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銆€銆€鎶楄棩鎬т害鎸囪棩鐗╃殑鑰愬彈鎬ф槸鎸囨煇浜涜棩鐗╅€ｇ簩(x霉)澶氭鏈嶇敤鍚庯紝姗�(j墨)楂斿皪(du矛)鍏跺弽鎳�(y墨ng)闄嶄綆鎴栨秷澶�锛岄渶瑕佸姞澶у姂閲忔墠鏈夊彲鑳介仈(d谩)鍒板師渚�(l谩i)杓冨皬鍔戦噺鏅�(sh铆)鍗冲彲鐛插緱鐨勮棩鐞嗕綔鐢�;鍋滆棩涓€娈垫檪(sh铆)闁撳悗锛岄€欑ó鑰愬彈鎬у嵆鍙秷澶�锛屾(j墨)楂旀仮寰�(f霉)鍒板師鏈夌殑姘村钩渚濊炒鎬т竴鑸槸鎸囧湪闀�(zh菐ng)鏈熸噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ煇绋棩鐗╁悗锛屾(j墨)楂斿皪(du矛)閫欑ó钘ョ墿鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熶簡鐢熺悊鎬ф垨绮剧鎬х殑渚濊炒鍜岄渶姹�锛屽垎鐢熺悊渚濊炒鍜岀簿绁炰緷璩村叐绋�銆�

銆€銆€鏍规摎(j霉)瑙ｉ噵锛屽彲浠ュ緱鍑築姝ｇ⒑銆�

銆€銆€6銆佷笅鍒楀摢绲勮棩鐗╁彲鑳界櫦(f膩)鐢熺(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬у皪(du矛)鎶椾綔鐢�

銆€銆€A.鍘荤敳鑵庝笂鑵虹礌鑸囩暟涓欒厧涓婅吅绱�

銆€銆€B.绲勮兒鑸�5-缇ヨ壊鑳�

銆€銆€C.姣涙灉钑撻鍫胯垏鏂版柉鐨勬槑

銆€銆€D.闁撶茎姘ㄨ垏鐣颁笝鑵庝笂鑵虹礌

銆€銆€E.闃挎墭鍝佽垏涔欓叞鑶藉牽

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細E

銆€銆€鍒嗘瀽椤岀洰涓殑钘ョ墿

銆€銆€A銆佸幓鐢茶厧涓婅吅绱犺垏鐣颁笝鑵庝笂鑵虹礌鍧囩偤鑵庝笂鑵虹礌鍙楅珨婵€鍕�(d貌ng)鍔�;

銆€銆€B銆佺祫鑳鸿垏5-缇ヨ壊鑳轰腑锛岀祫鑳虹偤绲勮兒鍙楅珨婵€鍕�(d貌ng)鍔�锛�5-缇ヨ壊鑳虹偤5-HT鐨勫彈楂旀縺鍕�(d貌ng)鍔�;

銆€銆€C銆佹瘺鏋滆晸棣欏牽鑸囨柊鏂殑鏄庝腑锛屾瘺鏋滆晸棣欏牽鐐鸿喗鍫垮彈楂旀縺鍕�(d貌ng)鍔�锛屾柊鏂殑鏄庣偤鑶藉牽閰叾鎶戝埗鍔�锛屽叐鑰呮湁涓€瀹氱殑鍗�(xi茅)鍚屼綔鐢�;

銆€銆€D銆侀枔缇ヨ兒鑸囩暟涓欒厧涓婅吅绱犲潎鐐鸿厧涓婅吅绱犲彈楂旀縺鍕�(d貌ng)鍔�;

銆€銆€E銆侀樋鎵樺搧鑸囦箼閰拌喗鍫夸腑锛岄樋鎵樺搧鐐鸿喗鍫垮彈楂旈樆鏂峰姂锛屼箼閰拌喗鍫跨偤鑶藉牽婵€鍕�(d貌ng)鍔�銆�

銆€銆€鍥犳锛屽彲鑳藉嚭鐝�(xi脿n)椤岀洰瑕佹眰鐨�“绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬у皪(du矛)鎶椾綔鐢�”鐨勮棩鐗�锛屽彧鑳界偤E銆�

銆€銆€7銆乸A2鍊煎彲浠ュ弽鏄犺棩鐗╄垏鍙楅珨鐨勮Κ鍜屽姏锛宲A2鍊煎ぇ瑾�(shu艒)鏄�

銆€銆€A.钘ョ墿鑸囧彈楂旇Κ鍜屽姏澶э紝鐢ㄨ棩鍔戦噺灏�

銆€銆€B.钘ョ墿鑸囧彈楂旇Κ鍜屽姏澶�锛岀敤钘ュ姂閲忓ぇ

銆€銆€C.钘ョ墿鑸囧彈楂旇Κ鍜屽姏灏�锛岀敤钘ュ姂閲忓皬

銆€銆€D.钘ョ墿鑸囧彈楂旇Κ鍜屽姏灏�锛岀敤钘ュ姂閲忓ぇ

銆€銆€E.钘ョ墿鑸囧彈楂旇Κ鍜屽姏澶�锛屽収(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬у挤(qi谩ng)

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細A

銆€銆€pA2鍊肩殑澶у皬鍙嶆槧绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楄棩灏�(du矛)鍏舵縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑鎷姉寮�(qi谩ng)搴�銆傝棩鐗╃殑p A2鍊艰秺澶�锛屽叾鎷姉浣滅敤瓒婂挤(qi谩ng)銆傚叾鎷姉鑳藉姏寮�(qi谩ng)灏变唬琛ㄥ彈楂旇Κ鍜屽姏澶�锛岀敤钘ラ噺灏�銆�

銆€銆€pA2(鎷姉鍙冩暩(sh霉)锛岃〃绀虹殑灏辨槸鎷姉鍔戠殑鎷姉寮�(qi谩ng)搴�)鍊艰秺澶у叾瑕拰鍔涜秺寮�(qi谩ng)锛屾墍浠ュ叾鎷姉浣滅敤瓒婂挤(qi谩ng)锛屾墍浠ョ敤钘ラ噺灏辨渻(hu矛)瓒婂皯!

銆€銆€绲︽偍鑸夊€�(g猫)绨�(ji菐n)鍠緥瀛愶紝涓€鎶婇懓鍖欏皪(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)涓€鎶婇帠锛屾偍鍙互鎶婇帠鐪嬪仛鏄彈楂�锛屾縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ユ槸姝ｇ⒑鐨勯懓鍖�锛岃€屾嫯鎶楄棩鏄尟(cu貌)瑾ょ殑閼板寵锛屼竴鏃﹂尟(cu貌)瑾ょ殑閼板寵鍗犳摎(j霉)浜嗛帠瀛�锛屾纰虹殑閼板寵鍗充娇鎯抽枊閹栦篃娌�(m茅i)鏈夋彃鐨勪綅缃簡;

銆€銆€鏃㈡湁瑕拰鍔涘張鏈夊収(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬х殑钘ョ墿绋辩偤婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ワ紝瀹冨€戣兘鑸囧彈楂旂祼(ji茅)鍚堝苟婵€娲诲彈楂旇€岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熸晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆傛牴鎿�(j霉)瑕拰鍔涘拰鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬э紝婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ュ張鑳藉垎鐐哄畬鍏ㄦ縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ュ拰閮ㄥ垎婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘�銆傚墠鑰呭皪(du矛)鍙楅珨鏈夊緢楂樼殑瑕拰鍔涘拰鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�(α=1)锛屽悗鑰呭皪(du矛)鍙楅珨鏈夊緢楂樼殑瑕拰鍔涳紝浣嗗収(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬т笉寮�(qi谩ng)(α<1)锛岄噺-鏁堟洸绶氶珮搴�(Emax)杓冧綆锛屽嵆浣垮鍔犲姂閲�锛屼篃涓嶈兘閬�(d谩)鍒板畬鍏ㄦ縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑鏈€澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛岀浉鍙�锛屽嵒鍙洜瀹冨崰闋�(l菒ng)鍙楅珨锛岃€屾嫯鎶楁縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑閮ㄥ垎鐢熺悊鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€鎷姉钘ラ洊鍏锋湁杓冨挤(qi谩ng)鐨勮Κ鍜屽姏锛屼絾缂轰箯鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�(α=0)鏁呬笉鑳界敘(ch菐n)鐢熸晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛屼絾鐢变簬鍏跺崰鎿�(j霉)浜嗕竴瀹氭暩(sh霉)閲忓彈楂�锛屽弽鑰屽彲鎷姉婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑浣滅敤銆傚绱嶆礇閰偤闃跨墖鍙楅珨鎷姉钘ワ紝鏅悩娲涚埦鏄�β鑵庝笂鑵虹礌鍙楅珨鎷姉钘�銆傛湁浜涜棩鐗╀互鎷姉浣滅敤鐐轰富锛屼絾閭勬湁涓€瀹氱殑婵€鍕�(d貌ng)鍙楅珨鐨勬晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽墖鐐洪儴鍒嗘嫯鎶楄棩銆傚姘ㄧ儻娲涚埦鏄�β鑵庝笂鑵虹礌鍙楅珨閮ㄥ垎鎷姉钘�銆傛嫯鎶楄棩鍒嗙偤绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楄棩鍜岄潪绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楄棩鍏╃ó銆傜敱浜庢縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ヨ垏鍙楅珨鐨勭祼(ji茅)鍚堟槸鍙€嗙殑锛岀(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楄棩鍙垏婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ヤ簰鐩哥(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鑸囩浉鍚屽彈楂旂祼(ji茅)鍚�锛岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熺(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф姂鍒朵綔鐢�锛屽彲閫氶亷(gu貌)澧炲姞婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑婵冨害浣垮叾鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鎭㈠京(f霉)鍒板師鍏堝柈鐢ㄦ縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ユ檪(sh铆)鐨勬按骞筹紝浣挎縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑閲�-鏁堟洸绶氬钩琛屽彸绉�锛屼絾鍏舵渶澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)涓嶈畩锛岄€欐槸绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф姂鍒剁殑閲嶈鐗瑰緛.

銆€銆€(涓€)婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘�

銆€銆€鐐烘棦鏈夎Κ鍜屽姏鍙堟湁鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬х殑钘ョ墿锛屽畠鍊戣兘鑸囧彈楂旂祼(ji茅)鍚堝苟婵€鍕�(d貌ng)鍙楅珨鑰岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熸晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆備緷鍏跺収(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬уぇ灏忓張鍙垎鐐哄畬鍏ㄦ縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ュ拰閮ㄥ垎婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘�銆�

銆€銆€1.瀹屽叏婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ワ細鍏锋湁杓冨挤(qi谩ng)瑕拰鍔涘拰杓冨挤(qi谩ng)鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬э紝濡傚棊鍟�;

銆€銆€2.閮ㄥ垎婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ワ細鏈夎純寮�(qi谩ng)瑕拰鍔�锛屼絾鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬т笉寮�(qi谩ng)锛岃垏婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ュ苟鐢ㄩ倓鍙嫯鎶楁縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑閮ㄥ垎鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛屽鍣翠粬浣愯緵銆�

銆€銆€(浜�)鎷姉钘�——“鍗犺憲鑼呭潙涓嶆媺灞�”

銆€銆€鑳借垏鍙楅珨绲�(ji茅)鍚�锛屽叿鏈夎純寮�(qi谩ng)瑕拰鍔涜€岀劇(w煤)鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬х殑钘ョ墿銆傚畠鍊戞湰韬笉鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熶綔鐢�锛屼絾鍥犲崰鎿�(j霉)鍙楅珨鑰屾嫯鎶楁縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛屽绱嶆礇閰拰鏅悩娲涚埦鍧囧爆浜庢嫯鎶楄棩銆傚皯鏁�(sh霉)鎷姉钘ヤ互鎷姉浣滅敤鐐轰富锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)灏氭湁杓冨急鐨勫収(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�锛屾晠鏈夎純寮辩殑婵€鍕�(d貌ng)鍙楅珨浣滅敤锛屽β鍙楅珨鎷姉钘ユ哀鐑礇鐖�銆�

銆€銆€pA2鍊煎叾瀵�(sh铆)鎸囩殑鏄嫯鎶楄棩锛氱(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楄棩鑸囧彈楂旂殑瑕拰鍔涘彲鐢ㄦ嫯鎶楀弮鏁�(sh霉)(pA2)琛ㄧず锛屽叾鍚京鏄�锛屽湪鎷姉钘ュ瓨鍦ㄦ檪(sh铆)锛岃嫢2鍊嶆績搴︾殑婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ユ墍鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鎭板ソ绛変簬鏈姞鍏ユ嫯鎶楄棩鏅�(sh铆)婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛屽墖鎵€鍔犱汉鐨勬嫯鎶楄棩鐨勬懇鐖炬績搴︾殑璨�(f霉)灏�(du矛)鏁�(sh霉)鍗崇偤pA2銆俻A2鍊肩殑澶у皬鍙嶆槧绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楄棩灏�(du矛)鍏舵縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑鎷姉寮�(qi谩ng)搴�銆傝棩鐗╃殑pA2鍊艰秺澶э紝鍏舵嫯鎶椾綔鐢ㄨ秺寮�(qi谩ng)銆�

銆€銆€8銆佹嫯鎶楄棩鍙冩暩(sh霉)pA2鐨勫畾缇╂槸

銆€銆€A.浣挎縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ユ晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍔犲挤(qi谩ng)涓€鍊嶆檪(sh铆)鐨勬嫯鎶楄棩婵冨害鐨勮矤(f霉)灏�(du矛)鏁�(sh霉)

銆€銆€B.浣挎縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ユ晥鎳�(y墨ng)娓涘急涓€鍗婃檪(sh铆)鐨勬媹鎶楄棩婵冨害鐨勮矤(f霉)灏�(du矛)鏁�(sh霉)

銆€銆€C.浣垮姞鍊嶆績搴︾殑婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ヤ粛淇濇寔鍘熸湁鏁堟噳(y墨ng)寮�(qi谩ng)搴︾殑鎷姉钘ユ績搴︾殑璨�(f霉)灏�(du矛)鏁�(sh霉)

銆€銆€D.浣挎縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ユ晥鎳�(y墨ng)娓涘急鑷抽浂鏅�(sh铆)鐨勬嫯鎶楄棩婵冨害鐨勮矤(f霉)灏�(du矛)鏁�(sh霉)

銆€銆€E.浣垮姞鍊嶆績搴︾殑鎷姉钘ヤ粛淇濇寔鍘熸湁鏁堟噳(y墨ng)寮�(qi谩ng)搴︾殑婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ユ績搴︾殑璨�(f霉)灏�(du矛)鏁�(sh霉)

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楄棩鑸囧彈楂旂殑瑕拰鍔涘彲鐢ㄦ嫯鎶楀弮鏁�(sh霉)(pA2)琛ㄧず锛屽叾鍚京鏄細鍦ㄦ嫯鎶楄棩瀛樺湪鏅�(sh铆)锛岃嫢2鍊嶆績搴︾殑婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ユ墍鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鎭板ソ绛変簬鏈姞鍏ユ嫯鎶楄棩鏅�(sh铆)婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛屽墖鎵€鍔犲叆鐨勬嫯鎶楄棩鐨勬懇鐖炬績搴︾殑璨�(f霉)灏�(du矛)鏁�(sh霉)绋辩偤pA2鍊�銆俻A2鍊肩殑澶у皬鍙嶆槧绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楄棩灏�(du矛)鍏舵縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑鎷姉寮�(qi谩ng)搴�銆傝棩鐗╃殑pA2鍊艰秺澶�锛屽叾鎷姉浣滅敤瓒婂挤(qi谩ng)銆�

銆€銆€9銆佷笅鍒楅棞(gu膩n)浜庡彈楂旀嫯鎶楄棩鐨勬弿杩颁腑锛岄尟(cu貌)瑾ょ殑鏄�

銆€銆€A.鏈夎Κ鍜屽姏锛屾湁浜涘叿鏈夊収(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�

銆€銆€B.鐒�(w煤)婵€鍕�(d貌ng)鍙楅珨鐨勪綔鐢�

銆€銆€C.鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍣ㄥ畼蹇呭畾鍛堢従(xi脿n)鎶戝埗鏁堟噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€D.鑳芥嫯鎶楁縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ラ亷(gu貌)閲忕殑姣掓€у弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€E.鍙垏鍙楅珨绲�(ji茅)鍚堬紝鑰岄樆鏂锋縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ヨ垏鍙楅珨鐨勭祼(ji茅)鍚�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€鎷姉鍔戝彲鍒嗙偤鍏╃ó锛氫竴绋槸绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楀姂;涓€绋槸闈炵(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楀姂銆�

銆€銆€绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楀姂鍙垏婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ浉浜掔(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鑸囧彈楂旂祼(ji茅)鍚�锛岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熺(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎶戝埗浣滅敤锛屾檪(sh铆)婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑閲忔晥鏇茬窔骞宠鍙崇Щ锛屼絾鏄縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑鏈€澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)涓嶈畩銆�

銆€銆€闈炵(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楀姂鑸囧彈楂斿舰鎴愭瘮杓冪墷鍥虹殑绲�(ji茅)鍚�锛岃€岄樆姝簡婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ヨ垏鍙楅珨鐨勬甯哥祼(ji茅)鍚堬紝寰炶€屼娇鏈€澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)涓嬮檷銆�

銆€銆€鎵€浠ワ紝鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍣ㄥ畼蹇呭畾鍛堢従(xi脿n)鎶戝埗鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鏄嚌灏�(du矛)闈炵(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楀姂鑰岃█锛屽皪(du矛)浜庣(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楀姂涓嶆垚绔嬨€�

銆€銆€鍥犳C闋�(xi脿ng)瑾�(shu艒)娉曚笉瀹屽叏姝ｇ⒑銆�

銆€銆€A瑾�(shu艒)娉曠劇(w煤)瑾わ紝姣旇純婧�(zh菙n)纰�锛屼竴鑸矑(m茅i)鏈夋椿鎬�锛屾湁浜涙嫯鎶楀姂鏄湁鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬х殑锛屼緥濡�β鍙楅珨闃绘柗鍔�!鏈夊収(n猫i)鍦ㄧ殑鎿氦鎰熸椿鎬�!

銆€銆€AB閬搁爡(xi脿ng)涓嶇煕鐩�锛屽洜?y脿n)妾楀崜绠樷敍鐓炶瓋闁厼N锛氫竴绋槸绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楀姂;涓€绋槸闈炵(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楀姂銆傜(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楀姂鍙垏婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ浉浜掔(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鑸囧彈楂旂祼(ji茅)鍚�锛岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熺(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎶戝埗浣滅敤锛屼娇婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑閲忔晥鏇茬窔骞宠鍙崇Щ锛屼絾鏄縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑鏈€澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)涓嶈畩銆傞潪绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楀姂鑸囧彈楂斿舰鎴愭瘮杓冪墷鍥虹殑绲�(ji茅)鍚�锛岃€岄樆姝簡婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ヨ垏鍙楅珨鐨勬甯哥祼(ji茅)鍚�锛屽緸鑰屼娇鏈€澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)涓嬮檷銆傛墍浠B瑾�(shu艒)娉曟洿鍏ㄩ潰銆�

銆€銆€绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楀姂鍙垏婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ浉浜掔(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鑸囧彈楂旂祼(ji茅)鍚堬紝鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎶戝埗浣滅敤锛屾檪(sh铆)婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑閲忔晥鏇茬窔骞宠鍙崇Щ锛屼絾鏄縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑鏈€澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)涓嶈畩銆�

銆€銆€闈炵(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楀姂鑸囧彈楂斿舰鎴愭瘮杓冪墷鍥虹殑绲�(ji茅)鍚�锛岃€岄樆姝簡婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ヨ垏鍙楅珨鐨勬甯哥祼(ji茅)鍚�锛屽緸鑰屼娇鏈€澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)涓嬮檷銆�

銆€銆€鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍣ㄥ畼蹇呭畾鍛堢従(xi脿n)鎶戝埗鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鏄嚌灏�(du矛)闈炵(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楀姂鑰岃█锛屽皪(du矛)浜庣(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楀姂涓嶆垚绔嬨€�

銆€銆€姝よ檿C閬搁爡(xi脿ng)鏄晿杩伴尟(cu貌)瑾ょ殑銆�

銆€銆€鍙楅珨鎷姉钘�锛屾槸鍏锋湁杓冨挤(qi谩ng)鐨勮Κ鍜屽姏鐨�锛屼絾鏄己涔忓収(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�锛屾晠涓嶈兘鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€浣嗘槸鍙堣(shu艒)锛氫絾鏄�锛岀敱浜庡叾鍗犳摎(j霉)浜嗕竴瀹氭暩(sh霉)閲忓彈楂旓紝鍙嶈€屽彲鎷姉婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑浣滅敤銆�

銆€銆€鑰屼笖锛屾湁浜涜棩鐗╀互鎷姉鐐轰富锛屼絾鏄倓鍏锋湁涓€瀹氭縺鍕�(d貌ng)鍙楅珨鏁堟噳(y墨ng)(閮ㄥ垎鎷姉钘�)

銆€銆€缍滃悎涓婅堪锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ヨ(shu艒)锛屾嫯鎶楄棩鏄叿鏈夎純寮�(qi谩ng)瑕拰鍔�锛岄儴鍒嗘嫯鎶楄棩鍏锋湁鏄湁鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�銆�

銆€銆€涓婅堪椤岀洰骞朵笉鍤�(y谩n)璎�(j菒n)锛屽缓璀版帉鎻＄煡璀�(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)!

