2014年成人高考專升本英語(yǔ)詞匯和語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí):動(dòng)詞十四

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　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can， could， may， might， must， should， ought to， need， dare， had better， would rather 等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于助動(dòng)詞，不能單獨(dú)使用，必須再接動(dòng)詞原型。ought to 整個(gè)相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，否定是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not，但是ought to的否定是ought not to.

　　1.can， could

　　表示能力、允許、客觀可能性。

　　She is only four， but she can read.

　　Is there anything that I can do for you?

　　This sort of thing can't go on.

　　I couldn't follow her speech.

　　Could you lend me your bike?

　　Fire can't destroy gold.真金不怕火練

　　2.may， might

　　表示允許、猜測(cè)。

　　The dialect of one province may be quite different from that of the next one.

　　Students may not stay out after midnight without written permission.(stay out 在外邊待的很晚)

　　He asked his mother if he might go out to play.

　　“May I open the window?” “Yes， please./ Please don't./ No， you mustn't.” (may 如果要否定用mustn't，could和might用在現(xiàn)在時(shí)表委婉的說(shuō)法)

　　3.must

　　表示“肯定”、“準(zhǔn)是”，還可以表示“必須”，與have to 意思接近，但must 側(cè)重說(shuō)明主觀看法，have to 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。must時(shí)主觀表達(dá)方式，have to是客觀表達(dá)方式。mustn't 表示“千萬(wàn)不要”、“一定不要”。

　　If you must go， at least you wait till the rain is over.

　　Teachers always tell us we must do everything step by step.

　　――Must I go tomorrow?

　　――No， you needn't.(Yes， I'm afraid so. must一般疑問(wèn)句的否定用needn't來(lái)回答)

　　He has to tidy up the room everyday.(tidy up 打掃干凈)

　　(He must tidy up the room everyday.)

　　We have to study a foreign language.

　　You mustn't talk like that to your parents.

　　4.ought to ， should

　　表示應(yīng)該做的事和非常可能的事。

　　You ought to go to see a doctor for you don't look well.

　　You shouldn't talk like that.

　　The old man said you ought to tell the police.

　　You oughtn't to smoke so much everyday.

　　The work ought to be finished by next Friday.

　　The book should be available in the bookstore. (available 可得到的)

　　5.need

　　表示“需要”。need可以當(dāng)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可以做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。

　　Need I come?-Yes， you must.(No， you needn't)

　　All you need do is to say yes to his questions.

　　He said he needn't hurry.

　　need 還可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后面接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)相當(dāng)于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　You don't need to stay.(=You needn't say. )

　　Does he need to know it?(= Need he know it?)

　　needs/ wants/ requires +doing相當(dāng)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　The question needs/ wants/ requires discussing.(=needs to be discussed.)

　　My shoes need repairing.(My shoes need to be repaired.)

　　物作主語(yǔ)時(shí)need接doing表被動(dòng)。

　　6.dare

　　表示“敢”，也可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句。

　　The boss is so hot-tempered that no one dare tell him the bad news.(so……that 如此……以至于)

　　Who dare stop you?

　　He doesn't dare to look out of the window.

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱性數(shù)的變化，有人稱性數(shù)變化的一定是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。

　　She dare not say what she thinks.(=She doesn't dare to say what she thinks.)

　　7.had better

　　表示“最好”。否定為 had better not

　　I had better not disturb him.

　　We had better go and see the doctor now.

　　8.would rather

　　表示“寧愿”，后面接從句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。否定用would rather not.

　　I'd rather not say anything.

　　John would rather work in a company than in a factory.

　　She would rather have the small oranges than the large ones.

　　I would rather you came tomorrow.

　　(would sooner 遲早，后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，一般過(guò)去時(shí)。)

　　I would sooner she left the heavy end of the work to someone else.

　　有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如can， could， may， might， must， ought to， should 后面可以接動(dòng)詞的完成形式，表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事的猜測(cè)或?qū)?yīng)該發(fā)生的事的看法。

　　They shouldn't have left so soon.

