公共英語(yǔ)二級(jí)考試復(fù)習(xí)資料:社會(huì)關(guān)系

第二十八課  社會(huì)關(guān)系

1、相關(guān)文化背景知識(shí)介紹

⑴ 關(guān)于美國(guó)緬因州

緬因州位于美國(guó)東北部，在1820年成為美國(guó)的第二十三個(gè)州。緬因州的自然資源比較豐富，湖泊和森林眾多，因而緬因州被昵稱(chēng)為‘松樹(shù)州’，而山雀被稱(chēng)為緬因州的州鳥(niǎo)。奧古斯塔是首府，位于緬因州的西南部，緬因州最大的城市是波特蘭，風(fēng)景秀麗迷人，附近有著名的肯姆登丘陵州公園。

⑵ 關(guān)于國(guó)外斗牛節(jié)

斗牛在國(guó)外被認(rèn)識(shí)是一種體育娛樂(lè)運(yùn)動(dòng)，美國(guó)的西部牛仔經(jīng)常舉行斗牛比賽，世界上最有名氣的應(yīng)該是西班牙的斗牛，在那里斗牛稱(chēng)為‘國(guó)技’，素有‘斗牛王國(guó)’之稱(chēng)。西班牙斗牛的歷史悠久，最初只是人們獵取野獸的方式，最終逐漸地演變成一種娛樂(lè)形式并建立了眾多斗牛場(chǎng)。馬德里頻繁得舉行斗牛比賽，全國(guó)上下的人們都瘋狂地?zé)釔?ài)這一運(yùn)動(dòng)。

2、核心詞匯講解

⑴ donate  v.   捐贈(zèng)，贈(zèng)予
考點(diǎn)：donate… to …  …捐贈(zèng)…
例句：My grandmother donated a large sum of money to the village primary school.

⑵ address  v. 向。。。講話(huà)，寫(xiě)信給。致（函等）
考點(diǎn)：address oneself to 對(duì)。。。說(shuō)；著手，從事于
例句：The Education Secretary had to address a hostile crowd of teachers.

⑶ discard  v. 丟棄
考點(diǎn)：discard the dross and select the essential 去粗取精
例句：He discarded the old theory.

⑷ foresee  v. 預(yù)見(jiàn)，預(yù)知
考點(diǎn)：foresee  trouble  預(yù)見(jiàn)到有問(wèn)題
      foresee  the rapid increase in …預(yù)知。。。激增
例句：We should have foreseen this trouble.

⑸ intend  v. 想要，打算
考點(diǎn)：be intended to (do)  意思是；是用來(lái)
be intended to be 規(guī)定為，確定為
It is intended that… 企圖、意圖是。。。
例句：He intends his son to manage the company.

⑹ accomplish v. 完成（任務(wù)）等
考點(diǎn)：accomplish a purpose  達(dá)到目的
例句：They accomplished a glorious task.

⑺ possess  v. 擁有，占有；支配
考點(diǎn)：be possessed of  擁有，占有
      be exclusively possessed by 在。。。把持下
possess oneself of  取得，獲得，把。。。占為己有
possess  sb.  of  sth.  使某人擁有某物；使某人熟悉某事
例句：He possessed 5 acres of land.

3、核心短語(yǔ)講解

⑴ raise  funds  募捐，募捐款項(xiàng)
   raise 的常用意思是‘舉起，上升’，在這里是‘籌集’的意思，同義詞組為 raise money.
例如： We are raising funds for this orphanage.
       They have to raise funds for their activity.

⑵ give the green light to  給。。。開(kāi)綠燈
green light 本意為‘綠燈’，其比喻意思為‘放行，準(zhǔn)許，批準(zhǔn)’。例如：
Why does the government give the green light to this company?

⑶ the root cause  根本原因
root 的常用意思為‘根，根部’，這里是‘根源’的意思。詞組 root up 指‘根除，肅清’。例如：The root cause of this accident is the driver’s overspeed.

⑷ rest on  依靠，依賴(lài)
詞組形式為 rest on sb./sth. ，同義詞組為 depend on sb./sth. 例如：
The poor boy’s hopes rests on his father who left family two years ago.

⑸ run for  競(jìng)選，當(dāng)。。。候選人
后面接 sb./sth. , 其同義詞組為 run in sth. 例如：
Do you want to run for this position?

4、核心句型講解

⑴ These individual-run offices are also conveniently located in the neighborhoods rather than in downtown areas so ordinary citizens can legal help from them more easily.
譯文：這些個(gè)人開(kāi)辦的事務(wù)所也是十分地方便，它們就在附近地區(qū)，而不是在市區(qū)，所以普通市民可以從它們那里很容易得到法律幫助。
講解：individual-run 指‘個(gè)人開(kāi)辦的’， 中間要有連字符。be located in 指‘位于，坐落于’，rather than 指‘不要，不是，不愿’，選擇的是前者。例如：
He is going to go abroad rather than his little brother.

⑵ Looking ahead at the next four years, without question unemployment and economy are my major concern and I will no doubt deal with these issues.
譯文：展望以后的4年，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)失業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)是我主要關(guān)心的問(wèn)題，我將盡力處理這些問(wèn)題。
講解：Looking… 短語(yǔ)是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是I, without question 指‘毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)’，其同義詞組還有 out of question ,past question。例如：
Without question she is an excellent teacher.

⑶ I intended to campaign hard and not rest on my laurels and I believe the voters are satisfied with what I have accomplished and will support me and re-elect me…
譯文：我打算努力參加競(jìng)選，不依靠我的殊榮，我相信投票者會(huì)對(duì)我做的成績(jī)滿(mǎn)意，也將支持我，再次選舉我。

講解：intend to do sth. 指‘打算/想要做某事’，what 引導(dǎo)的句子做 are satisfied with 的賓語(yǔ)。 Support 的常用詞組為 support sb./ sth. (in sth.) 指‘支持/幫助某人（某事物）’。例如：
Most of his friends don’t support him in his resignation.

5、重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)講解

⑴ 分詞做狀語(yǔ)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、理由、條件、讓步、連續(xù)等，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。
例如：Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
=As I didn’t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
=If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.

⑵ 選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語(yǔ)。如分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的，就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過(guò)去分詞。例如：
Used for a long time , the book looks old.
Using the book, I find it useful.

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