2020考研英語二真題答案及解析：Section Ⅱ Text 2（網(wǎng)友版）

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2020年研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試試題(英語二)

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 2

It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500% The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year.

The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.

Today's CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills than simply being able to“run the company" CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there' s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is farly mind-boggling plus, virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.

The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governmance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger govemnance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.”

Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.

26. Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?

[A] The growth in the number of corporations

[B] The general pay rise with a better economy

[C] Increased business opportunities for top firms

[D] Close cooperation among leading economies

27. Compared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to______

[A] foster a stronger sense of teamwork

[B] finance more research and development

[C] establish closer ties with tech companies

[D] operate more globalized companies

28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite______

[A] continual internal opposition

[B] strict corporate governance

[C] conservative business strategies

[D] Repeated government warnings

29. High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps______

[A] confirm the status of CEOs

[B] motivate inside candidates

[C] boost the efficiency of CEOs

[D] increase corporate value

30. The most suitable title for this text would be______

[A] CEOs Are Not Overpaid

[B] CEO Pay: Past and Present

[C] CEOs' challenges of Today

[D] CEO Traits: Not Easy to Define

答案解析

26.【答案】C Increased business opportunities for top firms

解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞CEO pay rise及題干中對CEO薪酬增加原因的提問，定位到第二段首句The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.了解CEO薪酬增長的最佳模式是，CEO人才在一個頂級公司的商業(yè)機會迅速增長的世界里是有限的。正確答案C Increased business opportunities for top firms增加頂級公司商業(yè)機會的增加。干擾項A的The growth in the number of corporations公司數(shù)量的增長，文中并不是說公司數(shù)量而是商業(yè)機會，屬于偷換概念。選項B的The general pay rise with a better economy好轉(zhuǎn)的經(jīng)濟帶來的普遍加薪，文中并未提到better economy，屬于無中生有。選項D的Close cooperation among leading economies 主要經(jīng)濟體之間的密切合作，文中也并未提到經(jīng)濟體之間的何做，屬于無中生有。

27.【答案】D operate more globalized companies

解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞predecessors及today's CEOs定位到第三段第二句They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. 他們還需要比他們的前任更好的公關(guān)技巧，因為即使是一個小失誤的成本也可能是巨大的。選項中并未提到，繼續(xù)往后看Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. 還有一個事實是，美國的大公司比以往任何時候都更加全球化，供應鏈遍布更多的國家。正確答案D operate more globalized companies經(jīng)營更全球化的公司是該句內(nèi)容的同義替換。干擾項A的foster a stronger sense of teamwork培養(yǎng)更強的團隊合作意識，文中提到意識，只有對金融市場有很好的了解，甚至公司應該如何進行交易的意識，屬于偷換概念。選項B的finance more research and development資助更多的研發(fā)，定位段并沒有提到，屬于無中生有。選項D的establish closer ties with tech companies與科技公司建立更緊密的聯(lián)系，定位段并未提到，屬于無中生有。

28.【答案】B strict corporate governance

解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the 1970s定位到第四段第三句Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. 然而，首席執(zhí)行官的薪酬主要是在這一治理更加有力的時期一直居高不下。正確答案B strict corporate governance嚴格的公司管理，屬于原文內(nèi)容的替換表達。干擾項A的continual internal opposition持續(xù)的內(nèi)部對立在文中并未提到，屬于無中生有。選項C的 conservative business strategies 保守的商業(yè)策略，定位段并沒有提到，屬于無中生有。選項D的repeated government warnings 政府的再三警告定位段并未提到，屬于無中生有。

29.【答案】D increase corporate value

解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞High CEO pay及順序出題規(guī)則，繼續(xù)看尾段，定位句是And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.當公司把首席執(zhí)行官的薪酬與股票價格掛鉤時，股票市場的反應是積極的，這表明這些做法不僅為首席執(zhí)行官帶來機制，而且創(chuàng)造了公司價值。正確答案D increase corporate value增加公司價值，是原文內(nèi)容的替換表達。干擾項A的confirm the status of CEOs證實CEO的地位，定位段并未提到，屬于無中生有。選項B的motivate inside candidates激發(fā)內(nèi)部候選人的積極性，文中尾段首句首席執(zhí)行官的最高薪水是付給外部候選人的，而不是付給那些舒適的內(nèi)部人選，屬于偷換概念。選項C的boost the efficiency of CEOs提高CEO的效率，定位段未提到，屬于無中生有。

30. 【答案】A CEOs Are Not Overpaid

解析：本題目為主旨題，考察文章主旨。根據(jù)題干分析文章主題詞為CEO的薪酬，所以排除C項、D項選項A的CEOs Are Not Overpaid 首席執(zhí)行官的薪水并不高。選項B的CEO Pay: Past and Present CEO的薪酬：過去和現(xiàn)在，而CEO過去的薪酬并不是原文中心，屬于偏離主題，因此正確選項為A。

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