2011年自考《英語(yǔ)(一)》考前重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)Unit 24

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　　Text A　Saving the Rainforests for Future Generations$lesson$

　?、?New words：

　　帶有前綴的單詞：

　　deforestation： v.& n. 開(kāi)伐森林

　　ecosystem： n. 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

　　ecospecies：生態(tài)種

　　overpopulate： v. 使人口過(guò)密

　　population： n. 人口

　　international：國(guó)際的

　　nation： n. 國(guó)家，民族

　　inter- 表示“在一起，交互”之義

　　export： n. & vt. 輸出，出口

　　port：港口

　　import：進(jìn)口

　　recycle： vt. 使再循環(huán)，使再生；n.再循環(huán)，再生

　　economy n. 經(jīng)濟(jì)

　　economic a. 經(jīng)濟(jì)（上）的

　　economics n. 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

　　economical a. 節(jié)約的

　　consequence： n. 結(jié)果，后果

　　consequent： a. 作為結(jié)果的

　　massive： a. 大量的；大而重的，魁偉的

　　mass： n. 群眾，大量

　　regional： a. 地區(qū)的

　　region： n. 地區(qū)

　　globe： n. 地球

　　global： a. 全球的

　　contribute： v. 貢獻(xiàn)，捐獻(xiàn)

　　contribution： n. 貢獻(xiàn)，捐獻(xiàn)，投稿

　　contributor： n. 捐助者，貢獻(xiàn)者

　　senseless： a. 無(wú)知覺(jué)的；無(wú)意義的，愚蠢的

　　living： n. 生活，生計(jì)

　　make one's living 謀生

　　newly： ad. 新近，最近；重新，以新的方法

　　合成詞：

　　rainforest： n. 熱帶雨林

　　rainfall： n. （降）雨量；一場(chǎng)雨

　　greenhouse： n. 溫室

　　forestland： n. 林地

　　make-up： n. 組成，化妝

　　課文中出現(xiàn)的重點(diǎn)單詞：

　　1.upset v. 弄翻，打翻；使苦惱

　　過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞：（upset-upset-upset ）

　　a. 不安的；不適的；不舒服的

　　E.g.： The large wave upset the boat.

　　He is upset because of the generation gap.

　　2.contribute （vi./vt）

　　E.g.： The Nobel Prize winner contributed much to the research in this field.

　　contribute to：有助于；捐獻(xiàn)；起作用

　　His carelessness contributed to the accident.

　　3.derive v. 由…。得到（from）；起源，由……派生（from）

　　E.g.： He derived his love for table tennis from his father.

　　Many English words derived from French.

　　4.cancel v. 取消；刪除

　　E.g.： The decision of the court cancelled the contract.

　　5.owe ： vt. 欠（債等），應(yīng)該向（某人）付出；應(yīng)該把…歸功于（to）

　　E.g.： I owe a great deal to my family and my friends for their support.

　　His success does not owe to luck but hard work.

　　Phrases：

　　1.speed up （使）加速

　　E.g.： The heart speeds up.

　　We should make double efforts to speed up socialist construction.

　　2.threaten with 用…威脅，恐嚇

　　E.g.： The boss threatens the employees with dismissal.

　　老板以開(kāi)除來(lái)威脅員工。

　　3.at the rate of 以…速度或比率

　　He drives at the rate of 40 kilometers per hour.

　　The population in this country is increasing at the rate of 1%.

　　4.in the face of 在…面前，當(dāng)著…的面；不顧

　　face： n. 臉；正面 v. 面對(duì)

　　E.g.： He was brave in the face of danger.

　　5.stop…。from… 阻止…做…

　　I can hardly stop myself from shouting at him.

　　Having no money cannot stop them from falling in love.

　　6.pay off 償還；沒(méi)有白費(fèi)

　　He plans to pay off the loan （貸款） in five years.

　　7.solution to 解決…的方法

　　8.last but not least 最后的但并非最不重要的

　　Last but not least， we must find a peaceful solution to the problem.

　　Ⅱ.Text A

　　Saving the Rainforests for Future Generations：拯救熱帶雨林，造福子孫萬(wàn)代

　　Para1：

　　Rainforests are being cut and burned from Brazil to Indonesia at such a rate that they could well disappear from the earth's surface before the year 2050.

　　譯：從巴西到印尼，熱帶雨林正在被砍伐，被燒毀，其速度非常之快，以致于到不了2050年，熱帶雨林就會(huì)被砍光燒光而從地球表面上徹底消失。

　　They are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nations in which they are located.

　　are being cleared：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　譯：為了獲取貴重木材和其它資源，加速熱帶雨林地區(qū)的國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，熱帶雨林正在逐漸被砍伐得干干凈凈。

　　The most recent figures show that the area of rainforest destroyed last year alone was bigger than the size of Great Britain and Ireland.

