2009年考研英語二翻譯真題解析

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2009年考研英語二翻譯真題解析

Part Ⅳ Translation

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural an important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46 It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but part of its original motive. 

Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences;family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity;systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others,etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted,and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.

Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.

But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.

The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.

If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.

50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering,a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling.In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.

翻譯解析參考

解析：

46、It may be said that the measure of theworth of any social institution is its effect inenlarging and improving experience; but thiseffect is not a part of its original motive.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

并列分句及形式主語結(jié)構(gòu)//It may be said主語從句//that the measure of the worth of any socialinstitution is its effect 介詞短語作后置定語/in enlarging and improving experience; 并列分句//butthis effect is not a part of its original motive.

詞義推敲：

the measure of 對(duì)……的衡量

social institution社會(huì)制度

effect效果，效應(yīng)，影響

enlarging and improving experience擴(kuò)展(或擴(kuò)大)和改進(jìn)(或提升)經(jīng)驗(yàn)

original原始的，最初的

motive動(dòng)機(jī)，目的

參考譯文：

可以說，對(duì)任何社會(huì)制度的價(jià)值的衡量在于它在擴(kuò)展和改進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)方面的效應(yīng)，但是這種效應(yīng)并不是它原始動(dòng)機(jī)的一部分。

得分重點(diǎn)：

主語從句，后置定語，后一個(gè)分句的賓語

47、Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only moregradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of theinstitution.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

并列句及倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)//Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, 并列句及倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)//and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conductof the institution.

詞義推敲：

gradually逐漸地，漸漸地

by-product副產(chǎn)品，意外結(jié)果、副作用

directive指導(dǎo)性的

the conduct of the institution制度的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)(或?qū)嵤?

參考譯文：

社會(huì)制度的這種副效應(yīng)是逐漸地被意識(shí)到的，而認(rèn)識(shí)到這種效應(yīng)是制度運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的指導(dǎo)性因素則更加緩慢。

得分重點(diǎn)：

兩個(gè)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，呈遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的兩個(gè)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分

48、While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upontheir disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

讓步狀語從句//While 形式主語/it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our actsupon their disposition, 主句及形式主語//it is比較結(jié)構(gòu)/ not so easy 比較結(jié)構(gòu)/as in dealing withadults.

詞義推敲：

Ignore忽視，忽略

contact with與……接觸、聯(lián)系

the effect of our acts我們的行為產(chǎn)生的影響

disposition氣質(zhì)，性格

deal with adults與成年人打交道、接觸

參考譯文：

雖然在我們與年輕人接觸時(shí)，很容易忽略我們的行為對(duì)他們的性格產(chǎn)生的影響，但這并不像與成年人打交道那么簡(jiǎn)單。

得分重點(diǎn)：

讓步狀語從句，形式主語

49、Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common lifewe cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which willsecure this ability.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

原因狀語從句//Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life 主句//we cannot help considering 賓語從句//whether or not we are forming the powers 定語從句which will secure this ability.

詞義推敲：

chief business主要任務(wù)，主要職責(zé)，主要事務(wù)

enable使…能夠…

share in a common life參與共同的生活

cannot help considering情不自禁地考慮，禁不住考慮，不得不考慮

whether or not是否

secure this ability確保這個(gè)能力

參考譯文：

既然我們的主要任務(wù)在于使年輕人參與共同生活，那么我們不得不考慮我們是否在構(gòu)建能夠確保我們獲得這種能力的力量。

得分重點(diǎn)：

原因狀語從句，whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，定語從句

50、We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which wehave been so far considering, a more formal kind of education — that of direct tuitionor schooling.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

主句//We are thus led to distinguish, 插入語//within the broad educational process定語從句// which we have been so far considering, 主句的賓語/a more formal kind of education – 定語從句的賓語/that of direct tuition or schooling.

詞義推敲：

distinguish區(qū)分，區(qū)別

the broad educational process寬泛的教育進(jìn)程

so far到目前(現(xiàn)在)為止，直至目前(現(xiàn)在)

that 在此處代指“教育”

direct tuition直接教導(dǎo)

schooling學(xué)校教育

參考譯文：

因此，我們可以在上文所述及(目前為止已經(jīng)考慮到地)的寬泛的教育進(jìn)程中，區(qū)分出一種更加正規(guī)的教育，即直接教導(dǎo)或?qū)W校教育。

得分重點(diǎn)：

插入語，定語從句，后置插入語

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