2014年成人高考專升本英語詞匯和語法復習:動詞十三

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　　被動語態(tài)

　　(一)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：be+過去分詞

　　一般現(xiàn)在時 am / is / are +過去分詞

　　一般過去時 was / were +過去分詞

　　一般將來時 shall / will + be +過去分詞

　　過去將來時 should / would + be +過去分詞

　　現(xiàn)在進行時 am / is / are + being +過去分詞

　　過去進行時 was / were + being +過去分詞

　　現(xiàn)在完成時 have / has + been +過去分詞

　　過去完成時 had been +過去分詞

　　情態(tài)動詞 情態(tài)動詞+ be +過去分詞

　　(二)被動語態(tài)的基本用法

　　當句子的主語和謂語呈被動關(guān)系，即主語是動作的承受者時(相對于執(zhí)行者)，謂語要用被動語態(tài)。具體說來，被動語態(tài)主要用于以下兩種情況：

　　1.不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者。

　　Printing was introduced into Europe from China.

　　Such books are written for children.

　　Everything has been taken away.

　　When will the museum be opened for the public?

　　I was born in 1980.

　　2.動作的承受者是談話的中心。

　　The composition was written with great care.

　　These questions are settled through negotiation.(negotiation 談判)

　　The flowers will be planted next week.

　　He is said to be a good teacher.

　　For this he was often made fun of.(make fun of 開玩笑)

　　若要同時將動作的執(zhí)行者表達出來，往往可以在執(zhí)行者前面加上by.

　　I'm puzzled by what the teacher has said.

　　The door was locked by me when I left the room last night.

　　The construction of the road has been held up by a flood.(hold up 阻礙、阻擋)

　　He was sent to school by his parents when he was only five years old.

　　(三)被動句與主動句的關(guān)系

　　被動句的主語實際上是主動句的賓語，主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，主語往往被省略。

　　We asked the teacher to explain the difficult sentences again.-The teacher was asked to explain the difficult sentences again.

　　I found a poor girl lying on the ground.-The poor girl was found lying on the ground.

　　My mother bought me a pair of new shoes.-I was bought a pair of new shoes; -A pair of new shoes was bought for me.

　　When we came to the theatre， we found all the seats occupied.-When we came to the theatre， all the seats were found occupied.

　　They paint their houses white in spring.-Their houses are painted white in spring.

　　The people in the town recognize him as a genius.-He is recognized as a genius by the people in the town.

　　有些動詞，如let， make， hear， see， watch， notice， have(讓，使)， feel 等，在主動語態(tài)中，其后面的不定式作賓語補足語時to 被省略，但在被動語態(tài)中需將to表達出來。在被動語態(tài)中，如果一個簡單句中有兩個動詞，后一動詞一定要加to.

　　I saw him turn round the corner.-He was seen to turn round the corner.

　　The teacher made the students copy the sentences many times until they could make sentences themselves.-The students were made to copy the sentences many times until they could make sentences themselves.

　　含有被動意義的主動語態(tài)：

　　(1)某些連系動詞，如smell， taste， sound， prove， feel.

　　The flowers smell sweet.

　　The food tastes nice.

　　(2) 某些與can't， won't 等連用的不及物動詞， 如move， lock， shut， open.

　　It can't move.(不能說 It can't be moved.)

　　The door won't shut.

　　(3) 某些可和well， easily等副詞連用的不及物動詞，如read， write， wash， clean， draw， burn， cook.

　　The cloth washes well.

　　The poem reads smoothly.

　　The meat is cooking.

　　動詞的語態(tài)部分主要應掌握被動語態(tài)的基本用法及其在不同的時態(tài)中的表現(xiàn)形式。

　　1.It remains a question when the new classroom building _________.

　　A. will be completed B. had been completed

　　C. would be completed D. has been completed

　　(答案 A)

　　2.My mother knows Jane; they _____ to each other at a party.

　　A. have been introduced B. are introduced

　　C. were introduced D. had been introduced

　　(主動語態(tài)：introduce sb. to sb.)

　　(答案 C)

　　被動語態(tài)部分還須特別注意動詞make， hear， see等詞，其后面用動詞不定式作補足語時，to 應該保留。

　　Those who won't work should be made to work.

　　The teacher was made to give up his teaching because of poor health.(give up 放棄;health 名詞;healthy 形容詞;breath 名詞;breathe 動詞)

　　1. In modern times， great female chefs have become known， and some of the best cook books _______ by women.

　　A. have written B. are written C. were written D. have been written

　　答案 D

　　2. ________ a new shopping center will be built here next year.

　　A. He is said B. It has said C. It is said C. It says

　　It is said that 據(jù)說

　　答案 C

　　3. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before they _______ fully.

　　A. accept B. receive C. are accepted D. are received

　　they 指代new ideas

　　receive：1.收到別人給予的東西，不含收件人是否愿意接受之義。

　　I received a letter from a good friend of mine yesterday.

　　2.也可表示“得到”， “領受”，“遭受”之意。

　　The book was favorably received by the public.

　　Accept： “收到”，強調(diào)主觀意愿決定“接受”，“收授”。而receive只表示收到，不一定接受。

　　She received a gift from him， but did not accept it.

　　receive 與 accept 在表示贊成某一看法，意見時可以換用。

　　The moral code is now received / accepted by all.

　　答案 C

　　4. In some parks visitors _________ to keep off the grass.

　　A. request B. requests C. are requested D. is requested

　　keep off 遠離

　　答案 C

　　5. He remembered ________ to the zoo by his father when he was little.

　　A. taking B. being taken C. to have taken D. have been taken

　　remeber doing 記得過去做的事情

　　答案 B

　　6. English ________ in a new way at my college in the past few years.

　　A. has been teaching B. was being taught

　　C. has been taught D. had been taught

　　in the past few years 近幾年。現(xiàn)在完成時

　　答案 C

　　7. All the machines _______ next month.

　　A. will be repaired B. will repair

　　C. will have repaired D. will have repair

　　被動語態(tài)必不可少的時系動詞be

　　答案 A

　　8. The rooms were then empty and most of them _______.

　　A. have shut up B. had shut up

　　C. have been shut up D. had been shut up

　　答案 D

　　9. When they had finished playing， the children were made _______ all the toys they had taken out.

　　A. put away B. to put away

　　C. putting away D. be put away

　　put away 將某物收起來，放入箱子或抽屜

　　答案 B

　　分析句子首先要判斷主語能不能發(fā)出謂語的動作，如果不能發(fā)出動作，就選擇被動語態(tài)，然后再考慮不同的時態(tài)。

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