如何領(lǐng)會職稱英語閱讀中作者的觀點(diǎn)意圖和態(tài)度

　　與掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意類似，領(lǐng)會作者的觀點(diǎn)、意圖和態(tài)度也是閱讀理解題中較難解答的問題?；卮疬@類題首先要在閱讀過程中注意體會和覺察作者的觀點(diǎn)、意圖和態(tài)度。這種信息有時(shí)是直接表達(dá)的，但更多的是間接、含蓄的流露。不過，作者的這種主觀情感和態(tài)度往往和全文的主題和要點(diǎn)相關(guān)聯(lián)。所以，在根據(jù)主題和主旨的同時(shí)，應(yīng)注意揣測作者的觀點(diǎn)、意圖和態(tài)度。

　　下面是這類題的一些常用的提問方式：

　　1. The author´s main purpose in this passage is

　　2. The author´s purpose of writing this passage is __

　　3. In this passage the author´s attitude toward ...could best be described as

　　4. What is the author´s attitude toward

　　5. The author´s main thought is that __

　　6. The author probably feels that

　　7. The author appears to feel that

　　8. Which of the following does the author want to illustrate in discussing ...?

　　9. In this passage the author looks on ... with an attitude of

　　10. What is the tone of the passage?

　　11. What is the author´s opinion about ...?

　　12. The author uses the example of... to show that ________

　　例1

　　I entered the hotel manager’s office and sat down. I had just lost ￡50 and I felt very upset. "I left the money in my room," I said, "and it´s not there now." The manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing. "Everyone´s losing money these days." he said. He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. A girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. It contained ￡50. "I found this outside this gentleman´s room." she said. "Well, "I said to the manager, "there is still some honesty in this world!"

　　1. What did the writer believe had happened to his money?

　　A. He had left his money in the manager´s office.

　　B. Someone had stolen his money.

　　C. The manager had the money.

　　D. The girl had stolen the money.

　　作者說：“I left the money in my room，and it’s not there now”，這句話的含義就是 “He believed that someone had stolen his money”。因此，選項(xiàng)B是正確答案。

　　例2

　　We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!

　　Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.

　　In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.

　　Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encour~/ge our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.

　　1. In the passage the author´s attitude towards "mixed-ability teaching" is ________

　　A. critical B. questioning

　　C. approving D. objective

　　本題考核學(xué)生是否讀懂作者對混合編班的態(tài)度。要回答該問題，首先要清楚四個選項(xiàng)的不同含義。選項(xiàng)A表示作者持“批評的”態(tài)度，選項(xiàng)B表示作者持“懷疑的”態(tài)度，選項(xiàng)C表示作者持“贊同的”態(tài)度，選項(xiàng)D表示作者持“客觀的”態(tài)度。根據(jù)文章的第一段內(nèi)容，可以看出作者是持“贊同的”態(tài)度，所用的人稱代詞也是we，因此答案是選項(xiàng)C。如果是持“客觀的”態(tài)度的話，則人稱代詞不會用we。

　　2. The author argues that a teacher´s chief concern should be the development of the student´s _______.

　　A. personal qualities and social skills

　　B. total personality

　　C. learning ability and communicative skills

　　D. intellectual ability

　　本題要求根據(jù)文章的意思推測作者的觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，可以看出學(xué)生的total personality(總體素質(zhì))包括了academic ability or intellectual ability, personal qualities和 social skills。也就是說這些能力都是total personality的方方面面。再看一下這一段的第二;三兩句，可以得出正確的答案應(yīng)該是選項(xiàng)8。其他幾個選項(xiàng)的意思都不全面，都不能反映作者的充分開發(fā)學(xué)生的全面能力的主張。

　　3. The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to______.

　　A. argue for teaching bright and not―SO-bright pupils in the same class

　　B. recommend pair work and group work for classroom activities

　　C. offer advice on the proper use of the library

　　D. emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching

　　本題要求讀者了解作者寫這篇文章的意圖是什么。文章討論了兩種上課的方式： streaming pupils把學(xué)生按能力分班進(jìn)行教學(xué)，和mixed―ability teaching把程度不齊的學(xué)生混班上課。并對比列舉了前者的弊端和后者的種種優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因此A項(xiàng)是正確的答案。而選項(xiàng)B、c、D中提到的幾種做法均為mixed.ability teachin9的具體做法，都不能看做是作者寫這篇文章的目的。這個題目要看懂全文才能夠答對。