銆€銆€10銆佸畬鍏ㄦ縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑姒傚康鏄�

銆€銆€A.鑸囧彈楂旀湁杓冨挤(qi谩ng)鐨勮Κ鍜屽姏鍜岃純寮�(qi谩ng)鐨勫収(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�

銆€銆€B.鑸囧彈楂旀湁杓冨挤(qi谩ng)瑕拰鍔�锛岀劇(w煤)鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�

銆€銆€C.鑸囧彈楂旀湁杓冨急鐨勮Κ鍜屽姏鍜岃純寮辩殑鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�

銆€銆€D.鑸囧彈楂旀湁杓冨急鐨勮Κ鍜屽姏锛岀劇(w煤)鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�

銆€銆€E.浠ヤ笂閮戒笉灏�(du矛)

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細A

銆€銆€钘ョ墿灏�(du矛)鍙楅珨鏈夊緢楂樼殑瑕拰鍔涘拰鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�锛岃垏鍙楅珨绲�(ji茅)鍚堝悗鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸渶澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)Emax锛岀ū鐐哄畬鍏ㄦ縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘�銆�

銆€銆€灏囨棦鏈夎Κ鍜屽姏鍙堟湁鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬х殑钘ョ墿绋辩偤婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘�锛屽畠鍊戣兘鑸囧彈楂旂祼(ji茅)鍚堝苟婵€娲诲彈楂旇€岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熸晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆傛牴鎿�(j霉)瑕拰鍔涘拰鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬э紝婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ュ張鑳藉垎鐐哄畬鍏ㄦ縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ュ拰閮ㄥ垎婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘�銆傚墠鑰呭皪(du矛)鍙楅珨鏈夊緢楂樼殑瑕拰鍔涘拰鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�(α=1)锛屽悗鑰呭皪(du矛)鍙楅珨鏈夊緢楂樼殑瑕拰鍔�锛屼絾鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬т笉寮�(qi谩ng)(α<1)锛岄噺-鏁堟洸绶氶珮搴�(Emax)杓冧綆锛屽嵆浣垮鍔犲姂閲�锛屼篃涓嶈兘閬�(d谩)鍒板畬鍏ㄦ縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑鏈€澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛岀浉鍙�锛屽嵒鍙洜瀹冨崰闋�(l菒ng)鍙楅珨锛岃€屾嫯鎶楁縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑閮ㄥ垎鐢熺悊鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€鍥犳锛孉鏁樿堪涓嶅毚(y谩n)璎�(j菒n)銆傚缓璀版偍鎺屾彙鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)鍗冲彲銆�

銆€銆€11銆佽棩鐗╄垏鐗圭暟鎬у彈楂旂祼(ji茅)鍚堝悗锛屽彲鑳芥縺鍕�(d貌ng)鍙楅珨锛屼篃鍙兘闃绘柗鍙楅珨锛岄€欏彇姹轰簬

銆€銆€A.钘ョ墿鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ挤(qi谩ng)搴�

銆€銆€B.钘ョ墿鍔戦噺鐨勫ぇ灏�

銆€銆€C.钘ョ墿鐨勬补/姘村垎閰嶇郴鏁�(sh霉)

銆€銆€D.钘ョ墿鏄惁鍏锋湁瑕拰鍔�

銆€銆€E.钘ョ墿鏄惁鍏锋湁鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細E

銆€銆€钘ョ墿鑸囩壒鐣版€у彈楂旂祼(ji茅)鍚堝悗锛屽叿鏈夊収(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬х殑鐐�“婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘�”锛屼笉鍏锋湁鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬х殑鐐�“鎷姉钘�”銆�

銆€銆€12銆佸皪(du矛)鍙楅珨瑕拰鍔涢珮鐨勮棩鐗╁湪姗�(j墨)楂斿収(n猫i)

銆€銆€A.鎺掓硠鎱�

銆€銆€B.璧锋晥蹇�

銆€銆€C.鍚告敹蹇�

銆€銆€D.鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熶綔鐢ㄦ墍闇€鐨勬績搴﹁純浣�

銆€銆€E.鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熶綔鐢ㄦ墍闇€婵冨害杓冮珮

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D

銆€銆€鍙楅珨瑕拰鍔涢珮鐨勮棩鐗╂棦鏄湪姗�(j墨)楂斿収(n猫i)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熶綔鐢ㄦ墍闇€鐨勬績搴﹁純浣庣殑钘ョ墿銆�

銆€銆€鍙楅珨瑕拰鍔涚殑楂樹綆灏�(du矛)鎺掓硠娌�(m茅i)鏈夊奖闊�銆�

銆€銆€13銆佷笅鍒楅棞(gu膩n)浜庡彈楂旂殑璜栬堪涓尟(cu貌)瑾ょ殑鏄�

銆€銆€A.鍙楅珨鏄敓鐗╅€�(j矛n)鍖栭亷(gu貌)绋嬩腑褰㈡垚骞堕伜鍌充笅渚�(l谩i)鐨�

銆€銆€B.鍙楅珨鍦ㄩ珨鍏�(n猫i)鏈夌壒瀹氱殑鍒嗗竷榛�(di菐n)

銆€銆€C.鍙楅珨鏁�(sh霉)鐩劇(w煤)闄�

銆€銆€D.鍒嗗竷浜庡悇鍣ㄥ畼鐨勫彈楂斿皪(du矛)閰嶉珨鏁忔劅鎬ф湁宸暟

銆€銆€E.鍙楅珨鏄京(f霉)鍚堣泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鍒嗗瓙锛屽彲鏂伴櫝浠ｈ瑵

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€鍙楅珨鍏锋湁椋藉拰鎬э細鍙楅珨鏁�(sh霉)閲忔槸鏈夐檺鐨勶紝鍏惰兘绲�(ji茅)鍚堢殑閰嶉珨閲忎篃鏄湁闄愮殑锛屽洜姝ゅ彈楂斿叿鏈夐＝鍜屾€э紝鍦ㄨ棩鐗╃殑浣滅敤涓婂弽鏄犵偤鏈€澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€14銆佷笅鍒楅棞(gu膩n)浜庡彈楂旂殑鏁樿堪锛屾纰虹殑鏄�

銆€銆€A.鍙楅珨鏄竴椤炰粙灏�(d菐o)绱�(x矛)鑳炰俊铏�(h脿o)杞�(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)鐨勫姛鑳借泲鐧借唱(zh矛)

銆€銆€B.鍙楅珨閮芥槸绱�(x矛)鑳炶啘涓婄殑铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)

銆€銆€C.鍙楅珨鏄伜鍌冲熀鍥犵敓鎴愮殑锛屽叾鍒嗗竷瀵嗗害鏄浐瀹氫笉璁婄殑

銆€銆€D.鍙楅珨鑸囬厤楂旂祼(ji茅)鍚堝悗閮藉紩璧疯垐濂€ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€E.钘ョ墿閮芥槸閫氶亷(gu貌)婵€鍕�(d貌ng)鎴栨姂鍒剁浉鎳�(y墨ng)鍙楅珨鑰岀櫦(f膩)鎻綔鐢ㄧ殑

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細A

銆€銆€鍙楅珨鏄竴椤炰粙灏�(d菐o)绱�(x矛)鑳炰俊铏�(h脿o)杞�(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)鐨勫姛鑳借泲鐧借唱(zh矛)锛岃兘璀�(sh铆)鍒ュ懆鍦嶇挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑鐨勬煇浜涘井閲忓寲瀛�(xu茅)鐗╄唱(zh矛)锛岄鍏堣垏涔嬬祼(ji茅)鍚�锛屽苟閫氶亷(gu貌)涓粙鐨勪俊鎭斁澶х郴绲�(t菕ng)锛屽绱�(x矛)鑳炲収(n猫i)绗簩淇′娇鐨勬斁澶�銆佸垎鍖栥€佹暣鍚�锛岃Ц鐧�(f膩)鍚庣簩(x霉)鐨勮棩鐞嗘晥鎳�(y墨ng)鎴栫敓鐞嗗弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€鍚屼竴鍙楅珨鍙唬娉涘垎甯冧簬涓嶅悓绲勭箶鎴栧悓涓€绲勭箶涓嶅悓鍗€(q奴)鍩燂紝鍙楅珨瀵嗗害涓嶅悓锛屽彈楂斿妯ｆ€ф槸鍙楅珨浜炲瀷鍒嗛鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)锛屽彈楂斿彈鐢熺悊锛岀梾鐞嗗拰钘ョ墿鍥犵礌瑾�(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)銆傝檿浜庡嫊(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)璁婂寲涔嬩腑銆傚洜姝涓嶅皪(du矛)銆�

銆€銆€15銆佷笅鍒楄棩鐗╀腑娌荤檪鎸囨暩(sh霉)鏈€澶х殑鏄�

銆€銆€A.A钘D50=50mg ED50=5mg

銆€銆€B.B钘D50=100mg ED50=50mg

銆€銆€C.C钘D50=500mg ED50=250mg

銆€銆€D.D钘D50=50mg ED50=10mg

銆€銆€E.E钘D50=100mg ED50=25mg

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細A

銆€銆€娌荤檪鎸囨暩(sh霉)=鍗婃暩(sh霉)鑷存閲�/鍗婃暩(sh霉)鏈夋晥閲�

銆€銆€娌荤檪鎸囨暩(sh霉)=LD50 / ED50 锛屾墍浠钘ユ不鐧傛寚鏁�(sh霉)=10銆傜偤椤屼腑鏈€澶с€�

銆€銆€16銆佹煇鐥呬汉鏈嶇敤浣庝簬娌荤檪鍔戦噺鐨勮棩鐗╂檪(sh铆)渚垮彲鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熻┎钘ョ殑钘ョ悊鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍜屼笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄€欐槸鐢变簬

銆€銆€A.鑰愬彈鎬�

銆€銆€B.閬�(gu貌)鏁忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)(璁婃厠(t脿i)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))

銆€銆€C.鍊�(g猫)楂斿樊鐣�

銆€銆€D.绻肩櫦(f膩)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€E.蹇€熻€愬彈鎬�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€閫欑ó鐝�(xi脿n)璞″爆浜庢偅鑰呭皪(du矛)钘ョ墿鐨勯珮鏁忔€ч€犳垚鐨勶紝鏄€�(g猫)楂斿樊鐣扮殑涓€绋�銆�

銆€銆€璁婃厠(t脿i)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)涔熷彨瓒呮晱鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屾槸鎸囨(j墨)楂斿皪(du矛)鏌愪簺鎶楀師鍒濇鎳�(y墨ng)绛斿悗锛屽啀娆℃帴鍙楃浉鍚屾姉鍘熷埡婵€鏅�(sh铆)锛岀櫦(f膩)鐢熺殑涓€绋互姗�(j墨)楂旂敓鐞嗗姛鑳界磰浜傛垨绲勭箶绱�(x矛)鑳炴悕鍌风偤涓荤殑鐗圭暟鎬у厤鐤噳(y墨ng)绛�銆備汉鍊�?n猫i)绮橈汲榫呴檷閽犮仱w閬�(gu貌)鏁忥紝鐨啔楱风櫌銆佺磪鑵�锛屽氨鏄竴绋畩鎱�(t脿i)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€璁婃厠(t脿i)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)涔熷彲浠ョū涔嬬偤閬�(gu貌)鏁忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€“鏌愮梾浜烘湇鐢ㄤ綆浜庢不鐧傚姂閲忕殑钘ョ墿鏅�(sh铆)渚垮彲鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熻┎钘ョ殑钘ョ悊鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍜屼笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄€欐槸鐢变簬”灏辨槸瑾�(shu艒)鐥呬汉鍦ㄧ敤灏忎簬姝ｅ父娌荤檪鍔戦噺鐨勮棩灏遍仈(d谩)鍒颁簡姝ｅ父鐨勮棩鏁堛€�

銆€銆€姝ら瑭查伕C.鍊�(g猫)楂斿樊鐣�

銆€銆€17銆丅钘ユ瘮A钘ュ畨鍏ㄧ殑渚濇摎(j霉)鏄�

銆€銆€A.B钘ョ殑LD50姣擜钘ュぇ

銆€銆€B.B钘ョ殑LD50姣擜钘ュ皬

銆€銆€C.B钘ョ殑娌荤檪鎸囨暩(sh霉)姣擜钘ュぇ

銆€銆€D.B钘ョ殑娌荤檪鎸囨暩(sh霉)姣擜钘ュ皬

銆€銆€E.B钘ョ殑鏈€澶ц€愬彈閲忔瘮A钘ュぇ

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€娌荤檪鎸囨暩(sh霉)澶х殑钘ョ墿瀹夊叏鎬ч珮銆�

銆€銆€鏄殑锛孉B閮芥槸閷�(cu貌)鍦ㄩ€欏€�(g猫)鍦版柟

銆€銆€娌荤檪鎸囨暩(sh霉)(TI)锛氳棩鐗╃殑鍗婃暩(sh霉)鑷存閲�(LD50)鍜屽崐鏁�(sh霉)鏈夋晥閲�(ED50)鐨勬瘮鍊�锛屼唬琛ㄨ棩鐗╃殑瀹夊叏鎬�锛屾鏁�(sh霉)鍊艰秺澶ц秺瀹夊叏銆�

銆€銆€18銆佹不鐧傛寚鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬剰缇╂槸

銆€銆€A.娌荤檪閲忚垏涓嶆甯稿弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐜囦箣姣�

銆€銆€B.娌荤檪鍔戦噺鑸囦腑姣掑姂閲忎箣姣�

銆€銆€C.LD50/ED50

銆€銆€D.ED50/LD50

銆€銆€E.钘ョ墿閬╂噳(y墨ng)璀夌殑鏁�(sh霉)鐩�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€鍖栫檪鎸囨暩(sh霉)鍗虫不鐧傛寚鏁�(sh霉)瑭�(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)钘ョ墿鐨勫畨鍏ㄦ€�锛岄€氬父鐢ㄦ煇钘ョ殑鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╁崐鏁�(sh霉)鑷存閲�(LD50)鑸囪┎钘ュ皪(du矛)鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╃殑鍗婃暩(sh霉)鏈夋晥閲�(ED50)鐨勬瘮鍊间締(l谩i)琛ㄧず锛屾姣斿€肩ū鍖栫檪鎸囨暩(sh霉)銆�

銆€銆€19銆佷笅鍒楀彲琛ㄧず钘ョ墿瀹夊叏鎬х殑鍙冩暩(sh霉)鏄�

銆€銆€A.鏈€灏忔湁鏁堥噺

銆€銆€B.妤甸噺

銆€銆€C.娌荤檪鎸囨暩(sh霉)

銆€銆€D.鍗婃暩(sh霉)鑷存閲�

銆€銆€E.鍗婃暩(sh霉)鏈夋晥閲�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€鍖栫檪鎸囨暩(sh霉)鍗虫不鐧傛寚鏁�(sh霉)瑭�(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)钘ョ墿鐨勫畨鍏ㄦ€э紝閫氬父鐢ㄦ煇钘ョ殑鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╁崐鏁�(sh霉)鑷存閲�(LD50)鑸囪┎钘ュ皪(du矛)鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╃殑鍗婃暩(sh霉)鏈夋晥閲�(ED50)鐨勬瘮鍊间締(l谩i)琛ㄧず锛屾姣斿€肩ū鍖栫檪鎸囨暩(sh霉)?锛涱嚖鐔ょ瑬?sh霉)瓒婂ぇ锛岃〃绀鸿┎钘ョ殑鐧傛晥瓒婂ソ锛屾瘨鎬ц秺灏�銆�

銆€銆€姝ら鏈€浣崇瓟妗圕銆�

銆€銆€甯镐互钘ョ墿L(f膿ng)D50鑸嘐D50鐨勬瘮鍊艰〃绀鸿棩鐗╃殑瀹夊叏鎬�锛岀ū鐐烘不鐧傛寚鏁�(sh霉)(therapeutic銆€index锛孴I)锛屾鏁�(sh霉)鍊艰秺澶ц秺瀹夊叏銆�

銆€銆€鍗婃暩(sh霉)鏈夋晥閲�(ED50)鏄寚寮曡捣50%闄�(y谩ng)鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)(璩�(zh矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))鎴�50%鏈€澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)(閲忓弽鎳�(y墨ng))鐨勬績搴︽垨鍔戦噺銆傚垎鍒ョ敤鍗婃暩(sh霉)鏈夋晥婵冨害(EC50)鍙婂崐鏁�(sh霉)鏈夋晥鍔戦噺(ED50)琛ㄧず銆傚鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鎸囨(bi膩o)鐐洪鍘ユ垨姝讳骸锛屽墖鍒嗗垾绋辩偤鍗婃暩(sh霉)椹氬帴閲�(50%銆€convulsion銆€dose)鎴栧崐鏁�(sh霉)鑷存閲�(50%銆€lethal銆€dose锛孡D50)銆�

銆€銆€20銆佸咕绋棩鐗╃浉姣旇純鏅�(sh铆)锛岃棩鐗╃殑LD50瓒婂ぇ锛屽墖鍏�

銆€銆€A.姣掓€ц秺澶�

銆€銆€B.姣掓€ц秺灏�

銆€銆€C.瀹夊叏鎬ц秺灏�

銆€銆€D.瀹夊叏鎬ц秺澶�

銆€銆€E.娌荤檪鎸囨暩(sh霉)瓒婇珮

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B

銆€銆€璩�(zh矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)涓棩鐗╃殑LD50寮曡捣鍗婃暩(sh霉)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╂浜＄殑鍔戦噺绋卞崐鏁�(sh霉)鑷存閲�銆傚叾鏁�(sh霉)鍊艰秺澶ц瓑鏄庢瘨鎬ц秺灏�銆�

銆€銆€LD50:鍦ㄦ瘨鐞嗗(xu茅)涓寚鍗婃暩(sh霉)鑷存閲�锛屾槸鎻忚堪鏈夋瘨鐗╄唱(zh矛)鎴栬蓟灏勭殑姣掓€х殑甯哥敤鎸囨(bi膩o);鎸囪兘娈烘涓€鍗婅│椹�(y脿n)绺介珨鐨勫姂閲�銆�

銆€銆€鎿�(j霉)姝�锛岃兘娈烘涓€鍗婅│椹�(y脿n)绺介珨鐨勫姂閲忚秺灏�锛岃〃鏄庡叾姣掓€ц秺澶�(鍥�?y脿n)妤硅媽鍊儰娑傛ⅱ瑭衡懞鍔崇懐浣ｅ棢鑴戝浖?y脿n)鍊�(g猫)楂�)銆�

銆€銆€姝ら绛旀鎳�(y墨ng)瑭叉槸B.

銆€銆€鎳�(y墨ng)瑭︽寚鍗椾笂鍙┏杩颁簡銆€LD50寮曡捣鍗婃暩(sh霉)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╂浜＄殑鍔戦噺绋卞崐鏁�(sh霉)鑷存閲忋€傚叾鏁�(sh霉)鍊艰秺澶ц瓑鏄庢瘨鎬ц秺灏�.

銆€銆€浣嗘槸瀹夊叏鎬х殑瑭�(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)涓嶆槸鍠磾鐨勫垽鏂峰畠鐨勬瘨鎬уぇ灏�锛岃€屾槸瑕佺湅鍗婃暩(sh霉)鑷存閲�(LD50)鍜屽崐鏁�(sh霉)鏈夋晥閲�(ED50)鐨勬瘮鍊�锛屼篃灏辨槸娌荤檪鎸囨暩(sh霉)(TI)銆�

銆€銆€娌荤檪鎸囨暩(sh霉)(TI)锛氳棩鐗╃殑鍗婃暩(sh霉)鑷存閲�(LD50)鍜屽崐鏁�(sh霉)鏈夋晥閲�(ED50)鐨勬瘮鍊�锛屼唬琛ㄨ棩鐗╃殑瀹夊叏鎬�锛屾鏁�(sh霉)鍊艰秺澶ц秺瀹夊叏銆�

銆€銆€绨�(ji菐n)鍠悊瑙ｅ氨鏄紩璧峰崐鏁�(sh霉)鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╂浜＄殑閲忚秺澶у叾姣掓€ф槸瓒婂皬鐨�

銆€銆€鍗婃暩(sh霉)鑷存閲�(median lethal dose锛� LD50)锛氳〃绀哄湪瑕�(gu墨)瀹氭檪(sh铆)闁撳収(n猫i)锛岄€氶亷(gu貌)鎸囧畾鎰熸煋閫斿緫锛屼娇涓€瀹氶珨閲嶆垨骞撮健鐨勬煇绋嫊(d貌ng)鐗╁崐鏁�(sh霉)姝讳骸鎵€闇€鏈€灏忕窗(x矛)鑿屾暩(sh霉)鎴栨瘨绱犻噺銆傚湪姣掔悊瀛�(xu茅)涓�锛屽崐鏁�(sh霉)鑷存閲忥紝绨�(ji菐n)绋盠D50(鍗矻ethal Dose, 50%)锛屾槸鎻忚堪鏈夋瘨鐗╄唱(zh矛)鎴栬蓟灏勭殑姣掓€х殑甯哥敤鎸囨(bi膩o)銆�

銆€銆€涓€鑸儏娉佷笅锛屽崐鏁�(sh霉)鑷存閲忚秺澶�锛屾瘨鎬ц秺灏�銆傚涓€绋棩鐗〢寮曡捣鏌愮ó鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╁崐鏁�(sh霉)姝讳骸鍔戦噺鐐�10g,鍗矨钘ョ墿灏�(d菐o)鑷磋┎绋嫊(d貌ng)鐗╂浜＄殑鍔戦噺鐐�10g;鍙﹀涓€绋棩鐗〣寮曡捣鏌愮ó鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╁崐鏁�(sh霉)姝讳骸鍔戦噺鐐�200g锛屽嵆钘ョ墿B灏�(d菐o)鑷磋┎绋嫊(d貌ng)鐗╂浜＄殑鍔戦噺鐐�200g銆傜敱姝ゅ彲鐭ワ紝B钘ョ墿灏�(d菐o)鑷磋┎绋嫊(d貌ng)鐗╂浜＄殑姣掑姂閲忚澶氫簬A钘ョ墿锛屽嵆B钘ョ墿鐨勬瘨鎬х浉灏�(du矛)灏忥紝鑰孉钘ョ墿浠ユ洿灏忛噺鍗冲彲浠ユ姝诲悓閲忕殑鍕�(d貌ng)鐗�锛岄’鐒�锛孉姣掓€уぇ!

