他去年高中畢業(yè)，但是高中畢業(yè)生要找一份稱心如意的工作是很困難的。)

　　After graduation she went to work in a hospital as a nurse. (畢業(yè)后，她去醫(yī)院做了一名護(hù)士。)

　　8. sale n. 出售，賣;廉價(jià)出售

　　sell v. 賣

　　Mr. Smith is now interested in my car and I hope I can make the sale today.(史密斯先生現(xiàn)在對(duì)我的汽車感興趣，我希望今天就能賣成。)

　　He sold his bike to Tom.(他把自行車賣給了湯姆。)

　　for sale(待售) on sale(上市的)

　　a clearance sale(清倉(cāng)拍賣) sales department(營(yíng)業(yè)部)

　　sales promotion(促銷活動(dòng)) sales manager(銷售經(jīng)理)

　　salesperson / salesclerk(營(yíng)業(yè)員)

　　9. charge v. 索價(jià);指控;使充滿

　　n. 價(jià)錢;指控;負(fù)責(zé)

　　He charged me 10 yuan for a bowl of plain rice.(一碗白米飯，他要了我十塊錢。)

　　The young man was charged with stealing.(那個(gè)年輕人被指控犯了盜竊罪。)

　　Charge your glasses and drink to our friendship.(斟滿杯，為我們的友誼干杯。)

　　The charge for a front-row seat is 250 yuan.(前排座位票價(jià)250元。)

　　The police arrested him on a charge of murder.(警察以謀殺罪拘捕了他。)

　　Who will be in charge of our class when the teacher is away?(老師不在的時(shí)候，誰(shuí)管我們班?)

　　10. figure n. 數(shù)字;人物;外形

　　v. 想出;算出;估計(jì)

　　He has a good head for figures.(他的數(shù)字概念很強(qiáng)。)

　　No one had expected that his savings could reach 5 figures in such a short time.(誰(shuí)也沒(méi)料到在這么短的時(shí)間里，他的存款能達(dá)到五位數(shù)。)

　　He was an important figure in American history.(他是美國(guó)歷史上的重要人物。)

　　She was always worrying about her figure as she couldn't resist the temptation of chocolates. (她抵御不了巧克力的誘惑，所以總是擔(dān)心自己的體形。)

　　We are trying to figure out a way to help them.(我們正在想辦法幫助他們。)

　　Figure out the expenses and see if we have enough money.(算一算費(fèi)用，看看我們的錢是否夠。)

　　She brought an umbrella as she figured they might need it.(她帶了一把傘，因?yàn)樗�估�?jì)他們會(huì)需要。)

　　11. add v. 增加，增添

　　addition n. 加 (in addition to除…之外)

　　additional adj. 附加的，另外的

　　The fire is going out， add more wood to it. (火要滅了，再加些木柴。)

　　His explanation adds to my confusion.(他的解釋使我更加糊涂。)

　　In addition to leaves， these animals eat a great deal of fruit.(除了樹葉之外，這些動(dòng)物還吃大量的水果。)

　　It will take an additional two days to finish the work.(還要再花兩天時(shí)間才能完成這項(xiàng)工作。)

　　12. revenue n. 收入，收益;稅收

　　The manager is worrying about the drop in advertising revenue.(經(jīng)理正為廣告收入的下降著急。)

　　The loss of tax revenue in many areas is getting higher.(許多地區(qū)的稅收流失越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。)

　　the Public Revenue(財(cái)政收入，國(guó)庫(kù)收入)

　　Inland Revenue(國(guó)內(nèi)稅收) revenue department(稅務(wù)部門)

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