2013缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)甯€冭│鎴愮妇(j墨)鏌ヨ|2013骞寸稉(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)甯垚绺�(j墨)鍠�=鍎�(y艒u)鎯犲埜|涓€灏�(du矛)涓€淇濋亷(gu貌)濂楅

 缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)甯€冭│鑰冨悗寰佹枃绲㈤簵闁嬪暉~~ |鏌ュ垎鍫�(b脿o)鍠滃笘~~

銆€銆€鍥涖€佷紒妤�(y猫)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ョ殑鎺у埗

銆€銆€鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ユ帶鍒讹紝鏄寚浼佹キ(y猫)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ョ鐞嗚€呭強鍙冭垏鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ョ殑瀵�(sh铆)鏂借€呮牴鎿�(j霉)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ョ洰妯�(bi膩o)鍜岃鍕�(d貌ng)鏂规锛屽皪(du矛)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ョ殑瀵�(sh铆)鏂界媭娉侀€�(j矛n)琛屽叏闈㈢殑瑭�(p铆ng)瀵�锛屽強鏅�(sh铆)鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鍋忓樊骞剁尘姝ｅ亸宸殑娲诲嫊(d貌ng)銆�

銆€銆€(涓€)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ユ帶鍒剁殑鍘熷墖(鐔熸倝)

銆€銆€鈼� 纰轰繚鐩(bi膩o)鍘熷墖锛氶仈(d谩)鎴愪紒妤�(y猫)鐩(bi膩o)銆�

銆€銆€鈼� 閬╁害鎺у埗鍘熷墖锛氬毚(y谩n)鏍间絾涓嶄箯褰堟€с€�

銆€銆€鈼� 閬╂檪(sh铆)鎺у埗鍘熷墖锛氶伕鎿囬仼鐣�(d膩ng)鏅�(sh铆)姗�(j墨)銆�

銆€銆€鈼� 閬╂噳(y墨ng)鎬у師鍓囷細閬╂噳(y墨ng)涓嶅悓鎯呮硜銆�

銆€銆€(浜�)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ユ帶鍒舵祦绋�

銆€銆€鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ユ帶鍒剁殑鐩(bi膩o)灏辨槸浣夸紒妤�(y猫)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ョ殑瀵�(sh铆)闅涘(sh铆)鏂芥晥鏋滅洝閲忕鍚堟埌(zh脿n)鐣ョ殑闋�(y霉)鏈熺洰妯�(bi膩o)銆傛埌(zh脿n)鐣ユ帶鍒堕亷(gu貌)绋嬪彲浠ュ垎鐐哄洓鍊�(g猫)姝ラ(鎺屾彙)锛屽嵆鍒跺畾绺�(j墨)鏁堟(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)銆佽　閲忓(sh铆)闅涚妇(j墨)鏁�銆佸鏌ョ祼(ji茅)鏋滀互鍙婇噰鍙栫尘鍋忔帾鏂姐€傛槸涓€鍊�(g猫)涓嶆柗鍦拌偗瀹氳垏鍚﹀畾鐨勫惊鐠�(hu谩n)閬�(gu貌)绋�銆�

銆€銆€1.鍒跺畾绺�(j墨)鏁堟(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)锛氭帶鍒舵(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎴栨脯(c猫)瑭�(p铆ng)妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鏄湪鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ヨ▓(j矛)鍔冩寚灏�(d菐o)涓嬪缓绔嬬殑銆�

銆€銆€2.琛￠噺瀵�(sh铆)闅涚妇(j墨)鏁堬細灏囦紒妤�(y猫)鐨勫(sh铆)闅涚妇(j墨)鏁堣垏鎺у埗妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)閫�(j矛n)琛屾瘮杓冦€�

銆€銆€3.瀵╂煡绲�(ji茅)鏋滐細鎵惧嚭瀵�(sh铆)闅涙椿鍕�(d貌ng)鎴愭晥鑸囪⿻(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐨勫樊璺濆強鍏剁敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鍘熷洜銆�

銆€銆€4.閲囧彇绯惧亸鎺柦锛氶噰鍙栫尘鍋忔帾鏂芥渶绲傛槸鎺у埗閬�(gu貌)绋嬬殑閲嶉粸(di菐n)銆�

銆€銆€(涓�)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ユ帶鍒剁殑鏂规硶

銆€銆€1.鏉滈偊鍒嗘瀽娉曪細(瑭茶病(c谩i)鍕�(w霉)鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng)鐗瑰垾閬╃敤浜庣敘(ch菐n)鍝佸妯ｅ寲鐨勫ぇ鍨嬩紒妤�(y猫))