銆€銆€21銆佽棩鐗╃殑鍗婃暩(sh霉)鑷存閲�(LD50)鐢ㄤ互琛ㄧず

銆€銆€A.鎶楃敓绱犳姝讳竴鍗婄窗(x矛)鑿岀殑鍔戦噺

銆€銆€B.鎶楀瘎鐢熻煵钘ユ姝讳竴鍗婂瘎鐢熻煵鐨勫姂閲�

銆€銆€C.鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷毚(y谩n)閲嶅壇浣滅敤鐨勫姂閲�

銆€銆€D.寮曡捣鍗婃暩(sh霉)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╂浜＄殑鍔戦噺

銆€銆€E.鑷存閲忕殑涓€鍗�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D

銆€銆€璩�(zh矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)涓棩鐗╃殑LD50寮曡捣鍗婃暩(sh霉)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╂浜＄殑鍔戦噺绋卞崐鏁�(sh霉)鑷存閲忋€�

銆€銆€22銆佽唱(zh矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)涓棩鐗╃殑ED50鏄寚钘ョ墿

銆€銆€A.寮曡捣鏈€澶ф晥鑳�50%鐨勫姂閲�

銆€銆€B.寮曡捣50%鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╅櫧(y谩ng)鎬ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫姂閲�

銆€銆€C.鍜�50%鍙楅珨绲�(ji茅)鍚堢殑鍔戦噺

銆€銆€D.閬�(d谩)鍒�50%鏈夋晥琛€婵冨害鐨勫姂閲�

銆€銆€E.寮曡捣50%鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╀腑姣掔殑鍔戦噺

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B

銆€銆€璩�(zh矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)涓棩鐗╃殑ED50鏄寚钘ョ墿寮曡捣50%鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╅櫧(y谩ng)鎬ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫姂閲�锛岀ū鍗婃暩(sh霉)鏈夋晥閲�銆�

銆€銆€鍗婃暩(sh霉)鏈夋晥閲�(ED50)锛氭寚鍗婃暩(sh霉)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╁嚭鐝�(xi脿n)闄�(y谩ng)鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮棩鐗╁姂閲�銆�

銆€銆€鍗婃暩(sh霉)鑷存閲�(LD50)锛氭寚鍗婃暩(sh霉)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╂浜＄殑钘ョ墿鍔戦噺銆�

銆€銆€23銆佽唱(zh矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鏇茬窔鍙互鐐虹敤钘ユ彁渚涚殑鍙冭€冩槸

銆€銆€A.钘ョ墿鐨勬瘨鎬ф€ц唱(zh矛)

銆€銆€B.钘ョ墿鐨勭檪鏁堝ぇ灏�

銆€銆€C.钘ョ墿鐨勫畨鍏ㄨ寖鍦�

銆€銆€D.钘ョ墿鐨勭郸钘ユ柟妗�

銆€銆€E.钘ョ墿鐨勯珨鍏�(n猫i)閬�(gu貌)绋�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€閲忔晥鏇茬窔涓鏂滅巼杓冮櫋鐨勬彁绀鸿棩鏁堣純寮�(qi谩ng)锛岃純骞冲潶鐨勬彁绀鸿棩鏁堣純婧拰銆傚湪璩�(zh矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鏇茬窔锛屾枩鐜囪純闄＄殑鏇茬窔鎻愮ず鍊�(g猫)楂斿樊鐣拌純灏�銆傛牴鎿�(j霉)璩�(zh矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鎵€閲囩敤鐨勬寚妯�(bi膩o)鐨勪笉鍚岋紝鍙垎鍒ラ€氶亷(gu貌)璩�(zh矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬洸绶氭眰鍑哄崐鏁�(sh霉)鏈夋晥閲忔垨鍗婃暩(sh霉)鑷存閲�锛屽張鍥犳不鐧傛寚鏁�(sh霉)=鍗婃暩(sh霉)鑷存閲�/鍗婃暩(sh霉)鏈夋晥閲�锛屾晠鍙弽鏄犺棩鐗╃殑瀹夊叏鑼冨湇銆�

銆€銆€24銆佷笅鍒楅棞(gu膩n)浜庤棩鐗╀綔鐢ㄦ(j墨)鍒剁殑鎻忚堪涓笉姝ｇ⒑鐨勬槸

銆€銆€A.褰遍熆闆㈠瓙閫氶亾

銆€銆€B.骞叉摼绱�(x矛)鑳炵墿璩�(zh矛)浠ｈ瑵閬�(gu貌)绋�

銆€銆€C.灏�(du矛)鏌愪簺閰舵湁鎶戝埗鎴栦績閫�(j矛n)浣滅敤

銆€銆€D.褰卞晩绱�(x矛)鑳炶啘鐨勯€氶€忔€ф垨淇冮€�(j矛n)銆佹姂鍒堕仦璩�(zh矛)鐨勯噵鏀�

銆€銆€E.鏀硅畩钘ョ墿鐨勭敓鐗╁埄鐢ㄥ害

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細E

銆€銆€鐢熺墿鍒╃敤搴﹀嵆鎸囩敱绲﹁棩閮ㄤ綅閫�(j矛n)鍏ュ惊鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勮棩鐗╃浉灏�(du矛)閲�锛屽奖闊垮埌钘ョ墿浣滅敤鐨勫揩鎱㈠拰寮�(qi谩ng)寮�銆�

銆€銆€钘ョ墿鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ(j墨)鍒惰憲閲嶆帰瑷庤棩鐗╁浣曞紩璧锋(j墨)楂斾綔鐢ㄣ€傛敼璁婅棩鐗╃殑鐢熺墿鍒╃敤搴︿笉灞簬钘ョ墿鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ(j墨)鍒舵帰瑷庣殑鑼冨湇銆�

銆€銆€25銆佽垏钘ョ墿閬�(gu貌)鏁忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)闂�(gu膩n)绯昏純澶х殑鏄�

銆€銆€A.鍔戦噺澶у皬

銆€銆€B.钘ョ墿姣掓€уぇ灏�

銆€銆€C.钘ョ墿鍔戝瀷

銆€銆€D.骞撮健鎬у垾

銆€銆€E.鎮ｈ€呴珨璩�(zh矛)

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細E

銆€銆€璁婃厠(t脿i)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鏄寚姗�(j墨)楂斿彈钘ョ墿鍒烘縺鎵€鐧�(f膩)鐢熺殑鐣板父鍏嶇柅鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽彲寮曡捣姗�(j墨)楂旂敓鐞嗗姛鑳介殰绀欐垨绲勭箶鎼嶅偡锛屽張绋辩偤閬�(gu貌)鏁忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄€欑ó鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鑸囪棩鐗╁姂閲忕劇(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)鎴栭棞(gu膩n)绯诲緢灏戯紝鍦ㄦ不鐧傞噺鎴栨サ灏戦噺鏅�(sh铆)鍗冲彲鐧�(f膩)鐢�锛屽寰噺鐨勯潚闇夌礌鍙紩璧烽亷(gu貌)鏁忔€т紤鍏嬨€�

銆€銆€姝ら纰哄(sh铆)鏄湁浜涚壗寮�(qi谩ng)锛� 閬�(gu貌)鏁忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)鑸囪棩鐗╂瘨鎬уぇ灏忛棞(gu膩n)绯讳笉澶э紝姣掓€уぇ灏忓拰鍔戦噺鏈夐棞(gu膩n)锛岃€岄亷(gu貌)鏁忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)鑸囧姂閲忓熀鏈劇(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)锛岀敱鎺掗櫎娉曞彲鐭�锛岃┎椤屾渶浣抽伕闋�(xi脿ng)鏄疎銆傝垏骞撮健鎬у垾鐒�(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)銆傝€屾槸鑸囩梾浜虹殑楂旇唱(zh矛)鏈夐棞(gu膩n)銆�

銆€銆€钘ョ墿閬�(gu貌)鏁忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)鏄棩鐗╃涓€娆￠€�(j矛n)鍏ユ(j墨)楂斿悗锛屽埡婵€鍏嶇柅绯荤当(t菕ng)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺浉鎳�(y墨ng)鎶楅珨(鎴栬嚧鏁忔穻宸寸窗(x矛)鑳�)锛屽彧鏈夌暥(d膩ng)閫欑ó钘ョ墿鍐嶆閫�(j矛n)鍏ヤ汉楂旀檪(sh铆)鎵嶆渻(hu矛)寮曠櫦(f膩)璁婃厠(t脿i)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屼篃灏辨槸瑾�(shu艒)涓€鑸槸鍏╂浠ヤ笂鐢ㄨ棩鎵嶆渻(hu矛)鐧�(f膩)鐢熼亷(gu貌)鏁�銆傛敐鍏ヨ棩鐗╃殑娆℃暩(sh霉)瓒婂锛岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熼亷(gu貌)鏁忕殑鍙兘鎬ц秺澶�銆�

銆€銆€闄ゅ彛鏈嶆垨娉ㄥ皠澶�锛屽叾浠栭€斿緫鐢ㄨ棩涔熸渻(hu矛)閬�(gu貌)鏁�锛屽鍚湇銆侀湩鍖栧惛鍏ャ€佹不鐧傜墮鐥呯敤鐨勫収(n猫i)濉炶棩鍜屽厖濉姂锛屼互鍙婂悇绋€犲奖鐢ㄧ殑纰樺埗鍔�锛屽潎鍙兘寮曠櫦(f膩)鍏ㄨ韩鎬ч亷(gu貌)鏁忓弽

銆€銆€鎵€浠ヨ€冩叜姝ら鏈夌枒鍟�(w猫n)锛屼絾鏄€氶亷(gu貌)鍒ゆ柗鏄笉鑳介伕D鐨勶紝娌�(m茅i)鏈夐偅鍊�(g猫)钘ョ墿锛屽コ鎬ч亷(gu貌)鏁�锛岀敺鎬т笉閬�(gu貌)鏁忕殑!

銆€銆€姝らE閬搁爡(xi脿ng)鏈韩灏辨槸姝ｇ⒑鐨勶紝鐢ㄨ棩閫斿緫涔熸槸褰遍熆钘ョ墿鐨勯亷(gu貌)鏁忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨�銆�

銆€銆€濡傛灉姝らD閬搁爡(xi脿ng)鏀圭偤鍊�(g猫)楂斿樊鐣�锛屼究鍙互閬告搰鐨勩€�

銆€銆€26銆佸悗閬烘晥鎳�(y墨ng)鏄寚

銆€銆€A.澶у姂閲忎笅鍑虹従(xi脿n)鐨勪笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€B.琛€钘ユ績搴﹀凡闄嶈嚦鏈€浣庢湁鏁堟績搴︿互涓�锛屼粛娈樺瓨鐨勭敓鐗╂晥鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€C.娌荤檪鍔戦噺涓嬪嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勪笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€D.鍍呯櫦(f膩)鐢熶簬鍊�(g猫)鍒ヤ汉鐨勪笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€E.绐佺劧鍋滆棩鍚�锛屽師鏈夌柧鐥呭啀娆″嚭鐝�(xi脿n)骞跺姞鍔�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B

銆€銆€鍚庨伜鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鎸囧湪鍋滆棩鍚庤钘ユ績搴﹀凡闄嶄綆鑷虫渶浣庢湁鏁堟績搴︿互涓嬫檪(sh铆)浠嶆畼瀛樼殑钘ョ悊鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€27銆佸皪(du矛)浜庤棩鐗╂瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬弿杩颁腑閷�(cu貌)瑾ょ殑鏄�

銆€銆€A.涓€娆℃€х敤钘ュ姂閲忛亷(gu貌)澶�

銆€銆€B.闀�(zh菐ng)鏈熺敤钘ラ€愭几钃勭⿳

銆€銆€C.鐥呬汉灞簬閬�(gu貌)鏁忔€ч珨璩�(zh矛)

銆€銆€D.鐥呬汉鑲濊厧鍔熻兘浣庝笅

銆€銆€E.楂樻晱鎬х梾浜�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€姣掓€у弽鎳�(y墨ng) 閫欐槸鎸囧湪钘ョ墿鍔戦噺閬�(gu貌)澶ф垨楂斿収(n猫i)钃勭⿳閬�(gu貌)澶氭檪(sh铆)鐧�(f膩)鐢熺殑鍗卞姗�(j墨)楂旂殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屼竴鑸純鐐哄毚(y谩n)閲�銆�

銆€銆€姝ら涓€瀹氳娉ㄦ剰锛氱梾浜哄爆浜庨亷(gu貌)鏁忔€ч珨璩�(zh矛)鑸囬珮鏁忔€х梾浜轰笉鏄竴鍊�(g猫)姒傚康锛�

銆€銆€涓€鑸槸灏囧鏄撶櫦(f膩)鐢熼亷(gu貌)鏁忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜屽緱閬�(gu貌)鏁忔€х柧鐥呰€屽張鎵句笉鍒扮櫦(f膩)鐥呭師鍥犵殑浜�锛岀ū涔嬬偤 “ 閬�(gu貌)鏁忔€ч珨璩�(zh矛) ” 銆�

銆€銆€楂樻晱鎬х梾浜猴細鍊�(g猫)楂斾箣闁撶敤钘ョ殑鏁堟灉瀛樺湪鍊�(g猫)楂斿樊鐣�銆傛煇浜涗汉灏�(du矛)鏌愪簺钘ョ墿鐗瑰垾鏁忔劅锛屼娇鐢ㄥ皯閲忓氨鑳界敘(ch菐n)鐢熸槑椤殑鐧傛晥锛岀敤閲忕◢澶�锛屽氨鏈�(hu矛)鍑虹従(xi脿n)涓瘨鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€28銆佷笅灞摢绋姂閲忓彲鑳界敘(ch菐n)鐢熶笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€A.娌荤檪閲�

銆€銆€B.妤甸噺

銆€銆€C.涓瘨閲�

銆€銆€D.LD50

銆€銆€E.浠ヤ笂閮芥湁鍙兘

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細E

銆€銆€钘ョ墿鎵€鐢ㄧ殑鍒嗛噺绋辩偤鍔戦噺銆傚嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐧傛晥鎵€闇€鐨勬渶灏忓姂閲忕ū鐐烘渶灏忔湁鏁堥噺銆傞枊濮嬪嚭鐝�(xi脿n)涓瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬渶灏忓姂閲忕ū鐐烘渶灏忎腑姣掗噺銆傚湪鏈€灏忔湁鏁堥噺鍜屾渶灏忎腑姣掗噺涔嬮枔鍙敘(ch菐n)鐢熸湡鏈涚殑鐧傛晥鑰屽張涓嶆槗涓瘨鐨勫姂閲�锛岀ū鐐烘不鐧傞噺銆傚皪(du矛)鏌愪簺浣滅敤寮�(qi谩ng)鐑堟垨姣掓€ц純澶х殑钘ョ墿锛屽湪浣跨敤鏅�(sh铆)鎳�(y墨ng)娉ㄦ剰鍏舵サ閲�锛屾サ閲忔槸閬�(d谩)鍒版渶澶ф不鐧備綔鐢紝浣嗗皻鏈紩璧锋瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫姂閲�锛岃秴閬�(gu貌)浜嗘サ閲忓嵆鍙兘涓瘨銆傝秴閬�(gu貌)鏈€灏忎腑姣掗噺寮曡捣姣掓€у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫姂閲忕ū鐐轰腑姣掗噺銆傚紩璧峰崐鏁�(sh霉)鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╀腑姣掔殑鍔戦噺绋辩偤鍗婃暩(sh霉)涓瘨閲�;寮曡捣鍗婃暩(sh霉)鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╂浜＄殑鍔戦噺绋辩偤鍗婃暩(sh霉)鑷存閲忋€�

銆€銆€浠ヤ笂閫欎簺鍔戦噺鍧囨湁鍙兘寮曡捣涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€29銆佷互涓嬪摢闋�(xi脿ng)涓嶅爆浜庝笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€A.涔呮湇鍥涚挵(hu谩n)绱犲紩璧峰伣鑶滄€ц吀鐐�

銆€銆€B.鏈嶇敤楹婚粌鍫垮紩璧蜂腑妯炶垐濂櫏鐙€

銆€銆€C.鑲屾敞闈掗湁绱燝閴€楣藉紩璧峰眬閮ㄧ柤鐥�

銆€銆€D.鐪肩妾㈡煡鐢ㄥ悗棣墭鍝佸悗鐬冲瓟鎿�(ku貌)澶�

銆€銆€E.鍙ｆ湇纭濊嫰鍦板钩寮曡捣韪濋儴姘磋叓

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D

銆€銆€D灞簬娌荤檪浣滅敤銆傛垜鍊戠溂绉戞鏌ョ敤鍚庨Μ鎵樺搧灏辨槸鐐轰簡鐬冲瓟鎿�(ku貌)澶�锛屾槸鎴戝€戠敤钘ョ殑鐩殑銆�

銆€銆€鍚庨Μ鎵樺搧鏄溂绉戞鏌ヤ腑鐢ㄤ簬鏁ｇ灣锛屾槸灏堥杸鐨勬摯(ku貌)鐬宠棩銆傚洜姝わ紝鏄畠鐨勮嚚搴婅棩鐞嗕綔鐢ㄨ€岄潪涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€鏈嶇敤楹婚粌鍫垮紩璧蜂腑妯炶垐濂櫏鐙€锛岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熺簿绁炶垐濂€佸け鐪�銆佷笉瀹夊拰闇囬～绛夈€傛棦鏄畠鐨勮棩鐞嗕綔鐢ㄥ悓鏅�(sh铆)涔熸槸鍏朵笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€30銆佽倢娉ㄩ樋鎵樺搧娌荤檪鑵哥禐鐥�锛屽紩璧峰彛骞插爆浜�

銆€銆€A.娌荤檪浣滅敤

銆€銆€B.鍚庨伜鏁堟噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€C.璁婃厠(t脿i)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€D.姣掓€у弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€E.鍓綔鐢�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細E

銆€銆€鐔熺反鎺屾彙鍓綔鐢ㄧ殑姒傚康鍗冲彲銆�

銆€銆€31銆佸皪(du矛)钘ョ墿鍓綔鐢ㄧ殑姝ｇ⒑鎻忚堪鏄�

銆€銆€A.鐢ㄨ棩鍔戦噺閬�(gu貌)澶у紩璧风殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€B.钘ョ墿杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栫偤鎶楀師鍚庡紩璧风殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€C.鑸囨不鐧備綔鐢ㄥ彲浠ヤ簰鐩歌綁(zhu菐n)鍖栫殑浣滅敤

銆€銆€D.钘ョ墿娌荤檪鍚庢墍寮曡捣鐨勪笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€E.鐢ㄨ棩鏅�(sh铆)闁撻亷(gu貌)闀�(zh菐ng)鎵€寮曡捣鐨勪笉鑹悗鏋�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€渚嬪闃挎墭鍝佺敤浜庤В闄よ儍鑵哥棛鏀ｆ檪(sh铆)锛屾渻(hu矛)寮曡捣鍙ｅ共銆佸績鎮�銆佷究绉樼瓑鍓綔鐢�;鑰岀暥(d膩ng)鐢ㄤ簬楹婚唹鍓嶇郸钘ユ檪(sh铆)锛岄樋鎵樺搧娓涘皯鍛煎惛閬撳垎娉屽墖鍙互闃叉鍒嗘硨鐗╅樆濉炲懠鍚搁亾鍙婂惛鍏ユ€ц偤鐐庣殑鐧�(f膩)鐢熻€屾垚鐐烘不鐧備綔鐢紝鍏舵笡灏戣吅楂斿垎娉岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鍙ｅ共鍙堟垚鐐哄壇浣滅敤銆傜敱姝ゅ彲瑕�锛屾湁鏅�(sh铆)鍓綔鐢ㄥ拰娌荤檪浣滅敤涔嬮枔鏄彲浠ョ浉浜掕綁(zhu菐n)璁婄殑銆�

銆€銆€鍓綔鐢ㄦ槸鎸囧湪钘ョ墿娌荤檪鍔戦噺鏅�(sh铆)锛屽嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勮垏娌荤檪鐩殑鐒�(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)鐨勪笉閬╁弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傚壇浣滅敤鏄敱浜庤棩鐗╃殑閬告搰鎬т綆銆佷綔鐢ㄥ唬娉涘紩璧风殑锛屼竴鑸弽鎳�(y墨ng)杓冭紩寰�锛屽鏁�(sh霉)鍙互鎭㈠京(f霉)銆備緥濡傞樋鎵樺搧鐢ㄤ簬瑙ｉ櫎鑳冭吀鐥欐敚鏅�(sh铆)锛屾渻(hu矛)寮曡捣鍙ｅ共銆佸績鎮�銆佷究绉樼瓑鍓綔鐢�;鑰岀暥(d膩ng)鐢ㄤ簬楹婚唹鍓嶇郸钘ユ檪(sh铆)锛岄樋鎵樺搧娓涘皯鍛煎惛閬撳垎娉�锛屽墖鍙互闃叉鍒嗘硨鐗╅樆濉炲懠鍚搁亾鍙婂惛鍏ユ€ц偤鐐庣殑鐧�(f膩)鐢燂紝鑰屾垚鐐烘不鐧備綔鐢�锛屾笡灏戣吅楂斿垎娉岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鍙ｅ共鍙堟垚鐐哄壇浣滅敤銆傜敱姝ゅ彲瑕�锛屾湁鏅�(sh铆)鍓綔鐢ㄥ拰娌荤檪浣滅敤涔嬮枔鏄彲浠ョ浉浜掕綁(zhu菐n)璁婄殑銆�

銆€銆€涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鏄寚鎸夋甯哥敤娉�銆佺敤閲忔噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ棩鐗╅爯(y霉)闃层€佽ê鏂锋垨娌荤檪鐤剧梾閬�(gu貌)绋嬩腑锛岀櫦(f膩)鐢熻垏娌荤檪鐩殑鐒�(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)鐨勬湁瀹冲弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傝棩鐗╃殑涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍖呮嫭鍓綔鐢�銆佹瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽畩鎱�(t脿i)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸悗閬烘晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺辜鐧�(f膩)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆佺壒鐣拌唱(zh矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙�“涓夎嚧”(鑷寸檶銆佽嚧鐣搞€佽嚧绐佽畩)浣滅敤銆備竴鑸槸鍙爯(y霉)鐭ョ殑锛屼絾鏈夌殑鏄笉鍙伩鍏嶇殑锛屾湁鐨勫墖鏄洠浠ユ仮寰�(f霉)鐨�銆傚洜姝わ紝鍓綔鐢ㄦ槸钘ョ墿娌荤檪閬�(gu貌)绋嬩腑鎵€寮曡捣鐨勪笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€鍓綔鐢�(鍓弽鎳�(y墨ng))

銆€銆€姒傚康锛氭槸钘ョ墿鍦ㄦ不鐧傚姂閲忔檪(sh铆)鍑虹従(xi脿n)鐨勮垏娌荤檪鐩殑鐒�(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)鐨勪笉閬╃殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€鍓綔鐢ㄦ槸钘ョ墿鍥烘湁鍙堝彲闋�(y霉)鐭ョ殑浣滅敤锛屾槸钘ョ墿浣滅敤寤ｆ硾锛岄伕鎿囨€т綆閫犳垚鐨�锛屼竴鑸弽鎳�(y墨ng)杓曞井锛岃€屼笖闅ㄨ憲娌荤檪鐩殑涓嶅悓鍙互鐧�(f膩)鐢熻綁(zhu菐n)鍖�銆�

銆€銆€32銆佽棩鐗╃敘(ch菐n)鐢熷壇浣滅敤鐨勮棩鐞嗗(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)鏄�

銆€銆€A.钘ョ墿瀹夊叏鑼冨湇灏�

銆€銆€B.鐢ㄨ棩鍔戦噺閬�(gu貌)澶�

銆€銆€C.钘ョ悊浣滅敤鐨勯伕鎿囨€т綆

銆€銆€D.鐥呬汉鑲濊厧鍔熻兘宸�

銆€銆€E.鐥呬汉灏�(du矛)钘ョ墿閬�(gu貌)鏁�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€鍓綔鐢ㄦ寚鍦ㄨ棩鐗╂不鐧傚姂閲忔檪(sh铆)锛屽嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勮垏娌荤檪鐩殑鐒�(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)鐨勪笉閬╁弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傚壇浣滅敤鏄敱浜庤棩鐗╃殑閬告搰鎬т綆銆佷綔鐢ㄥ唬娉涘紩璧风殑锛屼竴鑸弽鎳�(y墨ng)杓冭紩寰紝澶氭暩(sh霉)鍙互鎭㈠京(f霉)銆�

銆€銆€33銆侀伕鎿囨€т綆鐨勮棩鐗�锛屽湪鑷ㄥ簥娌荤檪鏅�(sh铆)寰€寰€

銆€銆€A.姣掓€ц純澶�

銆€銆€B.鍓綔鐢ㄨ純澶�

銆€銆€C.閬�(gu貌)鏁忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)杓冨妵鐑�

銆€銆€D.鎴愮櫘杓冨ぇ

銆€銆€E.钘ョ悊浣滅敤杓冨急

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B

銆€銆€鍓綔鐢ㄦ寚鍦ㄨ棩鐗╂不鐧傚姂閲忔檪(sh铆)锛屽嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勮垏娌荤檪鐩殑鐒�(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)鐨勪笉閬╁弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傚壇浣滅敤鏄敱浜庤棩鐗╃殑閬告搰鎬т綆銆佷綔鐢ㄥ唬娉涘紩璧风殑锛屼竴鑸弽鎳�(y墨ng)杓冭紩寰�锛屽鏁�(sh霉)鍙互鎭㈠京(f霉)銆�

銆€銆€34銆佽棩鐗╅伕鎿囨€у彇姹轰簬

銆€銆€A.钘ョ墿鍔戦噺灏�

銆€銆€B.钘ョ墿鑴傛憾鎬уぇ灏�

銆€銆€C.绲勭箶鍣ㄥ畼灏�(du矛)钘ョ墿鐨勬晱鎰熸€�

銆€銆€D.钘ョ墿鍦ㄩ珨鍏�(n猫i)鍚告敹閫熷害

銆€銆€E.钘ョ墿pKa澶у皬

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€姗�(j墨)楂斾笉鍚屽櫒瀹�銆佺祫绻斿皪(du矛)钘ョ墿鐨勬晱鎰熸€ц〃鐝�(xi脿n)鏄庨’鐨勫樊鐣�锛屽皪(du矛)鏌愪竴鍣ㄥ畼銆佺祫绻斾綔鐢ㄧ壒鍒ュ挤(qi谩ng)锛岃€屽皪(du矛)鍏朵粬绲勭箶鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ緢寮�锛岀敋鑷冲皪(du矛)鐩搁劙鐨勭窗(x矛)鑳炰篃涓嶇敘(ch菐n)鐢熷奖闊�锛岄€欑ó鐝�(xi脿n)璞＄ū鐐鸿棩鐗╀綔鐢ㄧ殑閬告搰鎬с€�

銆€銆€钘ョ墿閬告搰鎬у彇姹轰簬绲勭箶鍣ㄥ畼灏�(du矛)钘ョ墿鐨勬晱鎰熸€�锛屾晱鎰熸€ч珮閬告搰鎬уソ銆�(浜嗚В鍗冲彲)

銆€銆€35銆佺敤寮�(qi谩ng)蹇冭嫹娌荤檪鎱㈡€у績鍔熻兘涓嶅叏锛屽叾灏�(du矛)蹇冭嚐鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ爆浜�

銆€銆€A.灞€閮ㄤ綔鐢�

銆€銆€B.鍚告敹浣滅敤

銆€銆€C.绻肩櫦(f膩)鎬т綔鐢�

銆€銆€D.閬告搰鎬т綔鐢�

銆€銆€E.鐗圭暟鎬т綔鐢�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D

銆€銆€寮�(qi谩ng)蹇冭嫹鍏锋湁鐩存帴鍔犲挤(qi谩ng)蹇冭倢鏀剁府鍔涗綔鐢�锛岄€欎竴浣滅敤鍦ㄨ“绔殑蹇冭嚐琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)寰楃壒鍒ユ槑椤�锛屽苟鍏锋湁閬告搰鎬с€傛不鐧傚姂閲忔檪(sh铆)灏�(du矛)鍏朵粬绲勭箶鍣ㄥ畼鐒�(w煤)鏄庨’浣滅敤鏅�(sh铆)锛屽彧鑳藉寮�(qi谩ng)蹇冭倢鏀剁府鍔�銆�

銆€銆€鐗圭暟鎬т綔鐢�

銆€銆€渚嬪锛岄叾-搴曠墿(閰舵按瑙�)銆佹姉鍘�-鎶楅珨銆侀厤鍩�-鍙楅珨涔嬮枔鐨勭浉浜掕鲸鍒ュ拰閬告搰鎬х祼(ji茅)鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)灏辩ū鐐虹壒鐣版€у弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽嵆灏堜竴鎬у緢寮�(qi谩ng)鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€绫宠鍦扮埦鐢ㄤ簬闋戝浐鎬ч珮琛€澹�銆佽厧鎬ч珮琛€澹撱€傝┎鍝佸彲浣挎瘺鐧�(f膩)澧炵敓锛屽鍒舵垚婧舵恫澶栫敤娑傛姽鍙不鐧傝劔鐧�(f膩)鐧ワ紝濡傛枒绂垮強鐢锋€х鐧�(f膩)绛�锛屼笉灞簬鐗圭暟鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€36銆佽棩鐗╁皪(du矛)鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╂€ユ€ф瘨鎬х殑闂�(gu膩n)绯绘槸

銆€銆€A.LD50瓒婂ぇ锛岃秺瀹规槗鐧�(f膩)鐢熸瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€B.LD50瓒婂ぇ锛屾瘨鎬ц秺灏�

銆€銆€C.LD50瓒婂皬锛岃秺瀹规槗鐧�(f膩)鐢熼亷(gu貌)鏁忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€D.LD50瓒婂ぇ锛屾瘨鎬ц秺澶�

銆€銆€E.LD50瓒婂ぇ锛岃秺瀹规槗鐧�(f膩)鐢熺壒鐣拌唱(zh矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B

銆€銆€鍦ㄦ瘨鐞嗗(xu茅)涓�锛屽崐鏁�(sh霉)鑷存閲忥紝绨�(ji菐n)绋盠D50锛屾槸鎻忚堪鏈夋瘨鐗╄唱(zh矛)鎴栬蓟灏勭殑姣掓€х殑甯哥敤鎸囨(bi膩o)銆侺D50鏄寚鑳芥姝讳竴鍗婅│椹�(y脿n)绺介珨涔嬫湁瀹崇墿璩�(zh矛)銆佹湁姣掔墿璩�(zh矛)鎴栨父闆㈣蓟灏勭殑鍔戦噺銆傚叾鏁�(sh霉)鍊艰秺澶х殑鎰忕京灏辨槸闇€瑕佽秺澶氬姂閲忕殑钘ョ墿鎵嶈兘娈烘涓€鍗婂(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鍕�(d貌ng)鐗�锛岄€欏悓鏁�(sh霉)鍊煎皬鐨勫緢灏戝姂閲忓氨鑳芥姝讳竴鍗婂嫊(d貌ng)鐗╃殑钘ョ墿姣旇純锛屽叾姣掓€у氨瓒婂皬銆�

銆€銆€37銆佸壇浣滅敤鐧�(f膩)鐢熷湪

銆€銆€A.娌荤檪閲忋€佸皯鏁�(sh霉)鐥呬汉

銆€銆€B.浣庝簬娌荤檪閲�銆佸鏁�(sh霉)鐥呬汉

銆€銆€C.娌荤檪閲�銆佸鏁�(sh霉)鐥呬汉

銆€銆€D.浣庝簣娌荤檪閲�銆佸皯鏁�(sh霉)鐥呬汉

銆€銆€E.澶у姂閲�銆侀暦(zh菐ng)鏈熸噳(y墨ng)鐢�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€鍓綔鐢�(side銆€reaction)銆€鏄寚鍦ㄨ棩鐗╂不鐧傚姂閲忔檪(sh铆)锛屽嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勮垏娌荤檪鐩殑鐒�(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)鐨勪笉閬╁弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傚壇浣滅敤鏄敱浜庤棩鐗╃殑閬告搰鎬т綆銆佷綔鐢ㄥ唬娉涘紩璧�(鐧�(f膩)鐢熷湪澶氭暩(sh霉)鐥呬汉)鐨�锛屼竴鑸弽鎳�(y墨ng)杓冭紩寰�锛屽鏁�(sh霉)鍙互鎭㈠京(f霉)銆備緥濡傞樋鎵樺搧鐢ㄤ簬瑙ｉ櫎鑳冭吀鐥欐敚鏅�(sh铆)锛屾渻(hu矛)寮曡捣鍙ｅ共銆佸績鎮�銆佷究绉樼瓑鍓綔鐢�;鑰岀暥(d膩ng)鐢ㄤ簬楹婚唹鍓嶇郸钘ユ檪(sh铆)锛岄樋鎵樺搧娓涘皯鍛煎惛閬撳垎娉�锛屽墖鍙互闃叉鍒嗘硨鐗╅樆濉炲懠鍚搁亾鍙婂惛鍏ユ€ц偤鐐庣殑鐧�(f膩)鐢燂紝鑰屾垚鐐烘不鐧備綔鐢�锛屾笡灏戣吅楂斿垎娉岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鍙ｅ共鍙堟垚鐐哄壇浣滅敤銆傜敱姝ゅ彲瑕�锛屾湁鏅�(sh铆)鍓綔鐢ㄥ拰娌荤檪浣滅敤涔嬮枔鏄彲浠ョ浉浜掕綁(zhu菐n)璁婄殑銆�

銆€銆€38銆侀棞(gu膩n)浜庤棩鐗╃殑娌荤檪浣滅敤锛屾纰虹殑鏄�

銆€銆€A.鑸囩敤钘ョ洰鐨勭劇(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)鐨勪綔鐢�

銆€銆€B.涓昏鏄寚鍙秷闄よ嚧鐥呭洜瀛愮殑浣滅敤

銆€銆€C.鍙敼鍠勭櫏鐙€鐨勪綔鐢�锛屼笉鏄不鐧備綔鐢�

銆€銆€D.绗﹀悎鐢ㄨ棩鐩殑鐨勪綔鐢�

銆€銆€E.瑁�(b菙)鍏呮不鐧備笉鑳界尘姝ｇ梾鍥�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D

銆€銆€钘ョ墿鐨勬不鐧備綔鐢ㄤ笉涓€瀹氬彲浠ユ秷闄よ嚧鐥呭洜瀛�锛岄仈(d谩)鍒版不鐧傜洰鐨勫氨璧蜂綔鐢ㄤ簡銆�

銆€銆€39銆佽棩鐗╃殑鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬ф槸鎸�

銆€銆€A.钘ョ墿绌块€忕敓鐗╄啘鐨勮兘鍔�

銆€銆€B.钘ョ墿鑴傛憾鎬х殑寮�(qi谩ng)寮�

銆€銆€C.钘ョ墿姘存憾鎬х殑澶у皬

銆€銆€D.钘ョ墿鑸囧彈楂旇Κ鍜屽姏鐨勯珮浣�

銆€銆€E.钘ョ墿鑸囧彈楂旂祼(ji茅)鍚堝悗锛屾縺鍕�(d貌ng)鍙楅珨鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮兘鍔�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細E

銆€銆€鏈閲嶅湪鑰冩煡鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬х殑瀹氱京銆傚収(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬ф寚钘ョ墿鑸囧彈楂旂祼(ji茅)鍚堝悗锛屾縺鍕�(d貌ng)鍙楅珨鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮兘鍔涖€�

銆€銆€40銆佽棩鐗╃殑鏁堝児(ji脿)鏄寚

銆€銆€A.钘ョ墿閬�(d谩)鍒颁竴瀹氭晥鎳�(y墨ng)鏅�(sh铆)鎵€闇€鐨勫姂閲�

銆€銆€B.寮曡捣50%鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╅櫧(y谩ng)鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫姂閲�

銆€銆€C.寮曡捣钘ョ悊鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鐨勬渶灏忓姂閲�

銆€銆€D.娌荤檪閲忕殑鏈€澶фサ闄�

銆€銆€E.钘ョ墿鐨勬渶澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細A

銆€銆€鏈閲嶅湪鑰冩煡鏁堝児(ji脿)鐨勫畾缇┿€傝棩鐗╃殑鏁堝児(ji脿)鏄寚钘ョ墿閬�(d谩)鍒颁竴瀹氭晥鎳�(y墨ng)鏅�(sh铆)鎵€闇€鐨勫姂閲�銆�

銆€銆€B.寮曡捣50%鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╅櫧(y谩ng)鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫姂閲忥細閫欏€�(g猫)鏄崐鏁�(sh霉)鏈夋晥閲忕殑姒傚康

銆€銆€鍗婃暩(sh霉)鏈夋晥閲�(ED50)锛氭槸鎸囧紩璧�50%闄�(y谩ng)鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)(璩�(zh矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))鎴�50%鏈€澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)(閲忓弽鎳�(y墨ng))鐨勬績搴︽垨鍔戦噺銆傚垎鍒ョ敤鍗婃暩(sh霉)鏈夋晥婵冨害(EC50)鍙婂崐鏁�(sh霉)鏈夋晥鍔戦噺(ED50)琛ㄧず銆�

銆€銆€41銆佽棩鐗╀綔鐢ㄧ殑鍏╅噸鎬ф寚

銆€銆€A.鏃㈡湁灏�(du矛)鍥犳不鐧備綔鐢�锛屽張鏈夊皪(du矛)鐧ユ不鐧備綔鐢�

銆€銆€B.鏃㈡湁鍓綔鐢�锛屽張鏈夋瘨鎬т綔鐢�

銆€銆€C.鏃㈡湁娌荤檪浣滅敤锛屽張鏈変笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€D.鏃㈡湁灞€閮ㄤ綔鐢紝鍙堟湁鍏ㄨ韩浣滅敤

銆€銆€E.鏃㈡湁鍘熺櫦(f膩)浣滅敤锛屽張鏈夌辜鐧�(f膩)浣滅敤

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€瑙ｆ瀽锛氭湰椤岃€冩煡钘ョ墿鍏╅噸鎬х殑鍚京銆傝棩鐗╀綔鐢ㄧ殑鍏╅噸鎬ф槸鎸囪棩鐗╁湪鐧�(f膩)鎻不鐧備綔鐢ㄧ殑鍚屾檪(sh铆)锛屼篃鏈�(hu矛)鍑虹従(xi脿n)涓€浜涜垏娌荤檪鐒�(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)銆佸皪(du矛)鐥呬汉涓嶅埄鐨勪綔鐢�锛屽嵆涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傝嚚搴婄敤钘ョ殑鎰挎湜鏄洝閲忓厖鍒嗙櫦(f膩)鎻棩鐗╃殑娌荤檪浣滅敤鑰屾笡灏戜笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傚叾浠栧悇閬搁爡(xi脿ng)鍧囦笉鏄叐閲嶆€х殑鍚京銆�

銆€銆€42銆佸壇浣滅敤鐨勭敘(ch菐n)鐢熸槸鐢变簬

銆€銆€A.鐥呬汉鐨勭壒鐣版€ч珨璩�(zh矛)

銆€銆€B.鐢ㄨ棩鍔戦噺閬�(gu貌)澶�

銆€銆€C.鐥呬汉鐨勬姷鎶楀姏寮�

銆€銆€D.钘ョ墿鐨勯伕鎿囨€т綆

銆€銆€E.钘ョ墿鐨勫畨鍏ㄨ寖鍦嶅皬

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D

銆€銆€鍓綔鐢ㄧ殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸槸鐢变簬钘ョ墿鐨勯伕鎿囨€т綆锛屼綔鐢ㄥ唬娉涘紩璧风殑

銆€銆€43銆侀暦(zh菐ng)鏈熶娇鐢ㄦ櫘钀樻礇鐖惧仠钘ュ悗琛€澹撶獊鐒跺崌楂樺爆浜�

銆€銆€A.璁婃厠(t脿i)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€B.鐗圭暟璩�(zh矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€C.鍋滆棩鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€D.鍚庨伜鏁堟噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€E.蹇€熻€愬彈鎬�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€鑰冩煡閲嶉粸(di菐n)鏄仠钘ュ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫畾缇┿€�

銆€銆€44銆佽棩鐗╃殑鐗圭暟鎬т綔鐢ㄦ(j墨)鍒朵笉鍖呮嫭

銆€銆€A.婵€鍕�(d貌ng)鎴栨嫯鎶楀彈楂�

銆€銆€B.褰遍熆闆㈠瓙閫氶亾

銆€銆€C.褰遍熆鑷韩娲绘€х墿璩�(zh矛)

銆€銆€D.鏀硅畩绱�(x矛)鑳炲懆鍦嶇挵(hu谩n)澧冪殑鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)

銆€銆€E.褰遍熆绁炵稉(j墨ng)閬炶唱(zh矛)鎴栨縺绱犲垎娉屾硨

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D

銆€銆€鏈閲嶅湪鑰冩煡钘ョ墿鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ(j墨)鍒躲€傝棩鐗╃殑浣滅敤姗�(j墨)鍒舵湁鐗圭暟鎬т綔鐢�锛屾湁闈炵壒鐣版€т綔鐢ㄣ€傛敼璁婄窗(x矛)鑳炲懆鍦嶇挵(hu谩n)澧冪殑鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)灞簬闈炵壒鐣版€ф(j墨)鍒躲€�

銆€銆€绗笁绔犮€€钘ョ墿鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)

銆€銆€绗笁绡€(ji茅)銆€钘ョ墿浣滅敤姗�(j墨)鍒剁殑椤炲瀷

銆€銆€7.闈炵壒鐣版€т綔鐢ㄣ€€鏈変簺钘ョ墿閫氶亷(gu貌)绨�(ji菐n)鍠殑鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鎴栫墿鐞嗕綔鐢ㄨ€岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熻棩鐞嗘晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽鍙ｆ湇姘哀鍖栭媮銆佷笁纭呴吀閹傜瓑鎶楅吀钘ヤ腑鍜岃儍閰�锛屽彲鐢ㄤ簬娌荤檪鑳冩桨鐦�;闈滆剤娉ㄥ皠鐢橀湶閱囷紝鍏跺湪鑵庡皬绠″収(n猫i)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熼珮婊查€忓鑰屽埄灏�;浜屽钒鍩轰竵浜岄吀閳夌瓑绲�(lu貌)鍚堝姂鍙垏姹�銆佺牱绛夐噸閲戝爆闆㈠瓙绲�(lu貌)鍚堟垚鐠�(hu谩n)鐙€鐗�锛屼績浣垮叾闅ㄥ翱鎺掑嚭浠ヨВ姣�銆傛澶�锛屾徊閫忔€х€夎棩纭吀閹傚拰琛€瀹归噺鎿�(ku貌)寮靛姂鍙虫棆绯栭厫绛夐€氶亷(gu貌)灞€閮ㄥ舰鎴愰珮婊查€忓鑰岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熺浉鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

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绶ㄨ集鎺ㄨ枽锛�

2015鍩�(zh铆)妤�(y猫)钘ュ斧鑰冭│鐢ㄦ浉鍚勭鏁欐潗璁婂寲瑙ｆ瀽鍖附

2015鍩�(zh铆)妤�(y猫)钘ュ斧鑰冭│澶х侗鍖附锛堟柊鐗堬級

2015鍩�(zh铆)妤�(y猫)钘ュ斧鑰冭│鑰冪侗璁婂寲瑙ｈ畝

鍏ㄥ湅(gu贸)鍚勫湴2015鍩�(zh铆)妤�(y猫)钘ュ斧璩囨牸鑰冭│婧�(zh菙n)鑰冭瓑鎵撳嵃鏅�(sh铆)闁撳尟绺�

銆婁腑鍦�(gu贸)鍩�(zh铆)妤�(y猫)钘ュ斧銆嬮洔蹇楋紝鎺ㄨ枽璩囨枡鍖附

鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍￠啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│缍�(w菐ng)鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氬鏋滄偍鍦ㄦ閬�(gu貌)绋嬩腑閬囧埌浠讳綍鐤戝晱(w猫n)锛岃珛(q菒ng)鐧婚寗鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍￠啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│璜栧锛岄毃鏅�(sh铆)鑸囧唬澶ц€冪敓鏈嬪弸鍊戜竴璧蜂氦娴�!

銆€銆€浜�銆侀厤浼嶉伕鎿囬

銆€銆€1銆佷笅鍦栫偤A銆丅銆丆 3绋縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ュ湪鐒�(w煤)鎷姉钘ユ檪(sh铆)鐨勯噺鏁堟洸绶�

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銆€銆€A.婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘

銆€銆€B.婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘

銆€銆€C.婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘

銆€銆€D.婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘鑸嘊

銆€銆€E.浠ヤ笂閮戒笉鏄�

銆€銆€<1>銆佹晥鎳�(y墨ng)鏈€寮�(qi谩ng)鐨勬縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ユ槸

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B

銆€銆€<2>銆佹晥鎳�(y墨ng)鏈€寮辩殑婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ユ槸

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€<4>銆佹晥鍍�(ji脿)鏈€澶х殑婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ユ槸

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細A

銆€銆€鏁堣兘锛氶毃钁楀姂閲忔垨婵冨害鐨勫鍔�锛屾晥鎳�(y墨ng)涔熷鍔�锛岀暥(d膩ng)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)澧炲姞鍒颁竴瀹氱▼搴﹀悗锛岃嫢绻肩簩(x霉)澧炲姞钘ョ墿鍔戦噺鎴栨績搴﹁€屾晥鎳�(y墨ng)涓嶅啀绻肩簩(x霉)澧炲挤(qi谩ng)锛屾鏅�(sh铆)鍦ㄩ噺鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)涓ū鐐烘渶澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)(maximal effect锛孍max)锛屼篃绋辨晥鑳�(efficacy)锛屽叾鍙嶆槧钘ョ墿鐨勫収(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�銆�

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銆€銆€绛夋晥鍔戦噺鏄寚寮曡捣鐩哥瓑鏁堟噳(y墨ng)(绛夋晥鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))鏄墍闇€瑕佺殑鍔戦噺銆�

銆€銆€鏁堟噳(y墨ng)灏辨槸鏅€氭蹇碉紝钘ョ墿鐧�(f膩)鎻綔鐢�锛屽氨鐩哥暥(d膩ng)浜庡皪(du矛)鍙楅珨寮曡捣鏁堟噳(y墨ng)!