　　譯：最近的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字表明，僅去年一年被毀掉的熱帶雨林的面積就比英國(guó)和愛(ài)爾蘭兩國(guó)的面積加起來(lái)還大。

　　be+ being +V（p.p）

　　clear v. 清除，掃除

　　speed：加快

　　locate： v. （使）坐落于，位于

　　Para.2

　　If the present rate of deforestation is allowed to continue， the consequences for the earth will be great.

　　譯：如果聽(tīng)任目前采伐森林的速度繼續(xù)發(fā)展下去，那么給整個(gè)地球所帶來(lái)的后果將是十分嚴(yán)重的。

　　We shall see a massive upsetting of ecosystems， very large increases in soil erosion， increases in flooding and in drought， changes in rainfall patterns and regional， quite possibly global， changes in climate. We shall also probably lose many rare plant and animal species.

　　譯：我們將會(huì)看到：生態(tài)系統(tǒng)失衡；土壤侵蝕現(xiàn)象大規(guī)模增加；水災(zāi)、旱災(zāi)大規(guī)模出現(xiàn)；降雨方式改變；地區(qū)氣候改變，甚至可能導(dǎo)致全球氣候的改變。我們也許會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)失去很多種珍稀的植物和動(dòng)物。

　　in：在……方面

　　contribute to ：促成，導(dǎo)致

　　Para.3

　　According to many scientists， the burning of rainforests is also directly contributing to the so-called greenhouse effect. This effect， they say， is raising average temperatures and sea levels as the polar ice caps recede.

　　譯：根據(jù)許多科學(xué)家報(bào)告，燒毀熱帶雨林也直接導(dǎo)致了所謂的溫室效應(yīng)。科學(xué)家們都說(shuō)，這種溫室效應(yīng)正在使全球平均氣溫升高，正在使南極和北極地區(qū)的冰冠融化，隨之而來(lái)的也正在使全球海洋的水平面上升。

　　contribute to（to 介詞）：有助于

　　raise vt.

　　rise vi.

　　Para.4

　　The rainforest is essential in other areas also. It is a medicine chest of unlimited potential. The US National Cancer Institute has identified 2，000 rainforest plants which could be beneficial in fighting cancer. In today's pharmaceutical market， 15 of the 125 drugs derived from plants were discovered in the rainforest.

　　chest：胸膛；箱。

　　譯：從其它方面來(lái)看，熱帶雨林對(duì)人類(lèi)也是必不可缺的。熱帶雨林是一個(gè)有著無(wú)限潛力的醫(yī)藥資源寶庫(kù)。美國(guó)國(guó)家癌癥研究院已經(jīng)證實(shí)了有2000種熱帶雨林中的植物對(duì)預(yù)防和治療癌癥有奇效。在今天的藥品市場(chǎng)上，125種單味藥中，就有15種是從熱帶雨林發(fā)現(xiàn)的植物中提取出來(lái)的。

　　Plant species are not the only forms of life threatened with extinction in the rainforest. Rare birds and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world have been disappearing at the rate of one a year since the turn of the century.

　　譯：各種植物在熱帶雨林中并不是受到滅種威脅的唯一生物。世界上除了熱帶雨林以外，在其它任何地方都找不到的珍稀鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和珍稀動(dòng)物，在這世紀(jì)之交正在以每年消失一種的速度逐漸滅絕。

　　the turn of the century 世紀(jì)之交

　　In the face of all these facts， it seems senseless for countries to continue destroying their rainforests.

　　譯：面對(duì)著這些事實(shí)，這些國(guó)家還在繼續(xù)毀滅他們的熱帶雨林，簡(jiǎn)直令人覺(jué)得他們太麻木不仁了。

　　Destroy v. 消滅，摧毀/damage v./n. 損害，傷害/ruin v./n. 毀滅

　　However， the problem is not so simple. The countries in which the rainforests are located are all quite poor and overpopulated. One of them， Brazil， has a population of 140 million， about half of whom are living in absolute poverty.

