自考英語(yǔ)考試重點(diǎn)知識(shí)輔導(dǎo)：主謂一致
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1.由 many a 或 more than + 單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。
Many a foreigner has been to the Great Wall.
More than one student has visited the exhibition.
2.“……的幾分之幾”和“……的百分之幾” 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)取決于 of 后的名詞。
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com
40 percent of the students in our class are girls.
3.“a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù);“ the number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
A number of pupils like reading picture-books.
The number of the students in our class is 55.
4.并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，這時(shí) and 后面的名詞前沒有冠詞。
The secretary of the Party branch and director of that factory often works with the workers.
5.成對(duì)的名詞，如bread and butter涂黃油的面包，soda and water汽水，coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡，aim and end目的，salt and water鹽開水等，雖然有and連接，但仍表單一概念，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
A knife and fork is on the table.
6.由 and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)的前面分別有each, every或no修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。
No student and no teacher is invited to the party.
In our country every boy and every girl has right to receive education.
7.主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，其后跟有together with, along with (與……一道)，as well as (和;也)，no less than (和……一樣)，rather than (而不)，以及with, not, like, but, except, besides, including 等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。
He as well as his sister is a League member.轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com
8.在定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)是關(guān)系代詞who, that, which,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。
I, who am your teacher, will teach you everything I know.
9.主語(yǔ)是一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如clothes, trousers, glasses, compasses, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves等時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。但這類表示成雙的東西的名詞前有a pair of修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
My trousers are being washed now.
There is a pair of shoes in the box.
10.表示度量、價(jià)格、時(shí)間的復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)一般被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。
Ten dollars is not enough.
Three months has passed since he left.
11.主語(yǔ)是以-ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞以及news, works (工廠)等都屬形式復(fù)數(shù)，而意義單數(shù)的名詞，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。另外means一詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形應(yīng)視具體情況而定。
Mathematics seems to be difficult to learn.
A new means of teaching is being used in that school.
12.主語(yǔ)是用作書名、劇名、報(bào)紙名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)形式。
The United States is a developed country.
13.主語(yǔ)是family, team, group, crowd, class, committee等集合名詞時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，如指的是全體人員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
His family are all music lovers.
14.“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語(yǔ)從句”之前有the only, the very, the等限定詞和修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
She is the only one of these women who plays the violin.
15.主語(yǔ)是疑問代詞who, what, which,不定代詞all, more, most, any, none等以及名詞half, part, the rest等既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義又可表示單數(shù)意義，其謂語(yǔ)視情況而定。
Half of the visitors are from Europe.
Half of the fruit is bad.
16.主語(yǔ)是表示數(shù)量的“one and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。主語(yǔ)是“one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，其謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
One and a half bananas is left on the table.
There are one or two things I‘d like to know about.
17.the +形容詞或分詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如指一類人。其謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，如指抽象概念，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：
The rich are not always happy.
The new is sure to replace the old.
18.由not only … but also, neither…nor, either…or, not …but以及or連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與最靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。
Not only your father’s friends but also your father likes smoking.
19.在倒裝句中以及在There be …結(jié)構(gòu)中，如主語(yǔ)是并列的，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往和其后面的第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)取得數(shù)上的一致。
Where is your mother and younger sister?
There is a pen , two pencils and five books on the desk.
20.動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。
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