銆€銆€<3>銆佹晥鍍�(ji脿)鏈€灏忕殑婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ユ槸

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€棣栧厛瑕佹兂姝ｇ⒑鍋氬皪(du矛)閫欏咕閬撻锛屽繀闋堢啛鎮夋帉鎻￠噺鏁堟洸绶氱殑鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍩虹(ch菙)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)銆�

銆€銆€1.閲忔晥鏇茬窔鏄敤渚�(l谩i)琛ㄧず閲忔晥闂�(gu膩n)绯荤殑鏇茬窔銆傚畠鐨勭偤绺卞潗妯�(bi膩o)鏄晥鎳�(y墨ng)寮�(qi谩ng)搴�锛岃棩鐗╁姂閲忔垨钘ョ墿婵冨害鐐烘┇鍧愭(bi膩o)浣滃湒銆�

銆€銆€2.鐗瑰児(ji脿)寮�(qi谩ng)搴︼細鏄寚鑳藉紩璧风瓑鏁堝弽鏄犵殑鍔戦噺锛屽叾鍊煎皬鍓囨晥鍍�(ji脿)寮�(qi谩ng)搴﹁秺澶�銆傝棩鏁堟€ц唱(zh矛)鐩稿悓鐨勫叐鍊�(g猫)钘ョ墿鐨勬晥鍍�(ji脿)寮�(qi谩ng)搴﹂€�(j矛n)琛屾瘮杓冪ū鐐烘晥鍍�(ji脿)姣斻€傚10mg鍡庡暋鐨勯幃(zh猫n)鐥涗綔鐢ㄥ挤(qi谩ng)浜庡搶鏇垮暥100mg鐨勯幃(zh猫n)鐥涗綔鐢ㄥ挤(qi谩ng)搴︾浉鐣�(d膩ng)锛屽強鍡庡暋鐨勬晥鍍�(ji脿)寮�(qi谩ng)搴︾偤鍝屾浛鍟剁殑10鍊�. 銆�

銆€銆€鏍规摎(j霉)绗竴姊濆彲鐭�锛岀副鍧愭(bi膩o)瓒婂ぇ鏁堟噳(y墨ng)寮�(qi谩ng)搴﹁秺寮�(qi谩ng)锛岀副鍧愭(bi膩o)瓒婂皬鏁堟噳(y墨ng)瓒婂急锛屾墍浠ョ涓€灏忛閬窧锛岀浜屽€�(g猫)灏忛閬窩銆�

銆€銆€鏍规摎(j霉)绗簩姊濆彲鐭�锛屽湪閲忔晥鏇茬窔涓婂悓涓€绺卞潗妯�(bi膩o)涓婏紝3鍊�(g猫)婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑姗潗妯�(bi膩o)瓒婂皬灏辫(shu艒)鏄庢晥鍍�(ji脿)寮�(qi谩ng)搴﹁秺澶�锛屽鐣�(d膩ng)绺卞潗妯�(bi膩o)鐐�50鏅�(sh铆)锛�3鍊�(g猫)婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑姗潗妯�(bi膩o)鐐篈锕锕锕�1锛屾墍浠ユ晥鎳�(y墨ng)寮�(qi谩ng)搴︽渶澶х殑鐐篈锛屽叾娆＄偤B锛屾渶灏忕殑鐐篊銆傚洜姝ょ涓夊皬椤岄伕C锛岀鍥涘皬椤岄伕A銆�

銆€銆€鏁堟噳(y墨ng)寮�(qi谩ng)搴︽寚鐨勫氨鏄棩鐗╃殑鏈€澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng);鎵€浠ユ牴鎿�(j霉)姝ゅ湒B鐨勬渶澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)鏈€澶�锛屼篃灏辨槸B鐨勬渶楂橀粸(di菐n)鏄笁鑰呬腑鏈€楂樼殑!

銆€銆€鑰屾晥鍍�(ji脿)鎸囩殑鏄紩璧风浉鍚屾晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛屼娇鐢ㄩ噺鏈€灏忕殑钘ョ墿锛屾晥鍍�(ji脿)鏈€澶�;

銆€銆€寰炲湒鍙互鐪嬪嚭锛孉鍦ㄥ紩璧�50%鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鐨勬檪(sh铆)鍊�锛屼娇鐢ㄧ殑閲忔槸鏈€灏戠殑锛屾墍浠ュ叾鏁堝児(ji脿)鏄渶澶х殑;姝ら绛旀鏄矑(m茅i)鏈夊晱(w猫n)椤岀殑!

銆€銆€娉ㄦ剰鍗€(q奴)鍒嗘晥鍍�(ji脿)鍜屾晥鎳�(y墨ng)寮�(qi谩ng)搴︾殑姒傚康!

銆€銆€2銆丄.寮�(qi谩ng)鐨勮Κ鍜屽姏锛屽挤(qi谩ng)鐨勫収(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�

銆€銆€B.寮�(qi谩ng)鐨勮Κ鍜屽姏锛屽急鐨勫収(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�

銆€銆€C.寮�(qi谩ng)鐨勮Κ鍜屽姏锛岀劇(w煤)鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�

銆€銆€D.寮辩殑瑕拰鍔涳紝寮�(qi谩ng)鐨勫収(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�

銆€銆€E.寮辩殑瑕拰鍔�锛岀劇(w煤)鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�

銆€銆€<1>銆侀儴鍒嗘縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ュ叿鏈�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B

銆€銆€<2>銆佹縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ュ叿鏈�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細A

銆€銆€<3>銆佹嫯鎶楄棩鍏锋湁

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€3銆丄.婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘�

銆€銆€B.鎷姉钘�

銆€銆€C.閮ㄥ垎婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘�

銆€銆€D.绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф媹鎶楄棩

銆€銆€E.闈炵(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楄棩

銆€銆€<1>銆佷娇婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ラ噺鏁堟洸绶氬钩琛屽彸绉讳笖鏈€澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)涓嶆敼璁�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D

銆€銆€<2>銆佽垏鍙楅珨瑕拰鍔涜純寮�(qi谩ng)锛屽収(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬ц純灏�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€<3>銆佽垏鍙楅珨瑕拰鍔涘挤(qi谩ng)鑰岀劇(w煤)鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B

銆€銆€<4>銆佷娇婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ラ噺鏁堟洸绶氬彸绉讳笖鏈€澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)闄嶄綆

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細E

銆€銆€鏍规摎(j霉)鏁欐潗涓婄殑鍦栵紝鏄湁鍙崇Щ鐨勮定鍕�(sh矛)鐨�锛屼絾鏄椤岀殑閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍦紝鏈€澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)闄嶄綆锛屾墍浠ュ彧鑳介伕闈炵(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楄棩

銆€銆€<5>銆佽垏鍙楅珨瑕拰鍔涘強鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬ч兘寮�(qi谩ng)

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細A

銆€銆€4銆丄.鍚庨伜鏁堟噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€B.鍋滆棩鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€C.鐗圭暟璩�(zh矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€D.璁婃厠(t脿i)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€E.鍓綔鐢�

銆€銆€<1>銆侀暦(zh菐ng)鏈熸噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ彲妯�(l猫)瀹氬悗鍋滆棩鍙紩璧�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B

銆€銆€鍋滆棩鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氱獊鐒跺仠钘ュ悗鍘熸湁鐤剧梾鐨勫姞鍔囷紝浜︾ū鍙嶈烦鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€涓昏鐧ョ媭鏄牠鐥�锛屽嚭姹楀績鎮�锛岃澹撲篃鍙兘椹熷崌!鍏烽珨姗�(j墨)鍒剁洰鍓嶉倓涓嶇敋娓呮!

銆€銆€<2>銆佸厛澶╂€ц婕胯喗鍫块叝閰剁己涔忓彲灏�(d菐o)鑷�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€鍚庨伜鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛氭槸鎸囧仠钘ュ悗琛€婵冨害宸查檷鑷抽柧婵冨害浠ヤ笅鏅�(sh铆)娈樺瓨鐨勭敓鐗╂晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆傚悗閬烘晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍙兘姣旇純鐭毇锛屽鏈嶇敤宸存瘮濡ラ鍌湢钘ュ悗娆℃櫒鐨勫閱夌従(xi脿n)璞�;涔熷彲鑳芥瘮杓冩寔涔�锛屽闀�(zh菐ng)鏈熸噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ厧涓婅吅鐨唱(zh矛)婵€绱�锛屼竴鏃﹀仠钘ュ悗鑵庝笂鑵虹毊璩�(zh矛)鍔熻兘浣庝笅锛屾暩(sh霉)鏈堝収(n猫i)闆ｄ互鎭㈠京(f霉)銆傚皯鏁�(sh霉)钘ョ墿鍙互灏�(d菐o)鑷存案涔呮€у櫒璩�(zh矛)鎬ф悕瀹�锛屽閺堥湁绱犲紩璧锋案涔呮€ц€宠伨銆�

銆€銆€鍋滆棩鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氱郴鎸囬鐒跺仠鐢ㄦ煇绋棩鐗╄€屽紩璧风殑涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傞暦(zh菐ng)鏈熼€ｇ簩(x霉)浣跨敤鏌愪簺钘ョ墿锛屽彲浣夸汉楂斿皪(du矛)钘ョ墿鐨勫瓨鍦ㄧ敘(ch菐n)鐢熼仼鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€鐗圭暟璩�(zh矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氱敱浜庣敤钘ヨ€呮湁鍏堝ぉ鎬ч伜鍌崇暟甯�锛屽皪(du矛)浜庢煇浜涜棩鐗╁弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐗瑰垾鏁忔劅锛屽嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙兘鑸囨煇浜涘父浜轰笉鍚岀殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€璁婃厠(t脿i)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氫篃鍙秴鏁忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屾槸鎸囨(j墨)楂斿皪(du矛)鏌愪簺鎶楀師鍒濇鎳�(y墨ng)绛斿悗锛屽啀娆℃帴鍙楃浉鍚屾姉鍘熷埡婵€鏅�(sh铆)锛岀櫦(f膩)鐢熺殑涓€绋互姗�(j墨)楂旂敓鐞嗗姛鑳界磰浜傛垨绲勭箶绱�(x矛)鑳炴悕鍌风偤涓荤殑鐗圭暟鎬у厤鐤噳(y墨ng)绛�銆備汉鍊�?n猫i)绮橈汲榫呴檷閽犮仱w閬�(gu貌)鏁�锛岀毊鑶氶ǚ鐧€€佺磪鑵�锛屽氨鏄竴绋畩鎱�(t脿i)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€鍋滆棩鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鏄寚闀�(zh菐ng)鏈熸湇鐢ㄦ煇浜涜棩鐗�锛岀獊鐒跺仠钘ュ悗鍘熸湁鐤剧梾鐨勫姞鍔�锛屽張绋卞弽璺冲弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆備緥濡傞暦(zh菐ng)鏈熸湇鐢ㄥ彲妯�(l猫)瀹氶檷澹撳悗绐佺劧鍋滆棩锛屾鏃ヨ澹撳彲鍔囩儓鍥炲崌銆傝嚚搴婂皪(du矛)閫欓钘ョ墿锛屽闇€鍋滆棩锛屾噳(y墨ng)閫愭娓涢噺锛屼互鍏嶇櫦(f膩)鐢熷嵄闅�(xi菐n)銆�

銆€銆€<3>銆侀潚闇夌礌鍙敘(ch菐n)鐢�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D

銆€銆€<4>銆侀暦(zh菐ng)鏈熸噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ厧涓婅吅鐨唱(zh矛)婵€绱犳渻(hu矛)鍑虹従(xi脿n)

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細A

銆€銆€鍚庨伜鏁堟噳(y墨ng)(after effect)鏄寚鍋滆棩鍚庤婵冨害宸查檷鑷抽柧婵冨害浠ヤ笅鏅�(sh铆)娈樺瓨鐨勭敓鐗╂晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆傚悗閬烘晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍙兘姣旇純鐭毇锛屽鏈嶇敤宸存瘮濡ラ鍌湢钘ュ悗娆℃櫒鐨勫閱夌従(xi脿n)璞�;涔熷彲鑳芥瘮杓冩寔涔�锛屽闀�(zh菐ng)鏈熸噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ厧涓婅吅鐨唱(zh矛)婵€绱�锛屼竴鏃﹀仠钘ュ悗鑵庝笂鑵虹毊璩�(zh矛)鍔熻兘浣庝笅锛屾暩(sh霉)鏈堝収(n猫i)闆ｄ互鎭㈠京(f霉)銆傚皯鏁�(sh霉)钘ョ墿鍙互灏�(d菐o)鑷存案涔呮€у櫒璩�(zh矛)鎬ф悕瀹�锛屽閺堥湁绱犲紩璧锋案涔呮€ц€宠伨銆�

銆€銆€5銆丄.鍓綔鐢�

銆€銆€B.姣掓€у弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€C.璁婃厠(t脿i)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€D.绻肩櫦(f膩)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€E.浠ヤ笂閮戒笉灏�(du矛)

銆€銆€<1>銆佽垏钘ョ墿鍔戦噺闂�(gu膩n)绯昏純澶х殑鏄�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B

銆€銆€<2>銆佺敤钘ユ檪(sh铆)闁撻亷(gu貌)闀�(zh菐ng)钘ョ墿钃勭⿳鎵€鑷寸殑鏄�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B

銆€銆€<3>銆佹姉鎰熸煋娌荤檪鍏堝嚭鐝�(xi脿n)濂借綁(zhu菐n)锛岄毃鍚庣櫦(f膩)鐢熻吂鐎夌殑鏄�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D

銆€銆€绻肩櫦(f膩)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鏄寚鐢变簬钘ョ墿娌荤檪浣滅敤寮曡捣鐨勪笉鑹悗鏋�銆傞暦(zh菐ng)鏅�(sh铆)闁撴湇鐢ㄥ唬璀滄姉鐢熺礌锛岃ū澶氭晱鎰熻弻鏍鎶戝埗锛屼竴浜涗笉鏁忔劅鐨勭窗(x矛)鑿�锛屽鑰愯棩钁¤悇鐞冭弻鎴栫櫧鑹插康鐝犺弻绛夌湡鑿屽ぇ閲忎箻姗�(j墨)绻佹畺锛岃嚧绻肩櫦(f膩)鎬ф劅鏌�銆�

銆€銆€濡傛椤屾姉鎰熸煋娌荤檪锛岃棩鐗╃櫦(f膩)鎻綔鐢ㄥ厛鍑虹従(xi脿n)濂借綁(zhu菐n)锛岄毃鍚庡紩璧蜂笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岀櫦(f膩)鐢熻吂鐎夋槸绻肩櫦(f膩)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€6銆丄.娌荤檪浣滅敤

銆€銆€B.涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€C.鍓綔鐢�

銆€銆€D.姣掓€т綔鐢�

銆€銆€E.鑰愯棩鎬�

銆€銆€<1>銆佽垏娌荤檪鐩殑鐒�(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)鐨勬墍鏈夊弽鎳�(y墨ng)绲�(t菕ng)绋辩偤

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B

銆€銆€<2>銆侀仈(d谩)鍒版不鐧傛晥鏋滅殑浣滅敤鏄�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細A

銆€銆€<3>銆佹不鐧傚姂閲忎笅鍑虹従(xi脿n)鑸囨不鐧傜洰鐨勭劇(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)鐨勬槸

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€<4>銆佽棩鐗╅亷(gu貌)閲忓嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勫皪(du矛)姗�(j墨)楂旀悕瀹虫槸

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D

銆€銆€姣掓€у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鏄寚鍦ㄨ棩鐗╁姂閲忛亷(gu貌)澶ф垨楂斿収(n猫i)钃勭⿳閬�(gu貌)澶氭檪(sh铆)鐧�(f膩)鐢熺殑鍗卞姗�(j墨)楂旂殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屼竴鑸純鐐哄毚(y谩n)閲�銆傛瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙洜鍔戦噺閬�(gu貌)澶х珛鍗崇櫦(f膩)鐢�锛岀ū鐐烘€ユ€ф瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽鎼嶅寰挵(hu谩n)銆佸懠鍚稿拰绁炵稉(j墨ng)绛夌郴绲�(t菕ng)鍔熻兘;涔熷洜鐢ㄨ棩鏅�(sh铆)闁撻亷(gu貌)闀�(zh菐ng)锛岄珨鍏�(n猫i)鎱㈡參钃勭⿳鍚庨€愭几鐢�(ch菐n)鐢�锛岀ū鐐烘參鎬ф瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽鎼嶅鑲�銆佽厧銆侀楂�銆佸収(n猫i)鍒嗘硨绛夊姛鑳�銆傛煇浜涜棩鐗╁彲鑳芥湁鑷寸獊璁�銆佽嚧鐧�銆佽嚧鐣歌儙浣滅敤锛岀ū鐐鸿棩鐗╃殑涓夎嚧浣滅敤锛屽畠灞簬鎱㈡€ф瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)涓殑鐗规畩姣掓€ц寖鐤囥€�

銆€銆€<5>銆佺梾鍘熷井鐢熺墿灏�(du矛)钘ョ墿鐨勬晱鎰熸€ч檷浣庢槸

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細E

銆€銆€鑰愯棩鎬у張绋辨姉钘ユ€�锛岀郴鎸囧井鐢熺墿銆佸瘎鐢熻煵浠ュ強鑵槫绱�(x矛)鑳炲皪(du矛)浜庡寲鐧傝棩鐗╀綔鐢ㄧ殑鑰愬彈鎬�(閫ｇ簩(x霉)鐢ㄨ棩鍚庢(j墨)楂斿皪(du矛)钘ョ墿鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)寮�(qi谩ng)搴﹂仦娓�).

銆€銆€鑰愯棩鎬т竴鏃︾敘(ch菐n)鐢�锛岃棩鐗╃殑鍖栫檪浣滅敤灏辨槑椤笅闄�銆傝€愯棩鎬ф牴鎿�(j霉)鍏剁櫦(f膩)鐢熷師鍥犲彲鍒嗙偤鐛插緱鑰愯棩鎬у拰澶╃劧鑰愯棩鎬�銆傝嚜鐒剁晫涓殑鐥呭師楂�锛屽绱�(x矛)鑿岀殑鏌愪竴鏍篃鍙瓨鍦ㄥぉ鐒惰€愯棩鎬�銆傜暥(d膩ng)闀�(zh菐ng)鏈熸噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ姉鐢熺礌鏅�(sh铆)锛屽崰澶氭暩(sh霉)鐨勬晱鎰熻弻鏍笉鏂疯娈烘粎锛岃€愯棩鑿屾牚灏卞ぇ閲忕箒娈�锛屼唬鏇挎晱鎰熻弻鏍�锛岃€屼娇绱�(x矛)鑿屽皪(du矛)瑭茬ó钘ョ墿鐨勮€愯棩鐜囦笉鏂峰崌楂樸€傜洰鍓嶈獚(r猫n)鐐哄悗涓€绋柟寮忔槸鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熻€愯棩鑿岀殑涓昏鍘熷洜銆傜偤浜嗕繚鎸佹姉鐢熺礌鐨勬湁鏁堟€�锛屾噳(y墨ng)閲嶈鍏跺悎鐞嗕娇鐢ㄣ€�

銆€銆€7銆丄.璁婃厠(t脿i)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€B.鍚庨伜鏁堟噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€C.姣掓€у弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€D.鐗圭暟璩�(zh矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€E.鍓綔鐢�

銆€銆€<1>銆佹噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ集姘ㄥ柟寮曡捣鐨勬憾琛€鎬ц钵琛€灞簬

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D

銆€銆€<2>銆佹噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄩ樋鎵樺搧娌荤檪鍚勭ó鍏�(n猫i)鑷熺禐鐥涙檪(sh铆)寮曡捣鐨勫彛骞层€佸績鎮哥瓑灞簬

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細E

銆€銆€<3>銆佹噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ崥渚�(l谩i)闇夌礌寮曡捣鐨勫毚(y谩n)閲嶈偤绾栫董鍖栧爆浜�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C

銆€銆€<4>銆佹噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ反姣斿Ε椤為啋鍚庡嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勭湬鏆堛€佸洶鍊﹀爆浜�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B

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銆€銆€B.鑷ㄥ簥閬告搰鐢ㄨ棩鐨勪緷鎿�(j霉)

銆€銆€C.鑸囧壇浣滅敤澶氬皯鏈夐棞(gu膩n)

銆€銆€D.瑭�(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)鏂拌棩鍎�(y艒u)鍔ｇ殑鎸囨(bi膩o)涔嬩竴

銆€銆€E.钘ョ墿鍛藉悕鐨勪緷鎿�(j霉)

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABCD

銆€銆€姗�(j墨)楂斾笉鍚屽櫒瀹樸€佺祫绻斿皪(du矛)钘ョ墿鐨勬晱鎰熸€ц〃鐝�(xi脿n)鏄庨’鐨勫樊鐣�锛屽皪(du矛)鏌愪竴鍣ㄥ畼銆佺祫绻斾綔鐢ㄧ壒鍒ュ挤(qi谩ng)锛岃€屽皪(du矛)鍏朵粬绲勭箶鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ緢寮�锛岀敋鑷冲皪(du矛)鐩搁劙鐨勭窗(x矛)鑳炰篃涓嶇敘(ch菐n)鐢熷奖闊匡紝閫欑ó鐝�(xi脿n)璞＄ū鐐鸿棩鐗╀綔鐢ㄧ殑閬告搰鎬�銆�

銆€銆€鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷師鍥狅細鈶犺棩鐗╁皪(du矛)涓嶅悓绲勭箶瑕拰鍔涗笉鍚岋紝鑳介伕鎿囨€у湴鍒嗗竷浜庨澏绲勭箶鈶¤棩鐗╁湪涓嶅悓绲勭箶鐨勪唬璎濋€熺巼涓嶅悓鈶㈠彈楂斿垎甯冪殑涓嶅潎涓€鎬�锛屼笉鍚岀祫绻斿彈楂斿垎甯冪殑澶氬皯鍜岄鍨嬪瓨鍦ㄥ樊鐣�銆�

銆€銆€閬告搰鎬ч珮鏄敱浜庤棩鐗╄垏绲勭箶鐨勮Κ鍜屽姏澶э紝涓旂祫绻旂窗(x矛)鑳炲皪(du矛)钘ョ墿鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)鎬ч珮锛屼娇鐢ㄦ檪(sh铆)閲濆皪(du矛)鎬у挤(qi谩ng)锛岃棩鐞嗘椿鎬т篃杓冮珮銆傚纰樹綔鐢ㄤ簬鐢茬媭鑵�;姹炪€佺牱澶氭矇绌嶄簬鑲�銆佽厧銆�

銆€銆€閬告搰鎬т綆鐨勮棩鐗╂槸閲濆皪(du矛)鎬т笉寮�(qi谩ng)锛屼綔鐢ㄨ寖鍦嶅唬锛屼笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)姣旇純澶�銆�

銆€銆€閬告搰鎬ф槸钘ョ墿浣滅敤鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)锛屾槸鐩稿皪(du矛)鑰岃█鐨勶紝鑸囧姂閲忓瘑鍒囩浉闂�(gu膩n)銆傚宸存瘮濡ラ钘ョ墿闅ㄥ姂閲忕殑澧炲姞锛屼綔鐢ㄤ緷娆＄偤閹�(zh猫n)闈�—鍌湢—鎶楅鍘�—楹婚唹绛�銆�

銆€銆€鍥犳钘ョ墿閬告搰鎬ф槸钘ョ墿鍒嗛鐨勪緷鎿�(j霉)涔嬩竴锛屾槸瑭�(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)鏂拌棩鍎�(y艒u)鍔ｇ殑渚濇摎(j霉)涔嬩竴锛屼篃鏄嚚搴婄敤钘ョ殑閬告搰渚濇摎(j霉)涔嬩竴銆備絾鏄垏钘ョ墿鍛藉悕鐒�(w煤)瀵嗗垏闂�(gu膩n)绯汇€�

銆€銆€涓€鑸殑鍛藉悕鍒嗙偤鍖栧(xu茅)鍚�锛屽拰閫氱敤鍚�

銆€銆€鍖栧(xu茅)鍚嶆槸鏍规摎(j霉)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寮忓懡鍚嶇殑锛岃€岄€氱敤鍚嶅墖娌�(m茅i)鏈夎(gu墨)鍓�锛屽緢澶氳棩鐗╅兘鏄湅(gu贸)澶栧悓浠佸厛鐮旂┒鍑轰締(l谩i)锛屽懡鍚嶏紝涓湅(gu贸)涓€鑸槸缈昏閬�(gu貌)渚�(l谩i)鐨勯€氱敤鍚�!