銆€銆€鏉滈偊鍒嗘瀽娉曚腑鐨勫咕绋富瑕佺殑璨�(c谩i)鍕�(w霉)鎸囨(bi膩o)闂�(gu膩n)绯荤偤锛�

銆€銆€鍑堣硣鐢�(ch菐n)鏀剁泭鐜�= 鍑堟敹鐩�/绺芥瑠(qu谩n)鐩娾€︹€︹€︹€︹€︹€︹€﹀叕寮�1

銆€銆€鍏紡1鍒嗗瓙鍒嗘瘝鍚屾檪(sh铆)涔樹互绺借硣鐢�(ch菐n)寰楀埌锛�

銆€銆€鍑堣硣鐢�(ch菐n)鏀剁泭鐜� =(鍑堟敹鐩�/绺芥瑠(qu谩n)鐩�)脳(绺借硣鐢�(ch菐n)/绺借硣鐢�(ch菐n))

銆€銆€=(鍑堟敹鐩�/绺借硣鐢�(ch菐n))脳(绺借硣鐢�(ch菐n)/绺芥瑠(qu谩n)鐩�)鈥︹€︹€︹€﹀叕寮�2

銆€銆€=璩囩敘(ch菐n)鍑堝埄鐜嚸楁瑠(qu谩n)鐩婁箻鏁�(sh霉)

銆€銆€鍏紡2鍒嗗瓙鍒嗘瘝鍚屾檪(sh铆)涔樹互閵峰敭鏀跺叆寰楀埌锛�

銆€銆€鍑堣硣鐢�(ch菐n)鏀剁泭鐜�= (鍑堟敹鐩�/閵峰敭鏀跺叆)脳(閵峰敭鏀跺叆/绺借硣鐢�(ch菐n))脳(绺借硣鐢�(ch菐n)/绺芥瑠(qu谩n)鐩�)

銆€銆€=閵峰敭鍑堝埄鐜嚸楄硣鐢�(ch菐n)鍛ㄨ綁(zhu菐n)鐜嚸楁瑠(qu谩n)鐩婁箻鏁�(sh霉)

銆€銆€=(閵峰敭鍑堝埄鐜嚸楄硣鐢�(ch菐n)鍛ㄨ綁(zhu菐n)鐜�)脳[1梅(1-璩囩敘(ch菐n)璨�(f霉)鍌电巼)]

銆€銆€2.骞宠　瑷樺垎鍗�

銆€銆€骞宠　瑷樺垎鍗＄殑瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鍖呮嫭鍥涘€�(g猫)鏂归潰锛氳病(c谩i)鍕�(w霉)瑙掑害銆侀¨瀹㈣搴�銆佸収(n猫i)閮ㄧ稉(j墨ng)鐕�(y铆ng)娴佺▼銆佸(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鑸囨垚闀�(zh菐ng)銆�

銆€銆€3.鍒╂饯(r霉n)瑷�(j矛)鍔冭吉鐩�

銆€銆€鐢卞搱浣涘晢瀛�(xu茅)闄㈠伐鍟嗙鐞嗗(xu茅)鏁欐巿缇呬集鐗�?瑗胯挋鏂�(Robert Simons)1998骞村湪銆婂埄娼�(r霉n)瑷�(j矛)鍔冭瑷ｃ€嬩竴鏂囦腑鎻愬嚭鐨勪竴绋熀浜庝紒妤�(y猫)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ョ殑妤�(y猫)绺�(j墨)?c猫)u(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)妯″紡銆�

銆€銆€鍒╂饯(r霉n)瑷�(j矛)鍔冭吉鐩ょ敱鍒╂饯(r霉n)杓洡銆佺従(xi脿n)閲戣吉鐩ゅ拰鍑堣硣鐢�(ch菐n)鏀剁泭鐜囪吉鐩や笁閮ㄥ垎绲勬垚銆�

銆€銆€鈼� 绗竴灞ゆ鏄埄娼�(r霉n)杓洡銆傚埄娼�(r霉n)瑷�(j矛)鍔冩鎷簡鏌愬€�(g猫)鏈締(l谩i)鐨勬渻(hu矛)瑷�(j矛)鏈熼枔鍏�(n猫i)闋�(y霉)鏈熺殑鏀跺叆娴佸叆鍜岃不(f猫i)鐢ㄦ祦鍑猴紝鍒╂饯(r霉n)杓洡鏄埄娼�(r霉n)瑷�(j矛)鍔冭吉鐩ょ殑鍩虹(ch菙)銆�

銆€銆€鈼� 绗簩灞ゆ鏄従(xi脿n)閲戣吉鐩�銆傚湪鍒╂饯(r霉n)瑷�(j矛)鍔冭瑾�(r猫n)鍙箣鍓�锛岀鐞嗚€呭繀闋堥爯(y霉)娓�(c猫)鏄惁鏈夎冻澶犵殑鐝�(xi脿n)閲戞敮鎸佺嚐(y铆ng)閬�(y霉n)锛屽鏋滀笉鑳芥豢瓒抽€欎簺绱勬潫姊濅欢锛屽墖蹇呴爤閲嶆柊瑾�(di脿o)鏁村埄娼�(r霉n)瑷�(j矛)鍔�銆�

銆€銆€鈼� 绗笁灞ゆ鏄噲璩囩敘(ch菐n)鏀剁泭鐜囪吉鐩�銆傚鏋滃噲璩囩敘(ch菐n)鏀剁泭鐜囬爯(y霉)娓�(c猫)鍊间笉鑳芥豢瓒虫姇璩囪€呯殑闋�(y霉)鏈熻姹�锛岀鐞嗚€呭氨瑕侀噸鏂拌€冩叜鍒╂饯(r霉n)瑷�(j矛)鍔�锛屽鍔犲埄娼�(r霉n)鎴栨彁楂樿硣鐢�(ch菐n)鐨勪娇鐢ㄦ晥鐜�銆�

銆€銆€銆愪緥椤�1?鍠伕椤屻€戞煇鏃ュ寲鐢熺敘(ch菐n)浼佹キ(y猫)鐐轰簡鎻愰珮鐗欒啅鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佸湪甯傚牬(ch菐ng)涓殑绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鍦颁綅锛屽姞澶у厭绔ョ墮鑶忕殑鎶曡硣鍜岀爺鐧�(f膩)鍔涘害锛屼笉鏂烽枊鎷撳厭绔ョ墮鑶忓競鍫�(ch菐ng)锛屽緸浼佹キ(y猫)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ュ堡娆″垎鏋�锛岃┎浼佹キ(y猫)鐨勬闋�(xi脿ng)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ュ爆浜�(銆€)銆�(2011骞�)

銆€銆€A.浼佹キ(y猫)绺介珨鎴�(zh脿n)鐣�

銆€銆€B.浼佹キ(y猫)妤�(y猫)鍕�(w霉)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣�

銆€銆€C.浼佹キ(y猫)鐕�(y铆ng)閵锋埌(zh脿n)鐣�

銆€銆€D.浼佹キ(y猫)鑱疯兘鎴�(zh脿n)鐣�

銆€銆€銆庢纰虹瓟妗堛€廈

銆€銆€銆庣瓟妗堣В鏋愩€忎紒妤�(y猫)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ュ寘鎷紒妤�(y猫)绺介珨鎴�(zh脿n)鐣�銆佷紒妤�(y猫)妤�(y猫)鍕�(w霉)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ュ拰浼佹キ(y猫)鑱疯兘鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ヤ笁鍊�(g猫)灞ゆ銆傝┎浼佹キ(y猫)閲濆皪(du矛)鐨勬槸鍏掔鐗欒啅妤�(y猫)鍕�(w霉)鐨勭(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)绛栫暐锛屽洜姝ゅ爆浜庝紒妤�(y猫)妤�(y猫)鍕�(w霉)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣�銆�

銆€銆€銆愪緥椤�2?鍠伕椤屻€戞煇瀹堕浕浼佹キ(y猫)鐐烘嫇灞曠稉(j墨ng)鐕�(y铆ng)闋�(l菒ng)鍩�锛屾焙瀹氶€�(j矛n)杌嶉啱(y墨)钘ヨ妤�(y猫)銆傚緸鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ュ堡娆¤搴﹀垎鏋�锛岃┎浼佹キ(y猫)鐨勬闋�(xi脿ng)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ュ爆浜�(銆€)銆�(2010骞�)