　　譯：但是，這個(gè)問(wèn)題并不簡(jiǎn)單。擁有熱帶雨林的那些國(guó)家都相當(dāng)貧窮而且人口過(guò)剩。熱帶雨林國(guó)家之一，巴西，有一億四千萬(wàn)人。其中約有半數(shù)人生活在絕對(duì)貧困當(dāng)中。

　　The governments in these countries are usually also too weak to stop large companies and powerful individuals from destroying the rainforests. They have no money， so when the poor whom they cannot feed find work cutting down trees or burning forestland， the governments often have no choice but to turn a blind eye.

　　the +a.：表示一類(lèi)人

　　have no choice but to do：沒(méi)有辦法，只能…

　　譯：這些國(guó)家的政府通常也都十分軟弱，以致不能阻止一些大公司或有權(quán)有勢(shì)的人毀壞熱帶雨林。那些國(guó)家的政府都沒(méi)有錢(qián)，所以當(dāng)政府養(yǎng)活不起的那些窮人，找到了砍樹(shù)或在森林里燒樹(shù)開(kāi)荒的工作時(shí)，政府別無(wú)選擇，只好睜一只眼閉一只眼。

　　Moreover， for many of these countries， the valuable timber and other resources found in the rainforests are also a very important source of foreign exchange， which they badly need to pay off their foreign debts and purchase foreign equipment and other goods.

　　foreign exchange：外匯

　　譯：況且，對(duì)于這些國(guó)家中的有些國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)，熱帶雨林中的珍貴木材和其它資源也是他們換取外匯的重要資源，以便用來(lái)償還外債和購(gòu)買(mǎi)外國(guó)設(shè)備以及其它物資。

　　The only solution to the problem， then， seems to be for the richer countries of the world to help the countries where the rainforests are located. One way they could help would be by cancelling the international debts that countries like Brazil owe， while also working together with these countries to solve their other economic problems.

　　譯：那么，這個(gè)問(wèn)題唯一的解決辦法似乎就是世界上較富裕國(guó)家應(yīng)該援助那些地處熱帶雨林地區(qū)的國(guó)家。援助的方法之一就是放棄或取消像巴西這類(lèi)國(guó)家所欠他們的國(guó)際債務(wù)，同時(shí)還要同這些國(guó)家一起協(xié)作去解決他們的一些經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題。

　　At the same time， they could support programmes to teach the local people to regard the rainforests as gardens to be harvested， and not merely as places where the only way for them to make a living is by senselessly cutting down trees and burning.

　　譯：與此同時(shí)，他們還應(yīng)該舉辦各種培訓(xùn)班，教會(huì)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用癜褵釒в炅挚闯墒谦@得大豐收的花園、果園、菜園、動(dòng)植物園，而不要只把熱帶雨林看成是只能用愚昧無(wú)知的砍樹(shù)燒樹(shù)辦法來(lái)謀生的地方。

　　regard …as …：把…當(dāng)成

　　see …as

　　Such programmes could teach the local people how to select trees worth exporting and to cut only those trees down while leaving the rest， so that the basic make-up of the forest would not be disturbed.

　　be worth doing sth.：值得…。

　　譯：這類(lèi)培訓(xùn)班還可以教會(huì)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用袢绾尉x出值得出口的樹(shù)木，只把有出口價(jià)值的樹(shù)木砍掉，而把其余的樹(shù)都保留下來(lái)，以保證森林中基本的生態(tài)平衡不被破壞。

　　This would also mean that the environment needed for the survival of the many rare species of animals and plants， as well as of the Indian tribes that live in the rainforest， could be preserved.

　　preserve：保護(hù)，存留

　　譯：這樣做，也將意味著會(huì)把許多珍稀植物和動(dòng)物賴(lài)以生存的環(huán)境以及熱帶雨林中的印地安各部落賴(lài)以生存的環(huán)境保存下來(lái)。

　　The local people could also be taught to earn more money by cutting the selected trees and making them into furniture on the spot.

　　select v. 選擇 a.精選的

　　selection n. 選擇

　　selective： a. 選擇的，選擇性的

　　In addition， they could learn how to harvest other valuable natural materials that are now being wasted， and sell them overseas to earn foreign exchange for their countries.

　　還可以教會(huì)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裢ㄟ^(guò)采伐精選的樹(shù)木并用這些樹(shù)木在當(dāng)?shù)丶庸こ杉揖叩霓k法去賺到更多的錢(qián)。此外，當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裨谂嘤?xùn)班還可以學(xué)會(huì)怎樣去采集現(xiàn)在被浪費(fèi)掉的其它珍貴天然材料，然后把這些材料賣(mài)到國(guó)外去，以便為他們的祖國(guó)賺回外匯。

　　Last but not least， people in the richer countries of the world could also help save the rainforests by using wood-derived products such as paper more carefully and by recycling used paper products to help reduce the demand for newly cut wood.