銆€銆€2銆丄钘ヨ垏B钘ョ浉浜掓嫯鎶�锛屽畠鍊戝彲鑳芥槸

銆€銆€A.鍦ㄥ彈楂旀按骞崇殑鎷姉钘ヨ垏婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘�

銆€銆€B.鍦ㄤ富鍕�(d貌ng)杞�(zhu菐n)閬�(y霉n)鏂归潰瀛樺湪绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф姂鍒�

銆€銆€C.鍦ㄨ棩鐗╃殑鐢熺墿杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栨柟闈㈢浉浜掑奖闊�

銆€銆€D.鍦ㄨ婕胯泲鐧界祼(ji茅)鍚堟柟闈㈡湁绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф姂鍒�

銆€銆€E.鍦ㄨ厧鑷熸帓娉勬柟闈㈡湁绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф姂鍒�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABC

銆€銆€A钘ヨ垏B钘ュ鏋滃湪涓诲嫊(d貌ng)杞�(zhu菐n)閬�(y霉n)鏂归潰鐩镐簰褰遍熆锛屽墖鍙簰鐩稿奖闊垮彟澶栦竴钘ュ湪楂斿収(n猫i)鐨勫垎甯�锛屽洜姝ゅ彲鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)浣滅敤;鑰屽湪琛€婕胯泲鐧界祼(ji茅)鍚堟柟闈㈡湁绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф姂鍒朵綔鐢�锛屽彲浠ヤ簰鐩告彁楂樿棩鐗╃殑琛€钘ユ績搴�锛屽洜姝ゅ彲浠ヨ捣鍒颁簰鐩稿崝(xi茅)鍚岀殑浣滅敤銆傚洜姝�锛岄伕闋�(xi脿ng)B姝ｇ⒑锛岃€岄伕闋�(xi脿ng)D涓嶇鍚堥鐩姹�銆�

銆€銆€A钘ヨ垏B钘ュ湪钘ョ墿鐨勭敓鐗╄綁(zhu菐n)鍖栨柟闈㈢浉浜掑奖闊匡紝鍓囪(shu艒)鏄庤棩鐗╃殑浣滅敤鐨勯€斿緫鏈夌浉浼肩殑閬�(gu貌)绋嬩腑锛屽洜姝ゆ渻(hu矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸嫯鎶椾綔鐢�;鑰屽湪鑵庤嚐鎺掓硠鏂归潰鏈夌(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)锛屽墖瑾�(shu艒)鏄庡叐钘ユ渻(hu矛)浜掔浉褰遍熆锛屽皫(d菐o)鑷存帓娉勬笡灏�锛屼綔鐢ㄦ檪(sh铆)闁撳欢闀�(zh菐ng)锛岃捣鍒扮殑鏄崝(xi茅)鍚屼綔鐢�銆傚洜姝わ紝閬搁爡(xi脿ng)C姝ｇ⒑锛岄伕闋�(xi脿ng)E涓嶇鍚堥鐩姹�銆�

銆€銆€鑰屽湪琛€婕胯泲鐧界祼(ji茅)鍚堟柟闈㈡湁绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф姂鍒朵綔鐢�锛屽彲浠ヤ簰鐩告彁楂樿棩鐗╃殑琛€钘ユ績搴�锛屽洜姝ゅ彲浠ヨ捣鍒颁簰鐩稿崝(xi茅)鍚岀殑浣滅敤銆傛墍浠閬搁爡(xi脿ng)涓嶆槸鎷姉浣滅敤銆�

銆€銆€3銆佺櫦(f膩)鐢熻€愬彈鎬х殑鍘熷洜鏄�

銆€銆€A.鍏堝ぉ鎬х殑姗�(j墨)楂旀晱鎰熸€ч檷浣�

銆€銆€B.鍚庡ぉ鎬х殑姗�(j墨)楂旀晱鎰熸€ч檷浣�

銆€銆€C.瑭茶棩琚叾杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栬€屾湰韬槸閰惰獦灏�(d菐o)鍔�

銆€銆€D.瑭茶棩琚叾杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栬€屽悎鐢ㄤ簡閰惰獦灏�(d菐o)鍔�

銆€銆€E.瑭茶棩琚叾杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栬€屽悎鐢ㄤ簡閰舵姂鍒跺姂

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABCD

銆€銆€鑰愬彈鎬ф槸鎸囦汉楂斿皪(du矛)钘ョ墿鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鎬ч檷浣庣殑涓€绋媭鎱�(t脿i)锛屾寜鍏舵€ц唱(zh矛)鏈夊厛澶╂€у拰鍚庡ぉ鐛插緱鎬т箣鍒�銆傚墠鑰呭皪(du矛)钘ョ墿鐨勮€愬彈鎬у彲闀�(zh菐ng)鏈熶繚鐣�锛屽鑸囬€欓鎮ｈ€呴珨鍏�(n猫i)鏌愪簺钘ョ墿浠ｈ瑵閰堕亷(gu貌)搴︽椿韬嶆湁闂�(gu膩n)銆傚悗鑰呭線寰€鏄€ｇ簩(x霉)澶氭鐢ㄨ棩鍚庢墠鐧�(f膩)鐢熺殑锛屽鍔犲姂閲忓悗鍙兘閬�(d谩)鍒板師鏈夌殑鏁堟噳(y墨ng).

銆€銆€钘ョ墿鑰愬彈鎬ф槸鎸囬暦(zh菐ng)鏈熶娇鐢ㄦ煇绋棩鐗�锛屼娇浜虹殑姗�(j墨)楂斿皪(du矛)瑭茶棩鐗╃殑鏁忔劅鎬ч檷浣�锛岄€愭几鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熻€愯棩鐝�(xi脿n)璞�锛岃棩鏁堜篃闅ㄤ箣娓涘急锛屽彧鏈変笉鏂锋彁楂樿棩鐗╃殑鍔戦噺锛屾墠鑳戒繚鎸佸師渚�(l谩i)鐩稿悓鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)鎴栬棩鏁堢殑涓€绋媭鎱�(t脿i)銆�

銆€銆€鎵€浠�锛岀劇(w煤)璜栨槸鍏堝ぉ鎴栧悗澶╃殑姗�(j墨)楂旀晱鎰熸€ч檷浣庯紝閮藉彲浠ュ皫(d菐o)鑷磋€愯棩鎬х殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢�銆�

銆€銆€鑰岄叾瑾樺皫(d菐o)鍔戞渻(hu矛)浣胯棩鐗╃殑浠ｈ瑵鍔犲揩锛屽皫(d菐o)鑷翠簡钘ョ墿鐨勭浉灏�(du矛)涓嶈冻锛屽洜鑰屼篃鏈�(hu矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熻€愯棩鎬�銆�

銆€銆€鎵€浠涔熸槸姝ｇ⒑鐨�銆�

銆€銆€鑰愯棩鎬х敘(ch菐n)鐢熸(j墨)鍒�

銆€銆€1.鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸粎娲婚叾

銆€?銆佸亷顔旈シ绂忣儯鐝夋嬁?锛岄噾榛冭壊钁¤悇鐞冭弻灏�(du矛)闈掗湁绱犲強闋鑿岀礌鑰愯棩鍚庯紝鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熶簡瑁傝В鍏剁祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓殑β-鍏�(n猫i)閰拌兒鐠�(hu谩n)鐨�β-鍏�(n猫i)閰拌兒閰�銆傚ぇ閲�β-鍏�(n猫i)閰拌兒閰剁殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸槸鑷ㄥ簥甯歌鑷寸梾鑿岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熻€�β-鍏�(n猫i)閰拌兒椤炴姉鐢熺礌鐨勪富瑕佹(j墨)鍒朵箣涓€?锛佸帺鏄傝垚?li谩n)绯汇€�β-鍏�(n猫i)閰拌兒閰舵姂鍒跺姂寰�(f霉)鏂瑰埗鍔戝ェ鏍奸杸姹€(鍏嬫媺缍吀閴€+闃胯帿瑗挎灄)銆�

銆€銆€鈶￠垗鍖栭叾锛屽涔欓叞杞�(zhu菐n)绉婚叾銆佹牳鑻疯綁(zhu菐n)绉婚叾鍜岀７閰歌綁(zhu菐n)绉婚叾绛�銆傚皪(du矛)姘ㄥ熀绯栬嫹椤炴姉鐢熺储鑰愯棩鐨勯潻铇櫚鎬ц弻锛屽彲鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷绋垗鍖栭叾?锛佸帺鏄傝垚?li谩n)绯汇€戝皪(du矛)閳嶅寲閰剁┅(w臎n)瀹氱殑姘ㄥ熀绯栬嫹椤烇細闃跨背鍗℃槦銆佸鏇跨背鏄熴€�

銆€銆€2.鏀硅畩闈堕儴浣�

銆€銆€鎶楄弻钘ョ墿灏�(du矛)绱�(x矛)鑿岀殑鍘熷浣滅敤闈堕粸(di菐n)锛岀ū鐐洪澏閮ㄤ綅銆傝嫢姝ら儴浣嶇櫦(f膩)鐢熺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎴栦綅缃敼璁�锛屽墖钘ョ墿涓嶈兘鑸囬澏閮ㄤ綅绲�(ji茅)鍚�锛岀窗(x矛)鑿屽嵆鍙敘(ch菐n)鐢熻€愯棩鎬�銆傛瘮濡傦細闈╄槶闄�(y谩ng)鎬ц弻鑰愯棩澶氱偤PBPs鑸囪棩鐗╃祼(ji茅)鍚堣Κ鍜屾€т笅闄嶏紝PBPs鏁�(sh霉)閲忔笡灏戞垨鍑虹従(xi脿n)鏂扮殑浣庤Κ鍜屾€BPs绛�锛屼笂杩版儏娉佸柈鐛�(d煤)鍑虹従(xi脿n)鎴栦簩鑰呭悓鏅�(sh铆)鐧�(f膩)鐢燂紝鏄窗(x矛)鑿屽皪(du矛)β-鍏�(n猫i)閰拌兒椤炴姉鐢熺礌鑰愯棩鐨勪富瑕佹(j墨)鍒�銆�

銆€銆€3.澧炲姞浠ｈ瑵鎷姉鐗�

銆€銆€纾鸿兒钘ヨ垏閲戦粌鑹茶憽钀勭悆鑿屾帴瑙稿悗锛屽悗鑰呭彲浣垮皪(du矛)姘ㄥ熀鑻敳閰�(PABA)鐨勭敘(ch菐n)閲忓鍔�20-100鍊�锛岄珮婵冨害鐨凱ABA鑸囩：鑳鸿棩绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)浜屾矮铦堕吀鍚堥叾鏅�(sh铆)鍗犲劒(y艒u)鍕�(sh矛)锛屽緸鑰屼娇閲戦粌鑹茶憽钀勭悆鑿岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熸姉钘ユ€�銆�

銆€銆€4.鏀硅畩閫氶€忔€�

銆€銆€绱�(x矛)鑿岄€氶亷(gu貌)鍚勭ó閫斿緫浣胯棩鐗╀笉鏄撻€�(j矛n)鍏ヨ弻楂旂窗(x矛)鑳炲鑶�锛岃€屽皪(du矛)闈掗湁绱犵瓑鏈夊ぉ鐒跺睆闅滀綔鐢ㄣ€傚閵呯稜鍋囧柈鑳炶弻銆傝優澹佸鑶滃皬瀛斿緢灏�锛岃棩鐗╀笉鏄撻€�(j矛n)鍏�锛屽洜姝ゅ皪(du矛)澶ч儴鍒嗛潚闇夌礌鍜岄牠瀛㈣弻绱犺€愯棩銆�

銆€銆€5.鍔犲挤(qi谩ng)涓诲嫊(d貌ng)澶栨帓绯荤当(t菕ng)

銆€銆€澶ц吀鍩冨笇鑿�銆侀噾榛冭壊钁¤悇鐞冭弻銆侀妳缍犲亣鍠優鑿岀瓑鍧囨湁涓诲嫊(d貌ng)澶栨帓绯荤当(t菕ng)銆傜稉(j墨ng)鍏跺鎺掑紩璧疯€愯棩鐨勬姉鑿岃棩鐗╂湁鍥涚挵(hu谩n)绱�銆佹盁鍠硅閰銆佸ぇ鐠�(hu谩n)鍏�(n猫i)閰銆佹隘闇夌礌鍜�β-鍏�(n猫i)閰拌兒椤炵瓑銆�

銆€銆€6.鍏朵粬

銆€銆€(1)灏�(du矛)姘熷柟璜鹃叜椤炴姉鑿岃棩鐗╃敘(ch菐n)鐢熻€愯棩鐨勮吀妗胯弻銆佸亣鍠優鑿岀瓑鏄敱浜庢嫇?f霉)娲氭偐?g貌u)閰剁殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鏀硅畩鎵€鑷淬€�

銆€銆€(2)灏�(du矛)鍒╃闇夌礌椤炶棩鐗╃敘(ch菐n)鐢熻€愯棩鐨勮吀鐞冭弻銆侀張鐞冭弻銆佽吀妗胯弻銆佸亣鍠優鑿岀瓑鐨勮€愯棩鏄敱浜庨檷浣庝簡RNA鑱氬悎閰剁殑瑕拰鍔涖€�

銆€銆€(3)鑰愮磪闇夌礌鐨勫ぇ鑵告】鑿屼腑閮藉瓨鍦ㄧ磪闇夌礌閰叾锛岃兘閰В绱呴湁绱犵殑澶х挵(hu谩n)鍏�(n猫i)閰祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�

銆€銆€鏁呭湪姝や簩鑰呬笉灞€愯棩鎬х殑姗�(j墨)鍒躲€�

銆€銆€4銆佸彲浣滅偤绱�(x矛)鑳炲収(n猫i)淇¤櫉(h脿o)鍌抽仦鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勭浜屼俊浣垮寘鎷�

銆€銆€A.鐠�(hu谩n)纾疯吅鑻�

銆€銆€B.鑲岄唶纾疯剛

銆€銆€C.G铔嬬櫧

銆€銆€D.绲勮兒

銆€銆€E.閳ｉ洟瀛�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABE

銆€銆€绨�(ji菐n)鍠殑璎涗竴涓嬬涓€淇′娇鍜岀浜屼俊浣匡細

銆€銆€绱�(x矛)鑳炶〃闈㈠彈楂旀帴鍙楃窗(x矛)鑳炲淇¤櫉(h脿o)鍚庤綁(zhu菐n)鎻涜€屼締(l谩i)鐨勭窗(x矛)鑳炲収(n猫i)淇¤櫉(h脿o)绋辩偤绗簩淇′娇锛岃€屽皣绱�(x矛)鑳炲鐨勪俊铏�(h脿o)绋辩偤绗竴淇′娇銆�

銆€銆€绗竴淇′娇鏄寚澶氳偨椤炴縺绱�銆佺缍�(j墨ng)閬炶唱(zh矛)鍙婄窗(x矛)鑳炲洜瀛愮瓑绱�(x矛)鑳炲淇′娇鐗╄唱(zh矛)銆�

銆€銆€绗簩淇′娇鍖呮嫭鐠�(hu谩n)纾烽吀鑵鸿嫹銆佺挵(hu谩n)纾烽偿鑻�銆佽倢閱囩７鑴�銆侀垼闆㈠瓙銆佸豢纰崇儻閰搁銆佷竴姘у寲姘瓑銆�

銆€銆€绗簩淇′娇閮芥槸灏忕殑鍒嗗瓙鎴栭洟瀛�銆傜窗(x矛)鑳炲収(n猫i)鏈変簲绋渶閲嶈鐨勭浜屼俊浣匡細cAMP銆乧GMP銆�1,2-浜岄叞鐢樻补(diacylglycerol,DAG)銆�1,4,5-涓夌７閰歌倢閱�銆丆a2+ 绛�銆�

銆€銆€涓嬮潰鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹逛簡瑙ｄ竴涓�!

銆€銆€纾烽吀浜岄叝閰舵姂鍒跺姂(PDEs)鏄竴绋姂鍒剁７閰镐簩閰叾娲绘€х殑钘ョ墿銆傞伕鎿囨€х殑纾烽吀浜岄叝閰�3锛� 4锛�5鎶戝埗鍔戝湪蹇冭“銆佸摦鍠�銆侀櫧(y谩ng)鐥跨瓑鐤剧梾涓�锛屽叿鏈夊唬娉涚殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ墠鏅�銆傞€氶亷(gu貌)鎶戝埗浣縞AMP瑁傝В鐨勭７閰镐簩閰叾F-鈪�锛屾姂鍒禼AMP鐨勮瑙�锛岃€屽楂樼窗(x矛)鑳炲収(n猫i)cAMP婵冨害锛屽鍔燙a2+鍏�(n猫i)娴�锛岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熸鎬ц倢鍔涗綔鐢�銆傞櫎姝ｆ€ц倢鍔涗綔鐢ㄥ锛岀７閰镐簩閰叾鎶戝埗鍔戦倓閫氶亷(gu貌)澧為珮琛€绠″钩婊戣倢绱�(x矛)鑳炲収(n猫i)cAMP鍚噺鑰屽叿鏈夋摯(ku貌)琛€绠′綔鐢�銆�

銆€銆€钘ョ悊浣滅敤锛�

銆€銆€纾烽吀浜岄叝閰舵姂鍒跺姂灏�(du矛)纾烽吀浜岄叝閰剁殑鎶戝埗浣縞AMP姘村钩澧為珮锛宑AMP灏�(du矛)蹇冨強鍔熻兘鐨勭董鎸佸叿鏈夐噸瑕佷綔鐢�锛宑AMP姘村钩澧為珮鑳藉皫(d菐o)鑷村挤(qi谩ng)蹇冧綔鐢ㄣ€傚悇绋埗鍔戝姘ㄥ姏杈�(n贸ng)(amrinone)銆佺背鍔涜静(n贸ng)(mlrinone)銆佷緷璜炬様閰�(enoximone)鍜屼紛棣攽鍛�(imazodan)绛夌煭鏈熺殑琛€娴佸嫊(d貌ng)鍔涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)濡傚鍔犲績鎺掕閲�锛岄檷浣庡乏瀹ゅ厖鐩堝鏁堟灉鏄庨’锛屼絾闀�(zh菐ng)鏈熷彛鏈嶆皑鍔涜静(n贸ng)銆佺背鍔涜静(n贸ng)銆佷緷璜炬様閰�銆佷紛棣攽鍜€鏀瑰杽蹇冭嚐閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鑰愰噺鐨勬晥鏋滀护浜哄け鏈涖€傜背鍔涜静(n贸ng)鍜屽ぇ鍔戦噺渚濊鏄旈叜閭勫楂樼梾姝荤巼鍜屽鎬у績寰嬪け甯哥櫦(f膩)鐢熺巼銆�

銆€銆€纾烽吀浜岄叝閰舵姂鍒跺姂鎿佹湁鎶戝埗纾烽吀浜岄叝閰舵椿鎬х殑鍔熸晥锛岄檷浣庣浜屼俊浣�(cAMP鎴朿GMP)鐨勬按瑙�锛屽洜鑰屾彁鍗囩窗(x矛)鑳炲収(n猫i)cAMP鎴朿GMP鐨勬績搴︺€傛湁浜涚７閰镐簩閰叾鎶戝埗鍔戝彲閬告搰鎬у湴鎶戝埗涓嶅悓椤炲瀷鐨勭７閰镐簩閰叾鐨勬椿鎬�銆�

銆€銆€5銆侀棞(gu膩n)浜庨儴鍒嗘縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑璜栬堪姝ｇ⒑鐨勬槸

銆€銆€A.閮ㄥ垎婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ュ叿鏈夋縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ュ拰鎷姉钘ュ叐閲嶇壒鎬�

銆€銆€B.婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ヨ垏閮ㄥ垎婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ュ湪浣庢績搴︽檪(sh铆)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷崝(xi茅)鍚屼綔鐢�

銆€銆€C.澧炲姞婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑婵冨害鍙娇婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑閲忔晥鏇茬窔骞宠鍙崇Щ

銆€銆€D.閮ㄥ垎婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ヤ綔鐢ㄥ彲琚嫯鎶楄棩灏�(du矛)鎶�

銆€銆€E.鑸囧彈楂旂殑绲�(ji茅)鍚堟槸鍙€嗙殑

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABDE

銆€銆€灏囨棦鏈夎Κ鍜屽姏鍙堟湁鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬х殑钘ョ墿绋辩偤婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘�锛屽畠鍊戣兘鑸囧彈楂旂祼(ji茅)鍚堝苟婵€娲诲彈楂旇€岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熸晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆傛牴鎿�(j霉)瑕拰鍔涘拰鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�锛屾縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ュ張鑳藉垎鐐哄畬鍏ㄦ縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ュ拰閮ㄥ垎婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ャ€傚墠鑰呭皪(du矛)鍙楅珨鏈夊緢楂樼殑瑕拰鍔涘拰鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�(α=1)锛屽悗鑰呭皪(du矛)鍙楅珨鏈夊緢楂樼殑瑕拰鍔�锛屼絾鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬т笉寮�(qi谩ng)(α<1)锛岄噺-鏁堟洸绶氶珮搴�(Emax)杓冧綆锛屽嵆浣垮鍔犲姂閲�锛屼篃涓嶈兘閬�(d谩)鍒板畬鍏ㄦ縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑鏈€澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛岀浉鍙�锛屽嵒鍙洜瀹冨崰闋�(l菒ng)鍙楅珨锛岃€屾嫯鎶楁縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑閮ㄥ垎鐢熺悊鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€鎷姉钘ラ洊鍏锋湁杓冨挤(qi谩ng)鐨勮Κ鍜屽姏锛屼絾缂轰箯鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬�(α=0)鏁呬笉鑳界敘(ch菐n)鐢熸晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛屼絾鐢变簬鍏跺崰鎿�(j霉)浜嗕竴瀹氭暩(sh霉)閲忓彈楂�锛屽弽鑰屽彲鎷姉婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑浣滅敤銆傚绱嶆礇閰偤闃跨墖鍙楅珨鎷姉钘�锛屾櫘钀樻礇鐖炬槸β鑵庝笂鑵虹礌鍙楅珨鎷姉钘�銆傛湁浜涜棩鐗╀互鎷姉浣滅敤鐐轰富锛屼絾閭勬湁涓€瀹氱殑婵€鍕�(d貌ng)鍙楅珨鐨勬晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽墖鐐洪儴鍒嗘嫯鎶楄棩銆傚姘ㄧ儻娲涚埦鏄�β鑵庝笂鑵虹礌鍙楅珨閮ㄥ垎鎷姉钘�銆傛嫯鎶楄棩鍒嗙偤绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楄棩鍜岄潪绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楄棩鍏╃ó銆傜敱浜庢縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ヨ垏鍙楅珨鐨勭祼(ji茅)鍚堟槸鍙€嗙殑锛岀(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楄棩鍙垏婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ヤ簰鐩哥(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鑸囩浉鍚屽彈楂旂祼(ji茅)鍚堬紝鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф姂鍒朵綔鐢�锛屽彲閫氶亷(gu貌)澧炲姞婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑婵冨害浣垮叾鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鎭㈠京(f霉)鍒板師鍏堝柈鐢ㄦ縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ユ檪(sh铆)鐨勬按骞筹紝浣挎縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑閲�-鏁堟洸绶氬钩琛屽彸绉�锛屼絾鍏舵渶澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)涓嶈畩锛岄€欐槸绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф姂鍒剁殑閲嶈鐗瑰緛.

銆€銆€姝ら閬搁爡(xi脿ng)C鏁樿堪涓嶆纰猴紝鍥犳锛岀瓟妗堟噳(y墨ng)瑭叉槸ABDE銆�

銆€銆€閮ㄥ垎婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ラ洊鐒惰Κ鍜屽姏姣旇純寮�(qi谩ng)锛屼絾鏄叾鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬т笉澶�锛屾墍浠ヤ笉鑳介仈(d谩)鍒板畬鍏ㄦ縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑鏈€澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛岃€屼笖澶у姂閲忛倓鏈夊彲鑳藉嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鎷姉鐨勪綔鐢�;鎵€浠涓嶆纰�!

銆€銆€閮ㄥ垎婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘�(partial agonist)锛屽皪(du矛)鍙楅珨鏈夎Κ鍜屽姏锛屼絾鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄦ椿鎬ц純浣�(β<1)锛岃垏鍙楅珨鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熻純寮辩殑鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆傚嵆浣胯棩鐗╂績搴﹀鍔狅紝涔熶笉鑳介仈(d谩)鍒板畬鍏ㄦ縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ラ偅妯ｇ殑鏈€澶х殑鏁堟噳(y墨ng);浣嗙暥(d膩ng)鏈夋縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ュ瓨鍦ㄧ殑鎯呮硜涓�锛岃兘澧炲挤(qi谩ng)浣庢績搴︽縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑鐢熺悊鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛屼絾閮ㄥ垎婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ヨ兘鎷姉楂樻績搴︽縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑閮ㄥ垎鐢熺悊鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛屽鍚插摎娲涚埦锛岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熸墍璎傜殑“鍏╅噸鎬�”鐝�(xi脿n)璞�锛岃〃鐝�(xi脿n)浣庢績搴︽縺鍕�(d貌ng)锛岄珮婵冨害鎷姉銆�

銆€銆€浠ヤ笅浣滅偤鍙冭€冿細

銆€銆€1銆� 鎷姉鍔戞槸鍒嗙偤绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楀姂鍜岄潪绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鎬ф嫯鎶楀姂銆�

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銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABDE

銆€銆€鏍规摎(j霉)鏈€鏂扮増鏈噳(y墨ng)瑭︽寚鍗�锛岄厤楂旇垏鍙楅珨鐨勭祼(ji茅)鍚堟槸鍖栧(xu茅)鎬х殑锛屾棦瑕佹眰鍏╄€呯殑妲�(g貌u)璞′簰瑁�(b菙)锛岄倓闇€瑕佸叐鑰呴枔鏈夌浉浜掑惛寮曞姏銆傜禃澶у鏁�(sh霉)閰嶉珨鑸囧彈楂旂祼(ji茅)鍚堟槸閫氶亷(gu貌)鍒嗗瓙闁撶殑鍚稿紩鍔涘鑼冨痉鑿姏銆侀洟瀛愰嵉銆佹矮閸�锛屾槸鍙€嗙殑銆傚彈楂旇垏閰嶉珨鎵€褰㈡垚鐨勫京(f霉)鍚堢墿鍙互瑙ｉ洟锛屼篃鍙鍙︿竴绋壒鐣版€ч厤楂旀墍缃彌锛屽皯鏁�(sh霉)鏄€氶亷(gu貌)鍏卞児(ji脿)閸电祼(ji茅)鍚�锛屽悗鑰呭舰鎴愮殑绲�(ji茅)鍚堥洠浠ラ€嗚綁(zhu菐n)銆�

銆€銆€闆㈠瓙-鍋舵サ鍜屽伓妤�-鍋舵サ鐩镐簰浣滅敤锛氬湪钘ョ墿鍜屽彈楂斿垎瀛愪腑锛岀暥(d膩ng)纰冲師瀛愬拰鍏朵粬闆昏矤(f霉)鎬ц純澶х殑鍘熷瓙锛屽N銆丱銆丼銆侀沟绱犵瓑鎴愰嵉鏅�(sh铆)锛岀敱浜庨浕璨�(f霉)鎬ц純澶у師瀛愮殑瑾樺皫(d菐o)浣滅敤浣垮緱闆昏嵎鍒嗗竷涓嶅潎鍕伙紝灏�(d菐o)鑷撮浕瀛愮殑涓嶅皪(du矛)绋卞垎甯�锛岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熼浕鍋舵サ銆傝棩鐗╁垎瀛愮殑鍋舵サ鍙楀埌渚�(l谩i)鑷簬鐢熺墿澶у垎瀛愮殑闆㈠瓙鎴栧叾浠栭浕鍋舵サ鍩哄湗(tu谩n)鐨勭浉浜掑惛寮曪紝鑰岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熺浉浜掍綔鐢�锛岄€欑ó鐩镐簰浣滅敤灏�(du矛)绌�(w臎n)瀹氳棩鐗╁彈楂斿京(f霉)鍚堢墿璧峰埌閲嶈浣滅敤锛屼絾鏄€欑ó闆㈠瓙-鍋舵サ銆佸伓妤�-鍋舵サ鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ瘮闆㈠瓙鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑闈滈浕浣滅敤瑕佸急寰楀銆傞洟瀛�-鍋舵サ銆佸伓妤�-鍋舵サ鐩镐簰浣滅敤鐨勪緥瀛愰€氬父瑕嬩簬缇板熀椤炲寲鍚堢墿锛屽涔欓叞鑶藉牽鍜屽彈楂旂殑浣滅敤銆�

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銆€銆€9銆佸彈楂旂殑椤炲瀷鍖呮嫭

銆€銆€A.闆㈠瓙閫氶亾鍙楅珨

銆€銆€B.G铔嬬櫧鍋惰伅(li谩n)鍙楅珨

銆€銆€C.瑾�(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)鑲濊棩閰舵椿鎬х殑鍙楅珨

銆€銆€D.瑾�(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)鍩哄洜琛ㄩ仈(d谩)鐨勫彈楂�

銆€銆€E.鍏锋湁閰皑閰告縺閰舵椿鎬х殑鍙楅珨

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABDE

銆€銆€鍙楅珨鐨勯鍨嬪寘鎷�:闆㈠瓙閫氶亾鍙楅珨(閰嶉珨闁€鎺ч€氶亾鍙楅珨)銆丟铔嬬櫧鍋惰伅(li谩n)鍙楅珨銆佽(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)鍩哄洜琛ㄩ仈(d谩)鐨勫彈楂斻€佸叿鏈夐叒姘ㄩ吀婵€閰舵椿鎬х殑鍙楅珨銆�

銆€銆€鏍规摎(j霉)鍙楅珨铔嬬櫧绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佷俊鎭偝灏�(d菐o)閬�(gu貌)绋�銆佹晥鎳�(y墨ng)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佸彈楂斾綅缃瓑鐗归粸(di菐n)锛屽彈楂斿ぇ鑷村彲鍒嗙偤涓嬪垪4椤烇細 涓嶅寘鍚獵

銆€銆€1. 鍚洟瀛愰€氶亾鐨勫彈楂� 鍙堢ū鐩存帴閰嶉珨闁€鎺ч€氶亾鍨嬪彈楂�锛屽畠鍊戝瓨鍦ㄤ簬蹇€熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)绱�(x矛)鑳炵殑鑶滀笂锛岀敱鍠竴鑲介張鍙嶅京(f霉)4娆＄┛閫忕窗(x矛)鑳炶啘褰㈡垚1鍊�(g猫)浜炲柈浣�锛屽苟鐢�4锝�5鍊�(g猫)浜炲柈浣嶇祫鎴愮┛閫忕窗(x矛)鑳炶啘鐨勯洟瀛愰€氶亾锛屽彈楂旀縺鍕�(d貌ng)鏅�(sh铆)闆㈠瓙閫氶亾闁嬫斁浣跨窗(x矛)鑳炶啘鍘绘サ鍖栨垨瓒呮サ鍖�锛屽紩璧疯垐濂垨鎶戝埗鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆傛渶鏃╃櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鐨凬鍨嬩箼閰拌喗鍫垮彈楂斿氨鏄敱α×2銆�β銆�γ銆�δ5鍊�(g猫)浜炲柈浣嶇祫鎴愮殑閳夐洟瀛愰€氶亾锛屽湪α浜炲柈浣嶄笂鍚勬湁涓€鍊�(g猫)涔欓叞鑶藉牽绲�(ji茅)鍚堥粸(di菐n)(鍦�2-13A)鑸囦箼閰拌喗鍫跨祼(ji茅)鍚堝悗锛岄垑闆㈠瓙閫氶亾闁嬫斁锛岃優澶栭垑闆㈠瓙鍏�(n猫i)娴�銆佺窗(x矛)鑳炶啘鍘绘サ鍖�銆佽倢鑲夋敹绺�銆傞€欎竴閬�(gu貌)绋嬪湪鑻ュ共姣鍏�(n猫i)瀹屾垚(閳夐洟瀛愰€氶亾闁嬫斁鏅�(sh铆)闁撳儏1ms)銆傝叇涓�γ姘ㄥ熀涓侀吀(GABA)鍙楅珨鎯呮硜椤炰技锛屽叾浠栧鐢樻皑閰�銆佽胺姘ㄩ吀銆佸ぉ闁€鍐皑閰稿彈楂旈兘灞簬閫欎竴椤炲瀷銆�

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銆€銆€3.鍏锋湁閰皑閰告縺閰舵椿鎬х殑鍙楅珨 閫欎竴椤炵窗(x矛)鑳炶啘涓婄殑鍙楅珨鐢变笁鍊�(g猫)閮ㄥ垎绲勬垚锛岀窗(x矛)鑳炲鏈変竴娈佃垏閰嶉珨绲�(ji茅)鍚堝崁(q奴)锛屼腑娈电┛閫忕窗(x矛)鑳炶啘锛岃優鍏�(n猫i)鍗€(q奴)娈垫湁閰皑閰告縺閰舵椿鎬�锛岃兘淇冨叾鏈韩閰皑閰告畼鍩虹殑鑷垜纾烽吀鍖栬€屽寮�(qi谩ng)姝ら叾娲绘€�锛屽啀灏�(du矛)绱�(x矛)鑳炲収(n猫i)鍏朵粬搴曠墿浣滅敤锛屼績閫�(j矛n)鍏堕叒姘ㄩ吀纾烽吀鍖�锛屾縺娲昏優鍏�(n猫i)铔嬬櫧婵€閰�锛屽鍔燚NA鍙奟NA鍚堟垚锛屽姞閫熻泲鐧藉悎鎴�锛屽緸鑰岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熺窗(x矛)鑳炵敓闀�(zh菐ng)鍒嗗寲绛夋晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆傝儼宄剁礌銆佽儼宄剁礌妯ｇ敓闀�(zh菐ng)鍥犲瓙銆佷笂鐨敓闀�(zh菐ng)鍥犲瓙銆佽灏忔澘鐢熼暦(zh菐ng)鍥犲瓙鍙婃煇浜涙穻宸村洜瀛愮殑鍙楅珨灞簬閫欎竴椤炲瀷銆�

銆€銆€4.绱�(x矛)鑳炲収(n猫i)鍙楅珨 鐢鹃珨婵€绱犲彈楂斿瓨鍦ㄤ簬绱�(x矛)鑳炴伎鍏�(n猫i)锛岃垏鐩告噳(y墨ng)鐢鹃珨绲�(ji茅)鍚堝悗鍒嗗嚭涓€鍊�(g猫)纾烽吀鍖栬泲鐧�锛屾毚闇茶垏DNA绲�(ji茅)鍚堝崁(q奴)娈�锛岄€�(j矛n)鍏ョ窗(x矛)鑳炴牳鑳借瓨(sh铆)鍒ョ壒鐣癉NA鍫垮熀鍗€(q奴)娈靛苟鑸囦箣绲�(ji茅)鍚堣(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)鍩哄洜琛ㄩ仈(d谩)銆傜敳鐙€鑵虹礌鍙楅珨瀛樺湪浜庣窗(x矛)鑳炴牳鍏�(n猫i)锛屽姛鑳藉ぇ鑷寸浉鍚屻€�

銆€銆€10銆侀棞(gu膩n)浜庡彈楂旂殑鎻忚堪涓纰虹殑鏄�

銆€銆€A.鏄竴椤炰粙灏�(d菐o)绱�(x矛)鑳炰俊铏�(h脿o)杞�(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)鐨勫姛鑳借泲鐧借唱(zh矛)

銆€銆€B.閮芥湁鍥哄畾鐨勫垎甯冨拰鍔熻兘

銆€銆€C.琚縺鍕�(d貌ng)鍚庣殑绲�(ji茅)鏋滃彲鑳芥槸鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍣ㄥ畼鑸堝ギ锛屼篃鍙兘鏄姂鍒�

銆€銆€D.钘ョ墿蹇呴爤鍏ㄩ儴鑸囧彈楂旂祼(ji茅)鍚堟墠鑳界櫦(f膩)鎻渶澶ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€E.鍙楅珨鍙娇婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ヨ綁(zhu菐n)鍖栫偤浠ｈ瑵鐗�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABC

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銆€銆€鏍规摎(j霉)浜屾厠(t脿i)妯″瀷瀛�(xu茅)瑾�(shu艒)銆€Karlin鍜孋hangeux鏍规摎(j霉)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)璩囨枡锛屾彁鍑轰簡钘ョ墿涓€鍙楅珨鐩镐簰浣滅敤鐨勫叐鎱�(t脿i)瀛�(xu茅)瑾�(shu艒)锛屽嵆鍙楅珨妲�(g貌u)鍨嬪瓨鍦ㄥ叐绋媭鎱�(t脿i)锛屾椿鍖栨厠(t脿i)鍜屽け娲荤媭鎱�(t脿i)锛屽叐鑰呭彲浠ョ浉浜掕綁(zhu菐n)鍖�锛岃檿浜庡嫊(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)骞宠　銆傚叐绋媭鎱�(t脿i)灏�(du矛)閰嶉珨鎴栬棩鐗╃殑瑕拰鍔涗笉鍚�锛屼絾鑸囧摢涓€绋媭鎱�(t脿i)鍙楅珨绲�(ji茅)鍚�锛屽彇姹轰簬钘ョ墿鐨勮Κ鍜屽姏銆傛縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ヨ垏娲诲寲鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鍙楅珨瑕拰鍔涘ぇ锛屽叐鑰呯祼(ji茅)鍚堝悗鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛屾嫯鎶楄棩鑸囧け娲荤媭鎱�(t脿i)鍙楅珨瑕拰鍔涘ぇ锛屽叐鑰呯祼(ji茅)鍚堝悗锛屼笉鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆傜暥(d膩ng)婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ュ拰鎷姉钘ュ叡瀛樻檪(sh铆)锛屽叐鑰呯(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鍙楅珨锛屽叾鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍙栨焙浜庢椿鍖栫媭鎱�(t脿i)鍙楅珨-婵€鍕�(d貌ng)钘ュ京(f霉)鍚堢墿鑸囧け娲荤媭鎱�(t脿i)鍙楅珨-鎷姉钘ュ京(f霉)鍚堢墿涔嬮枔鐨勬瘮渚�锛岃嫢姣斾緥灏忚€咃紝鍓囨嫯鎶楄棩娓涘急鎴栭樆鏂锋縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ヤ綔鐢�銆�

銆€銆€11銆丄钘ョ殑鏁堣兘>B钘ョ殑鏁堣兘锛屽墖鍙兘

銆€銆€A.A钘ョ殑姣掓€�>B钘ョ殑姣掓€�

銆€銆€B.A钘ョ殑閬�(gu貌)鏁忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)>B钘ョ殑閬�(gu貌)鏁忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€C.A钘ョ殑涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)>B钘ョ殑涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€D.A钘ョ殑鍓綔鐢�>B钘ョ殑鍓綔鐢�

銆€銆€E.A钘ョ殑鍚庨伜鏁堟噳(y墨ng)>B钘ョ殑鍚庨伜鏁堟噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABCDE

銆€銆€閬�(gu貌)鏁忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)涓嶄絾鍙栨焙浜庝汉楂�锛屼篃鍙栨焙浜庨€欏€�(g猫)钘ョ墿锛屼緥濡傞潚闇夌礌鐨勯亷(gu貌)鏁忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)灏辨瘮鍏朵粬钘ョ墿瑕佸父瑕嬩竴浜�

銆€銆€鏁堣兘鎸囪棩鐗╃敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鐨勬渶澶т綔鐢細钘ョ墿灏�(du矛)浜洪珨钘ョ悊浣滅敤澶х殑鍚屾檪(sh铆)锛屽畠灏�(du矛)浜洪珨鐨勬瘨鍓綔鐢ㄤ篃鐩告噳(y墨ng)澧炲ぇ銆�

銆€銆€鑰岃棩鐗╁皪(du矛)姗�(j墨)楂旂殑浣滅敤鍒嗙偤鍏╁€�(g猫)鏂归潰锛氭不鐧備綔鐢ㄥ拰涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€椤岀洰涓紝鐒�(w煤)璜栨槸姣掓€у弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀亷(gu貌)鏁忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佷笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸壇浣滅敤锛岄倓鏄悗閬烘晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄兘灞簬钘ョ墿鐨勪笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€閬�(gu貌)鏁忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)涓嶄絾鍙栨焙浜庝汉楂�锛屼篃鍙栨焙浜庨€欏€�(g猫)钘ョ墿锛屼緥濡傞潚闇夌礌鐨勯亷(gu貌)鏁忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)灏辨瘮鍏朵粬钘ョ墿瑕佸父瑕嬩竴浜�

銆€銆€鏁堣兘鎸囪棩鐗╃敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鐨勬渶澶т綔鐢細钘ョ墿灏�(du矛)浜洪珨钘ョ悊浣滅敤澶х殑鍚屾檪(sh铆)锛屽畠灏�(du矛)浜洪珨鐨勬瘨鍓綔鐢ㄤ篃鐩告噳(y墨ng)澧炲ぇ銆�

銆€銆€钘ョ墿鐨勬晥鑳芥槸钘ョ墿鐨勬不鐧備綔鐢�锛屾晥鑳界殑澶у皬璺熻棩鐗╃殑鍓綔鐢ㄥぇ灏忔矑(m茅i)鏈夊繀鐒剁殑鑱�(li谩n)绯�!