　　They must have been through a lot.

　　I needn't have told them that.

　　He can't have left for Shanghai for I saw him a moment ago.

　　How could you have forgotten such an important thing?

　　They must have arrived by now.

　　You oughtn't to have done that.

　　She looks so miserable. You oughtn't to have hurt her feelings.

　　“I was late yesterday because my car broke down. ”(broke的原型是break，這里表拋錨的意思) “You should have borrowed mine. I wasn't using it. ”

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞部分除了應(yīng)了解每個(gè)詞的具體含義之外，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定是在后面加not.特別要注意had bette和would rather的否定。ought to的否定是ought not to.would rather后面接句子只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。can、could、may、might、must、ought to、should后接動(dòng)詞完成式表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的猜測(cè)。

　　“may/might + 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”表示“也許已經(jīng)……了”;

　　“must + 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”表示“肯定……了”;

　　“can / could + 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”表示“本來(lái)是能夠……的(實(shí)際上未)”;

　　“should/ought to + 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”表示“本應(yīng)該……(實(shí)際上未)”。

　　1.That was in March. You may / might have read about it in the newspapers.

　　2.The house is dark; the Browns _______ to bed.

　　A. may go B. should go C. should have gone D. must have gone

　　(答案 D)

　　3.Her husband could have helped her， but he chose not to.(choose)

　　4.You _______ yesterday if you were really serious about the job.

　　A.ought to come B. ought come C. ought to have come D. ought have come

　　(答案 C serious 嚴(yán)肅的)

　　此外，考生還應(yīng)注意need和dare這兩個(gè)詞，它除了是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞外，還可以是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，在不同的情況下用法有差別

　　1.To travel from England to Scotland you _______ a passport.

　　A. mustn't have B. haven't got C. don't need D. needn't

　　(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后要接動(dòng)詞原型 答案 C)

　　2.The house needs ________， but they plan to wait until next spring to do it.

　　A. paint B. to paint C. painting D. be painted

　　(答案 C)

　　1. “Do you have to leave?”

　　“Sorry ， but I really _____.”

　　A. have B. had to C. do so D. must

　　答案 D

　　2. I want to go to the dentist， but you ________ with me.

　　A. needn't to go B. needn't go

　　C. don't need go D. need go

　　neen't為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后接動(dòng)詞原型

　　don't need為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后面接to

　　答案 B

　　3. “______ you pass me the salt?”

　　“Sure. Here you are .”

　　A. Might B. Must C. Could D. Need

　　答案 C

　　4. “I haven't felt well for a week.”

　　“You ______ see a doctor.”

　　A. have ought ot B. had better

　　C. should have to D. would rather

　　答案 B

　　5. “Doesn't Elaine want to see that movie?”

　　“Yes， but she says _______ go tonight.”

　　A. she'll rather not B. she'd rather not

　　C. she'd not rather D. she won't rather

　　would rather的否定詞放在rather的后面，動(dòng)詞的前面。

　　答案 B

　　6. “Listen， Mary is singing in the next room.”

　　“That ______ be Mary. She's in hospital.”

　　A. may not B. shouldn't C. should have gone D. can't

　　答案 D

　　7. John ______ a restless person. He kept moving from country to country.

　　A. must be B. should go C. must have been D. must have gone

　　答案 C

　　8. I can't find Tom anywhere. I think he ____ to the library.

　　A. may go B. must go C. must have gone D. should have gone

　　should have gone 應(yīng)該……而實(shí)際上沒(méi)……

　　答案 C

　　9. “What's the matter with that picture on the wall?”

　　“It needs _________.”

　　A. straightening B. to be straightening C. straightened D. straighten

　　答案 A

　　10. “Tom graduated from college at a very young age.”

　　“He _________ an outstanding student.”

　　A. must be B. could be C. must have been D. should have been

　　對(duì)過(guò)去推測(cè)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

　　答案 C

　　11. The old lade needs ________ after her shock.

　　A. to comfort B. comforting C. to be comforted D. Both B and C

　　答案 D

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