2014年成人高考高起點(diǎn)英語語法歸納：-ING分詞與-ED分詞的區(qū)別

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　　-ING分詞與-ED分詞的區(qū)別

　　雖然在語法功能上，-ED分詞在句子中所能承擔(dān)的成分基本與-ING分詞相同，但在意義上兩者有差別：-ING分詞表示主動(dòng)的意義，而-ED分詞則表示被動(dòng)的意義;-ING分詞表示一般性的或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而-ED分詞則表示已經(jīng)完成和被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。在表現(xiàn)形式上，-ING分詞有“一般式”和“完成式”與“主動(dòng)式”和“被動(dòng)式”之分;而-ED分詞只有一種形式。下邊我們分析-ING分詞與-ED分詞在語法功用上的區(qū)別。

　　1. 作表語時(shí)，-ING分詞表示主語所具有的特征而-ED分詞表示主語所處的狀態(tài)

　　The book is quite interesting. I am insteredted in the book very much.

　　The play is more exciting than any I have

　　ever seen. That piece of land lay deserted.

　　2. 作狀語時(shí)-ING分詞表示主語正在進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作而-ED分詞則表示主語發(fā)生動(dòng)作的背景或情況 11) In his movies，W. C. Fields was always at war with the world， .

　　[A] battling both people and objects

　　[B] both people and objects were battled

　　[C] he was battling both people and objects

　　[D] both people and objects that were battled

　　13) Having been served lunch， .

　　[A] the problem was discussed by the members of the committee

　　[B] the committee members discussed the problem

　　[C] it was discussed by the committee members the problem

　　[D] a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee

　　12) for her anthropological research，Margaret Mead also was involved with the World Federation for Mental Health.

　　[A] She is noted primarily

　　[B] Noted primarily

　　[C] Primarily is noted

　　[D] She primarily noted

　　14) Considered one of the leading poets in America today， .

　　[A] a number of books and plays have also been written by Sonia Sanchez

　　[B] Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of books and plays

　　[C] a number of Sonia Sanchez's books and plays have been written

　　[D] there have been a number of books and plays written by Sonia Sanchez

　　3. ①作定語時(shí)，-ING分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而-ED分詞表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前;②-ING分詞表示它所修飾的詞經(jīng)?；虍?dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)，而-ED分詞則沒有時(shí)間性;③-ING分詞表示主動(dòng)，而-ED分詞表示被動(dòng)

　　15) The boiled [A] point of any liquid [B] is determined [C] by the pressure [D] of the surrounding gases.

　　16) High-grade [A] written [B] paper is frequently [C] obtained [D] from cotton rags.

　　17) Scientists [A] still cannot find [B] any convinced [C] link between intelligence [D] and the quantity or quality of brain cells.

　　4. 但少數(shù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ED分詞，有兩種形式而且在意義上有差別，如：bear的-ED分詞有born和borne之分，前者只用于“出生”的意義，而后者用于“負(fù)擔(dān)”，“負(fù)荷”，“承擔(dān)”和“傳送”之意

　　I was born in 1966.

　　His borne responsibility to the whole workers of the factory is really great.

　　再如：hang的-ED分詞也有兩種，一是hung，另一形式是hanged， 前者表示“懸掛”，后者表示“吊死，絞死”。strike的-ED分詞也有兩種：struck和striken， 前者有“打擊”“沖擊”“感動(dòng)”等義，而striken只用作形容詞，表示“受折磨”之意。

　　來自及物動(dòng)詞的-ED分詞所表示的是被動(dòng)意義;來自不及物動(dòng)詞的-ED分詞則可表示主動(dòng)和完成的意義：fallen leaves (落葉)，a full-blown rose (盛開的玫瑰)， escaped prinsoners(逃犯)， the exploded bomb， her deceased husband， the retired workers， the vanished jewels， the newly arrived visitors， the returned students， the risen sun.

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