銆€銆€A.浼佹キ(y猫)绺介珨鎴�(zh脿n)鐣�

銆€銆€B.浼佹キ(y猫)妤�(y猫)鍕�(w霉)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣�

銆€銆€C.浼佹キ(y猫)閮ㄩ杸鎴�(zh脿n)鐣�

銆€銆€D.浼佹キ(y猫)鑱疯兘鎴�(zh脿n)鐣�

銆€銆€銆庢纰虹瓟妗堛€廇

銆€銆€銆庣瓟妗堣В鏋愩€忔湰椤岃€冩煡浼佹キ(y猫)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ョ殑灞ゆ銆傗€滃闆烩€濅紒妤�(y猫)閫�(j矛n)杌嶁€滈啱(y墨)钘ヨ妤�(y猫)鈥�锛岄€欏(sh铆)琛岀殑鏄鍏冨寲鐧�(f膩)灞曟埌(zh脿n)鐣ワ紝瑭叉埌(zh脿n)鐣ュ爆浜庝紒妤�(y猫)绺介珨鎴�(zh脿n)鐣�銆�

銆€銆€銆愪緥椤�3?鍠伕椤屻€戞埌(zh脿n)鐣ュ(sh铆)鏂芥祦绋嬬殑绗竴姝ラ鐐�(銆€)銆�(2008)

銆€銆€A.鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ユ柟妗堢殑鍒嗚В鑸囧(sh铆)鏂�

銆€銆€B.鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ヨ畩鍖栧垎鏋�

銆€銆€C.绲勭箶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)瑾�(di脿o)鏁�

銆€銆€D.鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ュ(sh铆)鏂界殑鑰冩牳鑸囩崕(ji菐ng)鍕�(l矛)

銆€銆€銆庢纰虹瓟妗堛€廈

銆€銆€銆庣瓟妗堣В鏋愩€忔湰椤岃€冩煡浼佹キ(y猫)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ョ殑瀵�(sh铆)鏂姐€傚寘鎷笁鍊�(g猫)姝ラ锛氭埌(zh脿n)鐣ヨ畩鍖栧垎鏋�銆佹埌(zh脿n)鐣ユ柟妗堝垎瑙ｈ垏瀵�(sh铆)鏂�銆佹埌(zh脿n)鐣ュ(sh铆)鏂界殑鑰冩牳鍜屾縺鍕�(l矛)銆�

銆€銆€銆愪緥椤�4?鍠伕椤屻€戜紒妤�(y猫)鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ュ緸鍩哄堡鍠綅鑷笅鑰屼笂鍦扮敘(ch菐n)鐢�锛屽苟鍔犱互鎺ㄩ€�(j矛n)鍜屽(sh铆)鏂姐€傞€欑ó鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ュ(sh铆)鏂界殑鏄�(銆€)妯″紡銆�

銆€銆€A.鎸囨彯鍨�

銆€銆€B.杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栧瀷

銆€銆€C.鍚堜綔鍨�

銆€銆€D.澧為暦(zh菐ng)鍨�

銆€銆€銆庢纰虹瓟妗堛€廌

銆€銆€銆庣瓟妗堣В鏋愩€忎紒妤�(y猫)鐨勬埌(zh脿n)鐣ユ槸寰炲熀灞ゅ柈浣嶈嚜涓嬭€屼笂鍦扮敘(ch菐n)鐢熷爆浜庡闀�(zh菐ng)鍨嬫ā寮忋€�

銆€銆€銆愪緥椤�5?鍠伕椤屻€戜紒妤�(y猫)閫氬父閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄥ悇绋従(xi脿n)浠ｅ寲鐨勬帶鍒舵柟娉曢€�(j矛n)琛屾埌(zh脿n)鐣ユ帶鍒躲€傞亱(y霉n)鐢ㄦ潨閭﹀垎鏋愭硶鏃ㄥ湪閫�(j矛n)琛�(銆€)銆�(2009骞�)

銆€銆€A.璩�(zh矛)閲忔帶鍒�

銆€銆€B.閫�(j矛n)搴︽帶鍒�

銆€銆€C.璨�(c谩i)鍕�(w霉)鎺у埗

銆€銆€D.宸ヨ棟鎺у埗

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銆€銆€A.璨�(c谩i)鍕�(w霉)灞ら潰

銆€銆€B.椤у灞ら潰

銆€銆€C.鐢熺敘(ch菐n)灞ら潰

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