2014年職稱英語理工C完形填空原文

　　閱讀理解第三篇 Citizen Scientists

　　Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle1 events-flowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring - all around the world. But ecologists can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists, for help.

　　Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest - birds, trees, flowers budding, etc. - and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.

　　A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Pheonology Network. "Phenology" is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.

　　One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year. The program, called Project BudBurst, collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States. People participating in the project - which is open to everyone - record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.

　　"People don't have to be plant experts -they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood," says Jennifer Schwartz, an education consultant with the project. "As we collect this data, we'll be able to make an estimate of how plants and eommunities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes."

　　譯文：公民科學家

　　理解大自然對氣候變化有怎樣的反應需要監(jiān)視世界各個角落的關(guān)鍵生命周期事件――花開、葉子的出現(xiàn)、第一只青蛙叫出春天的到來。但是生態(tài)學家不可能去到世界的各個角落，所以他們向非科學家求助，這些非科學家有時也被稱作公民科學家。

　　氣象科學家不可能足跡遍及天下。因為在世界上有如此多的地方，沒有足夠的科學家來觀察它們。所以他們請求你來幫助觀察全世界氣候變化的跡象。公民科學家運動鼓勵普通人根據(jù)自己的興趣來觀察某一個特定的方面――鳥兒、樹木、花卉等等一一并把他們的觀察結(jié)果發(fā)送到一個巨大的數(shù)據(jù)庫來供專業(yè)科學家研究。這有助于數(shù)量有限的科學家得到如果只靠他們自己根本收集不到的巨大數(shù)據(jù)。就像公民記者幫助報道傳統(tǒng)新聞報道方式所忽略的小型社區(qū)的相關(guān)信息一樣，公民科學家也對他們所居住的環(huán)境很熟悉。所需要的就是每天或每周留出兒分鐘來搜集數(shù)據(jù)并發(fā)送過來。

　　一群科學家和教育家在去年發(fā)起了一個叫做紐約國家物候?qū)W的組織。“物候?qū)W”就是科學家們所說的在自然中研究每個事件的時間。

　　其中一個小組的首要嘗試就是依靠科學家和非科學家來收集關(guān)于每年植物開花和長葉子的數(shù)據(jù)。這一項目叫做花季追蹤計劃，它收集遍布美國的各種各樣的植物生長周期的數(shù)據(jù)。參與這一項目的人們一一這一計劃對所有人開放――把他們的觀察記錄登錄在花季追蹤計劃網(wǎng)站上。

　　“人們不需要是植物學家――他們僅僅需要環(huán)視四周看看周圍有什么。”Jennifer Schwarts說，她是這項計劃的教育顧問�！巴ㄟ^收集數(shù)據(jù)，我們就能夠估算出氣候變化對植物和生物群落會有怎樣的影響。

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