銆€銆€鍏嶇柅鎳�(y墨ng)绛�(immuneresponse)鏄(j墨)楂斿厤鐤郴绲�(t菕ng)灏嶆姉鍘熷埡婵€鎵€鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑浠ユ帓闄ゆ姉鍘熺偤鐩殑鐨勭敓鐞嗛亷绋�銆傞€欏€嬮亷绋嬫槸鍏嶇柅绯荤当(t菕ng)鍚勯儴鍒嗙敓鐞嗗姛鑳界殑缍滃悎楂旂従(xi脿n)锛屽寘鎷簡鎶楀師閬炲憟銆佹穻宸寸窗(x矛)鑳炴椿鍖�銆佸厤鐤垎瀛愬舰鎴愬強鍏嶇柅鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鐧�(f膩)鐢熺瓑涓€绯诲垪鐨勭敓鐞嗗弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傞€氶亷鏈夋晥鐨勫厤鐤噳(y墨ng)绛旓紝姗�(j墨)楂斿緱浠ョ董璀�(h霉)鍏�(n猫i)鐠�(hu谩n)澧冪殑绌�(w臎n)瀹�銆�

銆€銆€涓€銆佸厤鐤噳(y墨ng)绛旂殑鍩烘湰閬庣▼

銆€銆€鍏嶇柅鎳�(y墨ng)绛旂殑鐧�(f膩)鐢�銆佺櫦(f膩)灞曞拰鏈€绲傛晥鎳�(y墨ng)鏄竴鍊嬬浉鐣�(d膩ng)寰�(f霉)闆溿€佷絾鍙堣(gu墨)寰嬫湁搴忕殑鐢熺悊閬庣▼锛岄€欏€嬮亷绋嬪彲浠ヤ汉鐐哄湴鍒嗘垚涓夊€嬮殠娈�銆�

銆€銆€1.鎶楀師璀樺垾闅庢(antigen-recognitingphase)鏄姉鍘熼€氶亷鏌愪竴閫斿緫閫�(j矛n)鍏ユ(j墨)楂旓紝骞惰鍏嶇柅绱�(x矛)鑳炶瓨鍒�銆侀仦鍛堝拰瑾樺皫(d菐o)绱�(x矛)鑳炴椿鍖栫殑闁嬪鏅傛湡锛屽張绋辨劅鎳�(y墨ng)闅庢銆備竴鑸�锛屾姉鍘熼€�(j矛n)鍏ユ(j墨)楂斿悗锛岄鍏堣灞€閮ㄧ殑鍠牳-宸ㄥ櫖绱�(x矛)鑳炴垨鍏朵粬杓斾綈绱�(x矛)鑳炲悶鍣拰铏曠悊锛岀劧鍚庝互鏈夋晥鐨勬柟寮�(鑸嘙HC鈪￠鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)鍚�)閬炲憟绲H绱�(x矛)鑳�;B绱�(x矛)鑳炲彲浠ュ埄鐢ㄥ叾琛ㄩ潰鐨勫厤鐤悆铔嬬櫧鍒嗗瓙鐩存帴鑸囨姉鍘熺祼(ji茅)鍚�锛屽苟涓斿彲灏囨姉鍘熼仦鍛堢郸TH绱�(x矛)鑳�銆俆绱�(x矛)鑳炶垏 B绱�(x矛)鑳炲彲浠ヨ瓨鍒ヤ笉鍚岀ó椤炵殑鎶楀師锛屾墍浠ヤ笉鍚岀殑鎶楀師鍙互閬告搰鎬у湴瑾樺皫(d菐o)绱�(x矛)鑳炲厤鐤噳(y墨ng)绛旀垨鎶楅珨鍏嶇柅鎳�(y墨ng)绛�锛屾垨鑰呭悓鏅傝獦灏�(d菐o)鍏╃ó椤炲瀷鐨勫厤鐤噳(y墨ng)绛�銆傚彟涓€鏂归潰锛屼竴绋姉鍘熼?锛涜殟鑲挎偁顑戞叞璧¤妿顑嵏鍠綨鎶楀師琛ㄤ綅锛屽洜姝ゅ彲琚笉鍚屽厠闅嗙殑绱�(x矛)鑳炴墍璀樺垾锛岃獦灏�(d菐o)澶氱壒鐣版€х殑鍏嶇柅鎳�(y墨ng)绛�銆�

銆€銆€2.娣嬪反绱�(x矛)鑳炴椿鍖栭殠娈�(lymphocyte-activatingphase)鏄帴鍙楁姉鍘熷埡婵€鐨勬穻宸寸窗(x矛)鑳炴椿鍖栧拰澧炴畺鐨勬檪鏈�锛屽張鍙ū鐐烘椿鍖栭殠娈�銆傚儏鍍呮姉鍘熷埡婵€涓嶈冻浠ヤ娇娣嬪反绱�(x矛)鑳炴椿鍖栵紝閭勯渶瑕佸彟澶栫殑淇¤櫉;TH绱�(x矛)鑳炴帴鍙楀崝(xi茅)鍚屽埡婵€鍚�锛孊绱�(x矛)鑳炴帴鍙楄紨鍔╁洜瀛愬悗鎵嶈兘娲诲寲;娲诲寲鍚庣殑娣嬪反绱�(x矛)鑳炶繀閫熷垎鍖栧娈栵紝璁婃垚杓冨ぇ鐨勭窗(x矛)鑳炲厠闅�銆�

銆€銆€鍒嗗寲澧炴畺鍚庣殑TH绱�(x矛)鑳炲彲鐢�(ch菐n)鐢烮L-2銆両L-4銆両L-5鍜孖FN绛夌窗(x矛)鑳炲洜瀛�锛屼績閫�(j矛n)鑷韩鍜屽叾浠栧厤鐤窗(x矛)鑳炵殑鍒嗗寲澧炴畺锛岀敓鎴愬ぇ閲忕殑鍏嶇柅鏁堟噳(y墨ng)绱�(x矛)鑳�銆侭绱�(x矛)鑳炲垎鍖栧娈栬畩?y艒u)姒儳a(ch菐n)鐢熸姉楂旂殑婕跨窗(x矛)鑳�锛屾伎绱�(x矛)鑳炲垎娉屽ぇ閲忕殑鎶楅珨鍒嗗瓙閫�(j矛n)鍏ヨ寰挵(hu谩n)銆傞€欐檪姗�(j墨)楂斿凡閫�(j矛n)鍏ュ厤鐤噳(y墨ng)婵€鐙€鎱�(t脿i)锛屼篃绋辩偤鑷存晱鐙€鎱�(t脿i)銆�

銆€銆€3.鎶楀師娓呴櫎闅庢(antigen-eliminatingphase)鏄厤鐤晥鎳�(y墨ng)绱�(x矛)鑳炲拰鎶楅珨鐧�(f膩)鎻綔鐢ㄥ皣鎶楀師婊呮椿骞跺緸楂斿収(n猫i)娓呴櫎鐨勬檪鏈�锛屼篃绋辨晥鎳�(y墨ng)闅庢銆傞€欐檪濡傛灉瑾樺皫(d菐o)鍏嶇柅鎳�(y墨ng)绛旂殑鎶楀師閭勬矑鏈夋秷澶憋紝鎴栬€呭啀娆￠€�(j矛n)鍏ヨ嚧鏁忕殑姗�(j墨)楂�锛屾晥鎳�(y墨ng)绱�(x矛)鑳炲拰鎶楅珨灏辨渻鑸囨姉鍘熺櫦(f膩)鐢熶竴绯诲垪鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

銆€銆€鎶楅珨鑸囨姉鍘熺祼(ji茅)鍚堝舰鎴愭姉鍘熷京(f霉)鍚堢墿锛屽皣鎶楀師婊呮椿鍙婃竻闄�;T鏁堟噳(y墨ng)绱�(x矛)鑳炶垏鎶楀師鎺ヨЦ閲嬫斁澶氱ó绱�(x矛)鑳炲洜瀛愶紝瑾樼櫦(f膩)鍏嶇柅鐐庣櫏;CTL鐩存帴娈哄偡闈剁窗(x矛)鑳�銆傞€氶亷浠ヤ笂姗�(j墨)鍒�锛岄仈(d谩)鍒版竻闄ゆ姉鍘熺殑鐩殑銆�

銆€銆€浜�銆佸厤鐤噳(y墨ng)绛旂殑瀹氫綅

銆€銆€鎶楀師缍�(j墨ng)鐨啔鎴栫矘鑶滈€�(j矛n)鍏ユ(j墨)楂斾互鍚庯紝涓€鑸湪閫�(j矛n)鍏ラ儴浣嶅嵆琚紨浣愮窗(x矛)鑳炴崟鐛茶檿鐞�锛屽苟閬炲憟绲﹂檮杩戠殑娣嬪反绱�(x矛)鑳�;濡傛灉闄勮繎娌掓湁鐩告噳(y墨ng)鐗圭暟鎬х殑娣嬪反绱�(x矛)鑳烇紝杓斾綈绱�(x矛)鑳炴渻娌胯憲娣嬪反绱�(x矛)鑳炲啀寰挵(hu谩n)鐨勯€斿緫鍘诲皨鎵�?锛熶箹顓嶈皩鑲璇捐潡缂ュ惞鐜暀骞氭仛顑卞悵t涓嶈秺閬庨檮杩戠殑娣嬪反绲�(ji茅)锛屽湪閭ｉ噷鏈冭杓斾綈绱�(x矛)鑳炴崟鐛�锛岄仦鍛堢郸娣嬪反绱�(x矛)鑳炪€傜劇璜栧湪浣曡檿寰楀埌鎶楀師鍒烘縺锛屾穻宸寸窗(x矛)鑳為兘鏈冮伔绉诲埌闄勮繎娣嬪反绲勭箶锛屽苟閫氶亷姝稿发鍙楅珨瀹氬眳浜庡悇鑷浉鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫崁(q奴)鍩�锛屽湪閭ｉ噷鍒嗚澧炴畺銆佺敘(ch菐n)鐢熸姉楂旀垨绱�(x矛)鑳炲洜瀛�銆傛墍浠ュ鍛ㄥ厤鐤櫒瀹樻槸鍏嶇柅鎳�(y墨ng)绛旂櫦(f膩)鐢熺殑閮ㄤ綅銆�

銆€銆€娣嬪反绱�(x矛)鑳炵殑澶ч噺澧炴畺灏�(d菐o)鑷村鍛ㄦ穻宸寸祫绻旂櫦(f膩)鐢熷舰鎱�(t脿i)瀛�(xu茅)鏀硅畩锛歍绱�(x矛)鑳炲娈栦娇鍏惰兏鑵轰緷璩村崁(q奴)璁婂帤銆佺窗(x矛)鑳炲瘑搴﹀澶�;B绱�(x矛)鑳炲娈栦娇闈炶兏鑵轰緷璩村崁(q奴)澧炲ぇ锛屽湪婵炬场鍗€(q奴)褰㈡垚鐢熺櫦(f膩)涓績銆傛墍浠ュ湪鐧�(f膩)鐢熸劅鏌撶瓑鎶楀師鍏ヤ镜鏅�锛屽彲瑕嬮檮杩戠殑娣嬪反绲�(ji茅)鑵ぇ绛夌従(xi脿n)璞�锛屼究鏄厤鐤噳(y墨ng)绛旂櫦(f膩)鐢熺殑璀夋槑銆�

銆€銆€鍦ㄥ眬閮ㄧ櫦(f膩)鐢熺殑鍏嶇柅鎳�(y墨ng)绛�锛屽彲寰竴瀹氱殑閫斿緫鎿�(ku貌)灞曞埌韬珨鐨勫叾浠栭儴浣嶇敋鑷冲叏韬悇铏�銆傛姉楂斿彲鐩存帴閫�(j矛n)鍏ヨ寰挵(hu谩n)锛屽緢瀹规槗鍦伴亶甯冨叏韬�;T绱�(x矛)鑳炲墖寰炲娈栧崁(q奴)閫�(j矛n)鍏ユ穻宸寸窗(x矛)鑳炲啀寰挵(hu谩n)锛屼篃鍙互寰堝揩閬嶅強鍏ㄨ韩銆傚湪绮樿啘瑾樺皫(d菐o)鐨勫眬閮ㄥ厤鐤噳(y墨ng)绛旓紝鍒嗘硨鍨婭gA涓嶈兘閫氶亷琛€寰挵(hu谩n)鍚戝叏韬摯(ku貌)鏁�锛屼絾娣嬪反绱�(x矛)鑳炲彲缍�(j墨ng)鐢卞啀寰挵(hu谩n)鐨勯€斿緫锛岄€氶亷鐗规畩鐨勬宸㈠彈楂旈伕鎿囨€у湴瀹氬眳浜庡叾浠栭儴浣嶇殑绮樿啘绲勭箶锛屽畾鍚戝湴杞�(zhu菐n)绉诲眬閮ㄥ厤鐤€�銆�

銆€銆€涓夈€佸厤鐤噳(y墨ng)绛旂殑椤炲瀷

銆€銆€鏍规摎(j霉)鎶楀師鍒烘縺銆佸弮鑸囩窗(x矛)鑳炴垨鎳�(y墨ng)绛旀晥鏋滅瓑鍚勬柟闈㈢殑宸暟锛屽厤鐤噳(y墨ng)绛斿彲浠ュ垎鎴愪笉鍚岀殑椤炲瀷銆�

銆€銆€1.鎸夊弮鑸囩窗(x矛)鑳炲垎椤炴牴鎿�(j霉)涓诲皫(d菐o)鍏嶇柅鎳�(y墨ng)绛旂殑娲绘€х窗(x矛)鑳為鍨�锛屽彲鍒嗙偤绱�(x矛)鑳炰粙灏�(d菐o)鍏嶇柅(cellmediatedimmunity锛孋MI)鍜岄珨娑插厤鐤�(humoralimmunity)鍏╁ぇ椤�銆侰MI鏄疶绱�(x矛)鑳炰粙灏�(d菐o)鐨勫厤鐤噳(y墨ng)绛�锛岀啊绋辩偤绱�(x矛)鑳炲厤鐤紝浣嗚垏E.Metchnikoff鎻忚堪鐨勭窗(x矛)鑳炲厤鐤�(鍚炲櫖绱�(x矛)鑳炲厤鐤�)宸叉湁鏈唱(zh矛)鐨勫崁(q奴)鍒�銆傞珨娑插厤鐤槸B绱�(x矛)鑳炰粙灏�(d菐o)鐨勫厤鐤噳(y墨ng)绛旓紝涔熷彲绋辨姉楂旀噳(y墨ng)绛�锛屼互琛€娓呬腑鍑虹従(xi脿n)寰挵(hu谩n)鎶楅珨鐐虹壒寰併€�

銆€銆€2.鎸夋姉鍘熷埡婵€闋嗗簭鍒嗛鏌愭姉鍘熷垵娆″埡婵€姗�(j墨)楂旇垏涓€瀹氭檪鏈熷収(n猫i)鍐嶆鎴栧娆″埡婵€姗�(j墨)楂斿彲鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熶笉鍚岀殑鎳�(y墨ng)绛旀晥鏋�锛屾摎(j霉)姝ゅ彲鍒嗙偤鍒濇鎳�(y墨ng)绛�(primaryresponse)鍜屽啀娆℃噳(y墨ng)绛�(secondaryresponse)鍏╅銆備竴鑸湴瑾�锛屼笉璜栨槸绱�(x矛)鑳炲厤鐤倓鏄珨娑插厤鐤�锛屽垵娆℃噳(y墨ng)绛旀瘮杓冪珐鎱㈡煍鍜�锛屽啀娆℃噳(y墨ng)绛斿墖杓冨揩閫熸縺鐑�銆�

銆€銆€3.鎸夋噳(y墨ng)绛旀晥鏋滃垎椤炰竴鑸儏娉佷笅锛屽厤鐤噳(y墨ng)绛旂殑绲�(ji茅)鏋滄槸鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷厤鐤垎瀛愭垨鏁堟噳(y墨ng)绱�(x矛)鑳烇紝鍏锋湁鎶楁劅鏌�銆佹姉鑵槫绛夊皪姗�(j墨)楂旀湁鍒╃殑鏁堟灉锛岀ū鐐哄厤鐤繚璀�(h霉)(immunoprotection);浣嗗湪鍙︿竴浜涙浠朵笅锛岄亷搴︽垨涓嶉仼瀹滅殑鍏嶇柅鎳�(y墨ng)绛斾篃鍙皫(d菐o)鑷寸梾鐞嗘悕鍌凤紝绋辩偤瓒呮晱鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(hypersensitivity)锛屽寘鎷皪鑷韩鎶楀師鎳�(y墨ng)绛旂敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鑷韩鍏嶇柅鐥呫€傝垏姝ょ浉鍙�锛岀壒瀹氭浠朵笅鐨勫厤鐤噳(y墨ng)绛斿彲涓嶈〃鐝�(xi脿n)鍑轰换浣曟槑椤晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛岀ū鐐哄厤鐤€愬彈(immunotolerance)銆�

銆€銆€鍙﹀锛屽湪鍏嶇柅绯荤当(t菕ng)鐧�(f膩)鑲蹭笉鍏ㄦ檪锛屽彲琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍑烘煇涓€鏂归潰鎴栧叏闈㈢殑鍏嶇柅缂洪櫡(immunodeficiency);鑰屽厤鐤郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勭梾鐞嗘€у鐢熻€岀ū鐐哄厤鐤娈栫梾(immunoproliferation)銆�

灏忕法鎺ㄨ枽锛�2012骞村叏鍦嬪悇鍦拌(w猫i)鐢熻硣鏍艰€冭│鎴愮妇鏌ヨ鍖附

鍏ㄦ柊濂楅锛堢媭鍏冪彮銆佹鐪肩彮銆佹帰鑺辩彮锛夌伀鐔变笂绶�锛�6鎶樺劒(y艒u)鎯犻€�(j矛n)琛屼腑

2012妾㈤涓荤鎶€甯叏鐪熸ā鎿│椤屽強绛旀鍖附

2013骞磋(w猫i)鐢熷皥妤�(y猫)鎶€琛�(sh霉)璩囨牸鑰冭│鍫辫€冩浠�

琛�(w猫i)鐢熻伔绋卞悇灏堟キ(y猫)鎷涚敓绨＄珷

鏌ョ湅鏇村锛�妾㈤鎶€澹珅鎶€甯珅涓荤鎶€甯€冭│  妾㈤鎶€澹湪绶氭ā鑰� 妾㈤鍏嶈不瑭﹁伣