銆€銆€绗竴绡€(ji茅)姘ｉ珨鍒嗗瓙鍕曠悊璜�

銆€銆€涓€ 鍩烘湰姒傚康

銆€銆€1. 绯荤当(t菕ng)鑸囧鐣�

銆€銆€(1) 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绯荤当(t菕ng)(绨＄ū绯荤当(t菕ng))锛氬湪绲﹀畾鑼冨湇鍏�(n猫i)锛岀敱澶ч噺寰绮掑瓙鎵€绲勬垚鐨勫畯瑙€瀹㈤珨銆�

銆€銆€(2) 绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勫鐣�(绨＄ū澶栫晫)锛氳兘澶犺垏鎵€鐮旂┒鐨勭啽鍔涘(xu茅)绯荤当(t菕ng)鐧�(f膩)鐢熺浉浜掍綔鐢ㄧ殑鍏跺畠鐗╅珨銆�

銆€銆€2. 瀹忚鎻忚堪鍜屽井瑙€鎻忚堪

銆€銆€(1) 瀹忚鎻忚堪 瀹忚閲�

銆€銆€灏嶄簬涓€鍊�(g猫)绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭媭鎱�(t脿i)锛屽緸鏁撮珨涓婂姞浠ユ弿杩扮殑鏂规硶鍙畯瑙€鎻忚堪銆傞€欐檪(sh铆)鎵€鐢ㄧ殑琛ㄥ緛绯荤当(t菕ng)鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鍜屽爆鎬х殑鐗╃悊閲�锛岀ū鐐哄畯瑙€閲�(macroscopic quantity) 銆備緥锛歅銆乂銆乀銆�

銆€銆€瀹忚閲忓彲鐩存帴鐢ㄥ剙鍣ㄦ脯閲�锛屼笖涓€鑸浜虹殑鎰熷畼鎵€瀵熻銆�

銆€銆€(2)寰鎻忚堪 寰閲�

銆€銆€閫氶亷灏嶅井瑙€绮掑瓙閬�(y霉n)鍕曠媭鎱�(t脿i)鐨勮鏄庤€屽皪绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭媭鎱�(t脿i)鍔犱互鎻忚堪锛岄€欑ó鏂规硶鎴愮偤寰鎻忚堪銆傛弿杩板柈鍊�(g猫)寰绮掑瓙閬�(y霉n)鍕曠媭鎱�(t脿i)鐨勭墿鐞嗛噺鍙仛寰閲�(microscopic quantity) 銆備緥锛氬柈鍊�(g猫)鍒嗗瓙鐨勏�, m , p銆傚井瑙€閲忎竴鑸笉鑳界洿鎺ユ脯閲�锛屼笖涓嶆槗琚汉鐨勬劅瀹樻墍瀵熻銆�

銆€銆€3. 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)骞宠　鎱�(t脿i)鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼

銆€銆€(1) 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)骞宠　鎱�(t脿i)(equilibrium state)

銆€銆€涓€鍊�(g猫)绯荤当(t菕ng)鍦ㄤ笉鍙楀鐣屽奖闊跨殑姊濅欢涓�锛屽鏋滃畠鐨勫畯瑙€鎬ц唱(zh矛)铏曡檿鍧囧嫽涓斾笉鍐嶉毃鏅�(sh铆)闁撹畩鍖栵紝鎴戝€戝氨瑾€欏€�(g猫)绯荤当(t菕ng)铏曚簬鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)骞宠　鎱�(t脿i)銆傜啊绋卞钩琛℃厠(t脿i)銆傜啽鍔涘(xu茅)骞宠　鎱�(t脿i)鏄竴绋嫊鎱�(t脿i)骞宠　锛岀ū涔嬬偤鐔卞嫊骞宠　銆�

銆€銆€(2) 鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼

銆€銆€灏嶄簬涓€瀹氱殑绯荤当(t菕ng)锛屽湪骞宠　鎱�(t脿i)涓嬶紝鍏剁媭鎱�(t脿i)鍙冮噺婊胯冻涓€瀹氱殑鍑芥暩(sh霉)闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛岀ū涔嬬偤鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼銆�

銆€銆€鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼

銆€銆€1. 鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨鐨勭媭鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼

銆€銆€涓€瀹氳唱(zh矛)閲忕殑鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨锛岀暥(d膩ng)涓嶅繀鑰冩叜闆荤鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鏅�(sh铆)锛屽彲鐪嬩綔绨″柈绯荤当(t菕ng)銆俆 銆� V 銆丳 鐨勫嚱鏁�(sh霉)闂�(gu膩n)绯诲嵆鍏剁媭鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼銆�

銆€銆€2. 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)涓悊鎯虫埃楂旂媭鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼鐨勫缓绔�

銆€銆€涓€瀹氶噺鐨勭悊鎯虫埃楂�锛屼换涓€鐙€鎱�(t脿i)涓嬬殑PV/T鍊奸兘鐩哥瓑锛�

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