新概念英語第四冊翻譯入門：單詞的辨別與翻譯

Word Discrimination & Translation

單詞的辨別與翻譯

Generally speaking, almost all of English words share meanings in three aspects.

總的來說，幾乎所有英語單詞的意義都表現(xiàn)在以下三個方面：

1. The structural meaning

2. The referential meaning

3. The situational meaning

1. 結(jié)構(gòu)意義

2. 指示意義

3. 語境意義

Since an English word may share a lot of meaning such as extended meaning, intentional meaning, connotativemeaning and denotative meaning, the most reliable way is to distinguish by means of situational meaning.

由于一個單詞可能會有很多意思，像引申意義、內(nèi)含意義、內(nèi)涵意義和外延意義，所以分辨單詞含義的最可靠辦法還是在語境中了解它的意思。

Please weigh the various meaning of "green" collocated with different words.

讓我們看一下"green"與不同單詞組合時所呈現(xiàn)的不同意思吧：

a green eye 嫉妒的

a green wound 未愈合的傷口

a green winter 溫暖的冬天

green corn 嫩玉米穗，甜玉米

green corp 青飼料作物

green feed 青綠飼料

green-fingered 具有高超種植花木蔬菜技能的

green hand 生手

green tea 綠茶

green with envy 十分嫉妒

green thumb 園藝技能

green as grass 幼稚，無經(jīng)驗

in the green wood (tree) 處于佳境Many English words possess synonyms which express more or less the same meaning. For example:

很多英文單詞有著與自己意思或多或少相近的同義詞，例如：

wife: woman, better half, helpmate, helpmeet, grey mare and squaw.The same is true with Chinese:

中文里也是如此：

妻子，夫人，太太，老婆，老伴，屋里人，媳婦，那口子，內(nèi)人，內(nèi)子，內(nèi)助，內(nèi)當(dāng)家，內(nèi)掌柜的，婆姨，娘子，渾家，嬌氣，仁妻，良人，玉雪，敞房，荊房，荊布，拙荊等等。Similarly, there are a lot of synonyms to "laugh" as follows:

同樣，"laught"也有很多同義詞：

smile 微笑

grin 咧嘴而笑，露齒笑

chuckle 暗笑，輕聲笑

giggle 癡笑，吃吃地笑

chortle 哈哈大笑

laugh/titter 傻笑，嗤嗤地笑

snigger 嬉皮笑臉地笑

guffaw 哄笑，放聲大笑

cackle 尖聲笑，咯咯地笑

roar 狂笑All these words share the meaning of "laugh", but they are different from one another in manner, volume, degree, mood, connotation, passion, and appeal.

所有的這些單詞都有“笑”的意思，但它們在方式、音量、程度、心情、含義、感情以及感染力方面有所區(qū)別。

*To have one's translation faithful to the original in accuracy, one must be well acquainted with the difference of synonyms.

*要使自己的翻譯精確地忠于原文，你必須熟悉同義詞之間細(xì)微的差別。