銆€銆€12銆佹湁闂�(gu膩n)鍓綔鐢�锛屾纰虹殑瑾�(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)鏄�

銆€銆€A.鍓綔鐢ㄥ湪娌荤檪閲忎笅鍗冲彲鍑虹従(xi脿n)

銆€銆€B.鍓綔鐢ㄧ殑琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)杓冭紩

銆€銆€C.鐧�(f膩)鐢熷壇浣滅敤鏄敱浜庤棩鐗╀綔鐢ㄧ殑閬告搰鎬т綆

銆€銆€D.姣忓€�(g猫)钘ョ墿鐨勫壇浣滅敤鏄⒑瀹氫笉璁婄殑

銆€銆€E.鍙€氶亷(gu貌)鑱�(li谩n)鍚堢敤钘ュ姞浠ラ伩鍏�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABCE

銆€銆€鍓綔鐢ㄧ殑瀹氱京灏辨槸閫欐ǎ瑕�(gu墨)瀹氱殑锛屻€€銆€鍓綔鐢�(side銆€reaction)銆€鏄寚鍦ㄨ棩鐗╂不鐧傚姂閲忔檪(sh铆)锛屽嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勮垏娌荤檪鐩殑鐒�(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)鐨勪笉閬╁弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傚壇浣滅敤鏄敱浜庤棩鐗╃殑閬告搰鎬т綆銆佷綔鐢ㄥ唬娉涘紩璧风殑锛屼竴鑸弽鎳�(y墨ng)杓冭紩寰紝澶氭暩(sh霉)鍙互鎭㈠京(f霉)銆備緥濡傞樋鎵樺搧鐢ㄤ簬瑙ｉ櫎鑳冭吀鐥欐敚鏅�(sh铆)锛屾渻(hu矛)寮曡捣鍙ｅ共銆佸績鎮�銆佷究绉樼瓑鍓綔鐢�;鑰岀暥(d膩ng)鐢ㄤ簬楹婚唹鍓嶇郸钘ユ檪(sh铆)锛岄樋鎵樺搧娓涘皯鍛煎惛閬撳垎娉�锛屽墖鍙互闃叉鍒嗘硨鐗╅樆濉炲懠鍚搁亾鍙婂惛鍏ユ€ц偤鐐庣殑鐧�(f膩)鐢燂紝鑰屾垚鐐烘不鐧備綔鐢�锛屾笡灏戣吅楂斿垎娉岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鍙ｅ共鍙堟垚鐐哄壇浣滅敤銆傜敱姝ゅ彲瑕�锛屾湁鏅�(sh铆)鍓綔鐢ㄥ拰娌荤檪浣滅敤涔嬮枔鏄彲浠ョ浉浜掕綁(zhu菐n)璁婄殑銆�

銆€銆€渚嬪闃挎墭鍝佺敤浜庤В闄よ儍鑵哥棛鏀ｆ檪(sh铆)锛屾渻(hu矛)寮曡捣鍙ｅ共銆佸績鎮搞€佷究绉樼瓑鍓綔鐢�;鑰岀暥(d膩ng)鐢ㄤ簬楹婚唹鍓嶇郸钘ユ檪(sh铆)锛岄樋鎵樺搧娓涘皯鍛煎惛閬撳垎娉岋紝鍓囧彲浠ラ槻姝㈠垎娉岀墿闃诲鍛煎惛閬撳強鍚稿叆鎬ц偤鐐庣殑鐧�(f膩)鐢�锛岃€屾垚鐐烘不鐧備綔鐢紝娓涘皯鑵洪珨鍒嗘硨鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鍙ｅ共鍙堟垚鐐哄壇浣滅敤銆傜敱姝ゅ彲瑕�锛屾湁鏅�(sh铆)鍓綔鐢ㄥ拰娌荤檪浣滅敤涔嬮枔鏄彲浠ョ浉浜掕綁(zhu菐n)璁婄殑銆傛墍浠瑾�(shu艒)娉曚笉姝ｇ⒑!

銆€銆€13銆佺敤钘ユ檪(sh铆)鐧�(f膩)鐢熸瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫師鍥犳槸

銆€銆€A.鐢ㄨ棩鍔戦噺閬�(gu貌)澶�

銆€銆€B.鐢ㄨ棩鏅�(sh铆)闁撻亷(gu貌)涔�

銆€銆€C.姗�(j墨)楂斿垪钘ョ墿鐨勬晱鎰熸€у楂�

銆€銆€D.钘ョ墿鏈夋姉鍘熸€�

銆€銆€E.绲﹁棩閫斿緫涓嶅悎鐞�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABCE

銆€銆€姣掓€у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鏄寚鍦ㄨ棩鐗╁姂閲忛亷(gu貌)澶ф垨楂斿収(n猫i)钃勭⿳閬�(gu貌)澶�(濡傜郸钘ラ€斿緫涓嶅悎鐞嗗彲浠ュ皫(d菐o)鑷�)鏅�(sh铆)鐧�(f膩)鐢熺殑鍗卞姗�(j墨)楂旂殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屼竴鑸純鐐哄毚(y谩n)閲�銆傛瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙洜鍔戦噺閬�(gu貌)澶х珛鍗崇櫦(f膩)鐢�锛岀ū鐐烘€ユ€ф瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽鎼嶅寰挵(hu谩n)銆佸懠鍚稿拰绁炵稉(j墨ng)绛夌郴绲�(t菕ng)鍔熻兘;涔熷洜鐢ㄨ棩鏅�(sh铆)闁撻亷(gu貌)闀�(zh菐ng)锛岄€愭几鐢�(ch菐n)鐢燂紝绋辩偤鎱㈡€ф瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽鎼嶅鑲�銆佽厧銆侀楂�銆佸収(n猫i)鍒嗘硨绛夊姛鑳姐€傛煇浜涜棩鐗╁彲鑳芥湁鑷寸獊璁�銆佽嚧鐧屻€佽嚧鐣歌儙浣滅敤锛岀ū鐐鸿棩鐗╃殑涓夎嚧浣滅敤锛屽畠灞簬鎱㈡€ф瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)涓殑鐗规畩姣掓€ц寖鐤囥€傝嚚搴婇€氶亷(gu貌)澧炲姞鍔戦噺鎴栧欢闀�(zh菐ng)鐧傜▼浠ユ湡閬�(d谩)鍒版不鐧傜洰鐨勬檪(sh铆)锛屾噳(y墨ng)鑰冩叜鍒扮敤钘ラ亷(gu貌)閲忚€屽紩璧蜂腑姣掔殑鍗遍毆(xi菐n)鎬�锛屾敞鎰忔帉鎻＄敤钘ュ姂閲忓拰闁撻殧浠ュ強鏈変簺钘ョ墿鍔戦噺鐨勫€�(g猫)楂斿寲銆�

銆€銆€鐧�(f膩)鐢熸瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫師鍥犲寘鎷€�(g猫)楂斿皪(du矛)鏌愪竴钘ョ墿鏁忔劅鎬ч亷(gu貌)楂樻墍鑷�,鐩稿悓鍔戦噺鐨勬甯镐娇鐢ㄩ噺寮曡捣閬�(gu貌)搴︾殑涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傚洜姝�锛屽€�(g猫)鍒ュ皪(du矛)鏌愪簺钘ョ墿鏈夌壒娈婃晱鎰熸€х殑鐥呬汉锛屾噳(y墨ng)娓涢噺鎴栨洿鎻涘叾瀹冭棩鐗┿€�

銆€銆€閫欏€�(g猫)瑕佹牴鎿�(j霉)鍏烽珨鎯呮硜鍒ゆ柗锛屼緥濡傛湁浜涚柧鐥呮槸鏌愪簺閰舵椿鎬т綆鎴栫己澶憋紝鍙互灏�(d菐o)鑷磋棩鐗╄仛闆�锛岄€�(j矛n)鑰屽皫(d菐o)鑷翠腑姣�!

銆€銆€鏈鑰冩煡钘ョ墿鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫師鍥�銆傛瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鎸囪棩鐗╁姂閲忛亷(gu貌)澶ф垨楂斿収(n猫i)钃勭⿳閬�(gu貌)澶氭檪(sh铆)鐧�(f膩)鐢熺殑鍗卞姗�(j墨)楂旂殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岀敤钘ュ姂閲忛亷(gu貌)澶у紩璧锋€ユ€ф瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岀敤钘ユ檪(sh铆)闁撻亷(gu貌)闀�(zh菐ng)寮曡捣鎱㈡€ф瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屾(j墨)楂斿皪(du矛)钘ョ墿閬�(gu貌)浜庢晱鎰�銆佽棩鐗╂湁鎶楀師鎬ф槸璁婃厠(t脿i)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鍘熷洜锛屾(j墨)楂旀湁閬哄偝鎬х柧鐥呮槸鐗圭暟璩�(zh矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鍘熷洜銆�

銆€銆€鎵€浠ヤ笉鑳介伕鎿嘍銆�

銆€銆€姣掓€у弽鎳�(y墨ng) 鏄寚鍦ㄥ姂閲忛亷(gu貌)澶ф垨钘ョ墿鍦ㄩ珨鍏�(n猫i)钃勭⿳閬�(gu貌)澶氭檪(sh铆)鐧�(f膩)鐢熺殑鍗卞鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傛湁鏅�(sh铆)涔熻垏姗�(j墨)楂斿皪(du矛)钘ョ墿鏁忔劅鎬ч珮鏈夐棞(gu膩n)锛屼竴鑸瘮杓冨毚(y谩n)閲�銆傛瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)涓€

銆€銆€鑸槸鍙互闋�(y霉)鐭ョ殑銆備竴鑸贩鎳稿瀷娉ㄥ皠鍔戜笉瀹滅敤闈滆剤娉ㄥ皠锛屾贩鎳稿瀷娉ㄥ皠鍔戜腑鐨勯绮掓槗鍫靛琛€绠�锛岄€犳垚琛€绠℃爴濉�銆傞潨鑴堟敞灏勭劇(w煤)鍚告敹閬�(gu貌)绋�锛岀洿鎺�

銆€銆€鐢遍潨鑴堥€�(j矛n)鍏ラ珨寰挵(hu谩n)锛屽洜姝ゆ槗鐧�(f膩)鐢熷嵆鍒绘瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€娣锋嚫娑查潨鑴堟敞灏勫彲鑳芥渻(hu矛)閫犳垚姣掓€у弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€E閬搁爡(xi脿ng)鏄纰虹殑锛屽儚涓婇潰鑰佸斧瑾�(shu艒)鐨�锛屾湁浜涘姂鍨嬫槸涓嶉仼鐢ㄤ簬鏌愮ó绲﹁棩閫斿緫鐨�

銆€銆€渚嬪鏈変簺姣掓€т腑钘ュ彧鑳藉鐢�锛屼竴鏃﹀彛鏈嶇殑瑭辫偗瀹氭槸鏈�(hu矛)涓瘨鐨�锛岄€欏氨鏄郸钘ラ€斿緫鐨勫奖闊垮槢!

銆€銆€娣锋嚫鍔戜竴鑸彧鑳借倢鑲夋敞灏勭殑!涓嶈兘闈滆剤娉ㄥ皠!

銆€銆€姝らC閬搁爡(xi脿ng)鏄纰虹殑;姗�(j墨)楂斿皪(du矛)钘ョ墿鐨勬晱鎰熸€ч珮锛屾墍浠ュ皪(du矛)浜庡叾浠栦汉姝ｅ父鐨勫姂閲忓皪(du矛)浜庨€欎簺鐗规畩浜轰締(l谩i)瑾�(shu艒)灏遍亷(gu貌)閲�锛屽鏄撶敘(ch菐n)鐢熸瘨鎬�

銆€銆€鑰岄亷(gu貌)鏁忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨�“鏁忔劅鎬�”鎸囩殑鏄�“楂樻晱楂旇唱(zh矛)”锛屾敞鎰忓叐鑰呮槸鏈夊崁(q奴)鍒ョ殑!

銆€銆€14銆佽棩鐗╃殑涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍖呮嫭

銆€銆€A.鎷姉浣滅敤

銆€銆€B.姣掓€у弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€C.鑷寸暩銆佽嚧鐧�銆佽嚧绐佽畩

銆€銆€D.鍚庨伜鏁堟噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€E.绻肩櫦(f膩)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細BCDE

銆€銆€鏍规摎(j霉)娌荤檪鐩殑銆佺敤钘ュ姂閲忓ぇ灏忔垨涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍤�(y谩n)閲嶇▼搴�锛岃棩鐗╀笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙垎鐐轰互涓嬪咕椤�銆�

銆€銆€1.鍓綔鐢ㄥ壇浣滅敤(side銆€reaction)

銆€銆€2.姣掓€у弽鎳�(y墨ng)姣掓€у弽鎳�(y墨ng)(toxic銆€reaction)

銆€銆€3.璁婃厠(t脿i)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)璁婃厠(t脿i)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(allergic銆€reaction)

銆€銆€4.鍚庨伜鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍚庨伜鏁堟噳(y墨ng)(after銆€effect)

銆€銆€5.绻肩櫦(f膩)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绻肩櫦(f膩)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(secondary銆€reaction)

銆€銆€6.鍋滆棩鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍋滆棩鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(withdrawal銆€reaction)

銆€銆€7.鐗圭暟璩�(zh矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐗圭暟璩�(zh矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(idiosyncratic銆€reaction)

銆€銆€15銆佽棩鐗╅伕鎿囨€т綔鐢ㄧ殑钘ョ悊鍩虹(ch菙)鏄�

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銆€銆€C.琛€钘ユ績搴︿笉鍚�

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銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABDE

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銆€銆€A.鍚告敹蹇�

銆€銆€B.鍙伩鍏嶈儍閰哥牬澹�

銆€銆€C.鍚告敹鍚庨鍏堥毃琛€娴侀€�(j矛n)鍏ヨ倽鑷�

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銆€銆€E.鍙伩鍏嶉閬�(gu貌)娑堥櫎

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABE

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銆€銆€B.椹氬帴

銆€銆€C.姝讳骸

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銆€銆€E.閹�(zh猫n)鐥�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細BCDE

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銆€銆€鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛岀敓鐗╁皪(du矛)浜嬬墿鐨勯仼鎳�(y墨ng)鎰熻(ju茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍑虹殑浜烘€х墿鎬�銆�

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銆€銆€18銆侀棞(gu膩n)浜庤棩鐗╃殑鍩烘湰浣滅敤鍜岃棩鐞嗘晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐗归粸(di菐n)锛屾纰虹殑鏄�

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銆€銆€E.浣挎(j墨)楂旂敘(ch菐n)鐢熸柊鐨勫姛鑳�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABCD

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銆€銆€B.鍗￠Μ瑗垮钩

銆€銆€C.涓欐垔閰搁垑

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銆€銆€E.涔欑惀鑳�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABD

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銆€銆€灏�(du矛)浜庨噺-鏁堟洸绶氭枩鐜囦笉鍚岀殑钘ョ墿鑰岃█锛岄洊鐒舵不鐧傛寚鏁�(sh霉)杓冨ぇ锛屼絾閲忔晥鏇茬窔鑸囨瘨鎬ф洸绶氱殑棣栧熬浠嶅彲鑳藉嚭鐝�(xi脿n)閲嶇枈锛屽嵆ED95鍙兘澶т簬TD5銆傞€欏氨涓嶈兘瑾�(r猫n)鐐烘不鐧傛寚鏁�(sh霉)澶х殑钘ョ墿灏变竴瀹氬畨鍏�锛屽洜?y脿n)妯佃穵](m茅i)鏈夌嵅寰楀厖鍒嗙檪鏁堟檪(sh铆)灏辨湁灏戞暩(sh霉)鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╀腑姣�锛屼緥濡侫銆丅鍏╄棩鐨勯噺-鏁堟洸绶氭枩鐜囦笉鍚�锛孉钘ュ湪95%鍜�99%鏈夋晥閲忔檪(sh铆)TD95鍜孴D99鏅�(sh铆)娌�(m茅i)鏈夊嫊(d貌ng)鐗╂浜�锛岃€孊钘ュ湪ED95鍜孍D99鏅�(sh铆)锛屽墖鍒嗗垾鏈�10%鎴�20%姝讳骸銆傝(shu艒)鏄嶢钘ユ瘮B钘ュ畨鍏ㄣ€傚鏋淓D鑸嘥D鍏╂鏇茬窔鍚屾檪(sh铆)鐣嚭骞跺姞浠ユ瘮杓�锛屽墖鏇村姞娓呮銆傝純濂界殑钘ョ墿瀹夊叏鎸囨(bi膩o)鏄疞D5鑸嘐D95鎴朙D1鑸嘐D99涔嬮枔鐨勮窛闆�锛岀ū鐐鸿棩鐗╁畨鍏ㄨ寖鍦�锛屽叾鍊艰秺澶ц秺瀹夊叏銆�

銆€銆€24銆佽棩鐗╃殑鍩烘湰浣滅敤鍜岃棩鐞嗘晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐗归粸(di菐n)锛屾纰虹殑鏄�

銆€銆€A.鍏锋湁閬告搰鎬�

銆€銆€B.鍏锋湁娌荤檪浣滅敤鍜屼笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍏╅噸鎬�

銆€銆€C.钘ョ悊鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鏈夎垐濂拰鎶戝埗鍏╃ó鍩烘湰椤炲瀷

銆€銆€D.浣挎(j墨)楂旂敘(ch菐n)鐢熸柊鐨勫姛鑳�

銆€銆€E.閫氶亷(gu貌)褰遍熆姗�(j墨)楂斿浐鏈夌殑鐢熺悊銆佺敓鍖栧姛鑳借€岀櫦(f膩)鎻綔鐢�

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABCE

銆€銆€鏈閲嶅湪鑰冩煡钘ョ墿鐨勫熀鏈綔鐢ㄥ拰钘ョ悊鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鐗归粸(di菐n)銆傝棩鐗╁皪(du矛)姗�(j墨)楂旂殑浣滅敤鍙槸寮曡捣姗�(j墨)楂斿櫒瀹樺師鏈夊姛鑳界殑鏀硅畩锛屾矑(m茅i)鏈夌敘(ch菐n)鐢熸柊鐨勫姛鑳�;浣挎(j墨)楂旂敓鐞�銆佺敓鍖栧姛鑳藉寮�(qi谩ng)鐨勮棩鐗╀綔鐢ㄧū鐐鸿垐濂�锛屽紩璧锋椿鍕�(d貌ng)娓涘急鐨勮棩鐗╀綔鐢ㄧū鐐烘姂鍒�;钘ョ墿浣滅敤鍏锋湁閬告搰鎬э紝閬告搰鎬ф湁楂樻湁浣�;钘ョ墿浣滅敤鍏锋湁鍏╅噸鎬�锛屽嵆娌荤檪浣滅敤鑸囦笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)鏈�(hu矛)鍚屾檪(sh铆)鐧�(f膩)鐢�銆�

銆€銆€25銆佹湁闂�(gu膩n)姣掓€у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬晿杩版纰虹殑鏄�

銆€銆€A.涓€鑸槸鐢变簬鐢ㄨ棩鍔戦噺閬�(gu貌)澶ф墍鑷�

銆€銆€B.鑸囩敤钘ユ檪(sh铆)闁撻亷(gu貌)闀�(zh菐ng)鏈夐棞(gu膩n)

銆€銆€C.鑷寸檶鑷寸暩灞簬姣掓€у弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€D.鑸囪棩鐗╀綔鐢ㄧ殑閬告搰鎬т綆鏈夐棞(gu膩n)

銆€銆€E.鎵€鏈夎棩鐗╅兘鏈�(hu矛)鐧�(f膩)鐢熸瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABC

銆€銆€鑰冩煡閲嶉粸(di菐n)鏄瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬蹇�銆傛瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鎸囩敤钘ュ姂閲忛亷(gu貌)澶ф垨鐢ㄨ棩鏅�(sh铆)闁撻亷(gu貌)闀�(zh菐ng)鑰屽紩璧风殑涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng);鍙互闋�(y霉)鐭�锛屽彲浠ラ伩鍏嶃€�

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銆€銆€E 鐨勮(shu艒)娉曞お閬�(gu貌)绲曞皪(du矛)锛屼笉閬窫锛屾瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鏄彲浠ラ爯(y霉)鐭ワ紝鍙互閬垮厤鐨�銆�

銆€銆€鍓綔鐢ㄨ垏钘ョ墿浣滅敤鐨勯伕鎿囨€т綆鏈夐棞(gu膩n);

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銆€銆€鏍规摎(j霉)娌荤檪鐩殑銆佺敤钘ュ姂閲忓ぇ灏忔垨涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍤�(y谩n)閲嶇▼搴�锛岃棩鐗╀笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍖呮嫭锛�

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銆€銆€姣掓€у弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氭槸鎸囧湪钘ョ墿鍔戦噺閬�(gu貌)澶ф垨楂斿収(n猫i)钃勭⿳閬�(gu貌)澶氭檪(sh铆)鐧�(f膩)鐢熺殑鍗卞姗�(j墨)楂旂殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屼竴鑸純鐐哄毚(y谩n)閲�銆傛瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙洜鍔戦噺閬�(gu貌)澶х珛鍗崇櫦(f膩)鐢�锛岀ū鐐烘€ユ€ф瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽鎼嶅寰挵(hu谩n)銆佸懠鍚稿拰绁炵稉(j墨ng)绛夌郴绲�(t菕ng)鍔熻兘;涔熷洜鐢ㄨ棩鏅�(sh铆)闁撻亷(gu貌)闀�(zh菐ng)锛岄珨鍏�(n猫i)鎱㈡參钃勭⿳鍚庨€愭几鐢�(ch菐n)鐢燂紝绋辩偤鎱㈡€ф瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽鎼嶅鑲濄€佽厧銆侀楂�銆佸収(n猫i)鍒嗘硨绛夊姛鑳�銆傛煇浜涜棩鐗╁彲鑳芥湁鑷寸獊璁娿€佽嚧鐧�銆佽嚧鐣歌儙浣滅敤锛岀ū鐐鸿棩鐗╃殑涓夎嚧浣滅敤锛屽畠灞簬鎱㈡€ф瘨鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)涓殑鐗规畩姣掓€ц寖鐤�銆傝嚚搴婇€氶亷(gu貌)澧炲姞鍔戦噺鎴栧欢闀�(zh菐ng)鐧傜▼浠ユ湡閬�(d谩)鍒版不鐧傜洰鐨勬檪(sh铆)锛屾噳(y墨ng)鑰冩叜鍒扮敤钘ラ亷(gu貌)閲忚€屽紩璧蜂腑姣掔殑鍗遍毆(xi菐n)鎬�锛屾敞鎰忔帉鎻＄敤钘ュ姂閲忓拰闁撻殧浠ュ強鏈変簺钘ョ墿鍔戦噺鐨勫€�(g猫)楂斿寲銆�

銆€銆€26銆佸爆浜�“閲忓弽鎳�(y墨ng)”鐨勬寚妯�(bi膩o)鏈�

銆€銆€A.琛€钘ユ績搴︾殑璁婂寲

銆€銆€B.姝讳骸鎴栫敓瀛樼殑鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╂暩(sh霉)

銆€銆€C.鐫＄湢鑸囧惁

銆€銆€D.琛€绯栫殑娓�(c猫)瀹氬€�

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