2015年職稱英語(yǔ)考試綜合類B級(jí)閱讀材料(4)

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      2015年職稱英語(yǔ)考試綜合類B級(jí)閱讀材料(4)

　　越來(lái)越愛肢體接觸的美國(guó)人

　　《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》最近報(bào)道，美國(guó)的青少年現(xiàn)在幾乎見到每一個(gè)人都會(huì)擁抱。與過(guò)去見面時(shí)的握手問(wèn)候到分別時(shí)的 擊 掌 再見不同的是，如今的青少年選擇擁抱為他們最新的問(wèn)候方式。

　　女孩子和男孩子之間都互相相擁抱。并且，最新的潮流是，擁抱的形式有了多種多樣的變化。

　　有古典式的、全身式的、手臂的擁抱或是隨意的搭肩，群體擁抱和后身?yè)肀?。握手逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變成擁抱，而擁抱又將簡(jiǎn)化為背后的輕輕一拍。

　　表面看起來(lái)這股流行思潮很簡(jiǎn)單。然而，一些父母，老師和學(xué)校管理人員對(duì)青少年越來(lái)舉多地以擁抱的方式打招呼這一趨勢(shì)表示關(guān)切。包括擔(dān)心有一些人純粹因?yàn)閬?lái)自同伴的壓力而不得不接受這樣一種方式，擔(dān)心那些不接受擁抱這種打招呼方式的人有被邊緣化的感覺，甚至擔(dān)心見面擁抱會(huì)成為性騷擾的保護(hù)外衣。

　　為了回應(yīng)社會(huì)的這些質(zhì)疑，一些學(xué)校已經(jīng)建立了一些新的規(guī)章來(lái)限制和減少擁抱。一位學(xué)校的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)提出了將擁抱限制在三秒鐘之內(nèi)的倡議。一些學(xué)校甚至在此方面實(shí)施了更為嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定，甚至嚴(yán)禁任何形式的學(xué)生之間的擁抱。

　　這場(chǎng)社會(huì)大討論忽視掉了一些重要的方面。比如，美國(guó)從傳統(tǒng)來(lái)講在擁抱和親戚間、戀人間、朋友間、互相擁吻方面就很保守，然而，在世界的一些其他國(guó)家，人們世世代代都這樣互相問(wèn)候。

　　在拉丁美洲或西歐，如西班牙、法國(guó)、意大利，男女之間甚至不很熟悉的人們互相親吻面面頰都是很常見的。面頰親吻有著地域的不同。有時(shí)僅僅是擦過(guò)臉頰的一吻。在其他地方，最正確的問(wèn)候是在臉頰兩側(cè)各吻一下，甚至有時(shí)會(huì)再重復(fù)親吻第一次吻過(guò)的面頰。

　　拉丁美洲的人們更傾向于問(wèn)候時(shí)候互相握手。但是在一些其他國(guó)家，如土耳其，熟人之間互相親吻面頰是非常正常的。而新西蘭的毛利人一種名為”洪基”的問(wèn)候方式是互相碰觸鼻子。

　　所以，從全球角度來(lái)講，美國(guó)青少年的互相擁抱畢竟不算是什么新鮮事。全世界的人們都拉近了問(wèn)候的距離，美國(guó)人僅僅是才加入而已。

　　Americans Get Touchy

　　The New York Times recently reported that American teens are hugging practically everyone they see. Say goodbye to the greetings of the past, from the hands-off “What’s up!” to the handshake or high-five. For young people across the country, hugging is the new “Hello”

　　Girls are hugging girls. Boys are hugging boys. Girls and boys are hugging each other. And, like every major trend, there are lots of variations on the form. There’s the classic, full-body, arms-around-the-person bear hug, the casual one-armed side hug, the group hug and the hug from behind. There’s the handshake that turns into a hug and the hug that turns into a pat on the back.

　　As trends go, this one seems pretty innocent. But some parents, teachers and school administrators are worried nonetheless. Will young people who aren’t as comfortable with physical contact feel peer pressured into hugging? Will kids who don’t receive hugs feel left out? Could an extra-long hug slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment?

　　In response to some of these concerns, some schools have set up new rules to limit or eliminate hugging. One school head has created a three-second limitation4 for hugs at her school.

　　A few schools have taken even more drastic measures, placing a ban on all forms of touching between students.

　　A few important points are being left out of the discussion. While the US has traditionally been reserved about touching-saving hugs and kisses for relatives, romantic partners and very close friends - people in many other parts of the world have been greeting each other this way for ages.

　　In Latin America or Western Europe, in countries like Spain, France, and Italy, a kiss on the cheek is common among women, as well as among women and men who are not romantically involved. The cheek-kiss varies by region. Sometimes it is just an air kiss blown past the face. In other places, the proper way of greeting is to deliver a kiss upon both cheeks, or sometimes even a triplet of kisses performed by kissing one cheek, then the other, then back to the first. Latin American men are more likely to shake hands when greeting other men, but in some countries like Turkey, it’s not unusual for men who know each other well to exchange kisses on the cheek. Meanwhile, for the Maori people of New Zealand, a traditional greeting called the “hongi” involves pressing noses together.