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新概念英語第二冊語法精粹:名詞性從句(3)賓語從句

更新時間:2019-03-07 08:40:00 來源:環(huán)球網(wǎng)校 瀏覽156收藏62

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摘要 小編給大家?guī)硇赂拍钣⒄Z第二冊語法精粹:名詞性從句(3)賓語從句,希望對大家有所幫助。

(三)賓語從句:在復合句中充當賓語。

1. that引導賓語從句時無含義,不充當成分,常省略?!飔hat不引導介詞的賓語從句,至于except that, in that, save that, but that等是復合從屬連詞。

I know (that) you have met him.

Let's suppose that one day this happens to you.★在及物動詞和賓語從句之間常有間接賓語(指人)。例如:

I told him (that) he was wrong.★在少數(shù)動詞如:think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, calculate, fancy, reckon, be supposed , seem, appear, feel as if, look as if, look like等后面的從句中的否定詞經(jīng)常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語動詞上,這叫否定前置/否定轉(zhuǎn)移。(hope“希望”, guess“認為”后的賓語從句否定不前置。I hope not.“我希望不是那樣的”,是I hope so.的否定式。I don't hope so.是對hope的否定:“我不希望如此”。)如:

I don't think it will be very cold today.

I don't think you are right.

I don't believe he has finished his work.注意:①非必須否定轉(zhuǎn)移。若需要強調(diào)從句的否定時就不作轉(zhuǎn)移。②不可把所有可否定轉(zhuǎn)移動詞的否定句都理解為否定賓語從句,要根據(jù)句意或語境而定。

I don't think diplomacy is a field for private enterprise.

We didn't think we'd be this late.③當think用在疑問句中,或主句中的謂語動詞與狀語連用,或主句中的謂語動詞被do強調(diào)時,不能否定轉(zhuǎn)移。

Why do you think we can't change your note?

I do believe Tom never tells a lie.

They still didn't believe that the food would come.

I can't believe that they are married.④否定轉(zhuǎn)移多用在主句動詞為一般現(xiàn)在時的情況。

主句動詞為一般過去時、過去完成時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時,或主句動詞與情態(tài)動詞連用,就不能否定轉(zhuǎn)移。此時若主句動詞為否定,應(yīng)考慮是否是對主句動詞的否定。

I had thought that he would not come.

我已經(jīng)想到了他不能來了。⑤當賓語從句中有no, never, hardly, not at all, not a bit, not...enough, can't help doing等時不能否定轉(zhuǎn)移。

I think I can't help laughing if I see it.

I believe he never tells a lie.▲許多帶賓語補足語的句子要用it作形式賓語,而把賓語從句置于句尾。

We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.

We thought it a pity that she should have missed the chance.2. whether, if引導賓語從句:表示“是否”可互換,口語中常用if。

He asked if she would come.注意下列情況下whether不可用if換:1)引導主語從句置于句首時。2)whether后沒有單詞間隔而直接跟or not時。

I don't know whether or not he will come.3) whether從句作介詞賓語時。

They are talking about whether he will win the game.

Everything depends on whether you agree with us.4)whether后接不定式時。

I don't know whether to attend the meeting.5)動詞discuss, decide的賓語從句時。3. 連接代詞what, who, whose等引導的賓語從句。

Tell me what you want.

Do you know who will come at the meeting?注意:who, whom按照傳統(tǒng)語法,從句中who所取代的名詞如果是賓語應(yīng)用賓格whom,但在口語中常用who,如:

Do you know whom (who) he will invite?①whose, which, what三個詞都帶有形容詞性質(zhì)。whose表示所有,意為“誰的”;which意為“哪一個”,what意為“什么”。如:

Whose book it is not important.

Please tell me which school you want to go.

He didn't know what time it was.②一般說來,which指的是在一個具體的、較明確的、有限的、較小范圍;而what則指較廣的或不明確的范圍。如:which food,說話人一般指眼前的或明確范圍的幾種food;what food則指許多food,而且說話人心中沒有數(shù)。

I don't know which / what food you want.

如果范圍較大或者沒有什么范圍,最好用what food。4. 連接副詞when, where, why, how引導的賓語從句。

I don't know when the meeting will be held.

Please tell me where I can find Tom.

He explained to me why he was absent from the meeting.

Can you tell me how I can get to the post office?5. 可用whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever等引導賓語從句。

Please write down whatever he is saying.

I don't know whoever will come.

I'll do whatever you ask me to.6. 表示愛憎情感的動詞,如:enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, don't mind, resent, appreciate(感激)等以及某些介詞結(jié)尾的短語動詞如:count on, depend on, rely on, see to, look forward to, be fond of, feel like, see to等后,即使沒有賓補也要先接形式賓語it,再接賓語從句。

I like it when she smiles at me.

I love it when you sing.

I hate it if I am spoken to loudly in public.

★除了but, besides, except, in, save, beyond六個介詞后跟that引導的賓語從句外,其他介詞都不能。in that是“因為”的意思,其余五個與that搭配都是“除了……”。專項訓練:1、Do you know how much hot water ______?A.Mum is needed B.does Mum need C.Mum needs D.did Mum need2、Can you tell me ______?A.where he is B.where is he C.he is where D.what is he3、I didn't know how ______ to London?A.would they go B.are they going C.they would go D.they are going4、I want to know how long ______.A.has he been back B.has he come back C.he has been back D.he has come back5、Do you know ______?A.what the news are B.what is the news C.what the news is D.what are the news6、He said he would help me with my maths if he ______ free.A.was B.will be C.would be D.is7、He will write to you as soon as he ______ to Shanghai.A.gets B.is getting C.will get D.shall get8、Father ______ music when he ______ youngA.liked…was B.liked…is C.likes…was D.likes…is9、I liked sports ______ I was young.A.so much as B.so much that C.very much when D.very much because10、______ mother got home,I was tidying my room.A.After B.When C.As soon as D.Before(后設(shè)答案,大家不要偷看(⊙o⊙)哦,(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……)KEYS1、C 2、A 3、C 4、C 5、C 6、A 7、A 8、A 9、C 10、B

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