　　譯：最后，同樣重要的是，世界上較富裕國(guó)家的人民，要更加注意節(jié)約使用以木材為原料的紙張之類(lèi)的產(chǎn)品，回收利用紙制產(chǎn)品，以幫助減少新的砍伐樹(shù)木的需求量，從而幫助拯救熱帶雨林。

　　Ⅲ.Vocabulary Exercises ：

　　?.Choose the proper words given at the beginning.

　　1.economy economic economical

　　a.The war is a fatal blow to the economy of both countries.

　　b.It is important to bring about a new economic order in the world.

　　c.The newly invented machine is economical of time and energy.

　　2.consequence consequent consequently

　　a.The farmers suffered a drought and there was a consequent shortage of food in the market.

　　b.If you behave so foolishly， you must be ready to take the consequence.

　　c.She was a bright and eager student and， consequently， did well in school.

　　3.contribute contribution contributor

　　a.His involvement contributed effectively to the solution of the dispute.

　　b.All contributors to the church will have a meeting today.

　　c.The young policeman made a remarkable contribution to public safety.

　　4.overpopulate population populate

　　a.If we didn't carry out family planning， our country would be much more overpopulated.

　　b. The centre of the city is a densely populated area.

　　c. The country is adopting radical measures to control the growth of its population.

　　?.Fill in the following blanks with the words listed below in their proper forms.

　　local massive upset senseless recede threaten export recycle select pay off

　　1.Empty bottles are recycled in order for the glass to be used.

　　2.The news that he failed the final exam upset him emotionally.

　　3.Tea， grain and sugar are among the most important exports.

　　4.The doctors made massive efforts to save the dying patient.

　　5.Columbus' idea of going east by sailing west was thought to be senseless by the Spanish nobles.

　　6.The coast was receding / receded slowly as our ship sailed out to sea.

　　7.Many rare species of animals are being threatened with extinction.

　　8.It's almost certain that our plan will pay off； it is a wonderful idea.

　　9.“When in Rome， do as the Romans do” means that one should behave according to the local customs.

　　10.Why didn't you select a better topic for your conversation？

　　Text B　Life on the Tundra

　?、?New words：

　　1.含有前綴的單詞：

　　subsoil n. 下層土，底土

　　2.含有后綴的單詞：

　　marshy a.沼澤般的，濕軟的

　　→marsh n.沼澤

　　→表示地形的單詞：maintain/sea /desert /plain /plateau

　　continous a. 連續(xù)不斷的，不停歇的，表示動(dòng)作或物體不間斷地進(jìn)行下去

　　eg： They chattered continuously for an hour. 他們不間斷地聊了一個(gè)小時(shí)。

　　continual a. 連續(xù)的，頻繁的，表示多次重復(fù)的動(dòng)作（有可能有間斷）

　　eg： Please stop your continual questions. 請(qǐng)不要再接二連三的提問(wèn)題了。

　　permanently ad. 長(zhǎng)久地，永久地

　　→permanent （a.）反義詞：temporary a. 暫時(shí)的

　　lifeless a. 1.無(wú)生命的，死的；2.沒(méi)有生氣的，單調(diào)的

　　disturbance n. 1.騷動(dòng)，動(dòng)亂；2.打擾，干擾

　　deep a. 深的

　　depth n. 1.深度2.深處[常pl.] 3.深?yuàn)W，深刻

　　seemingly ad. 1.表面地 2.近乎真實(shí)地

　　shortage n. 不足，缺少

　　explorer n. 探索者，考察者

　　3.合成詞：

　　daylight ： 1.日光 2.日間

　　pipeline ：管道，管線

　　4.特殊記憶：

　　minor 比較小的；少數(shù)的 ←→ major 比較大的；多數(shù)的

　　1）這兩個(gè)詞本身就有比較意味，用比較級(jí)時(shí)不需要變形加er

　　2）在用比較級(jí)的句子中，不用比較連詞than，而用介詞to

　　bay海灣 / port 海港 / coast 海岸，海濱/ gulf 海灣

　　5.本單元課文中出現(xiàn)的單詞：

　　1.horizon n. 1.地平線；2.（喻）眼界，見(jiàn)識(shí)

　　E.g.： the horizon 地平線

　　Travel broadens one's horizons. 旅游可以開(kāi)闊人的眼界。

　　2.continuous & continual

　　E.g.： They chattered continuously for an hour. 他們足足聊了1個(gè)小時(shí)。

　　Please stop your continual questions. 請(qǐng)不要再接二連三地提問(wèn)題了。

　　3.hunt vt. 1.追獵，獵??；2.追趕，搜索

　　vi.（for）1.打獵；2.獵食；3.搜尋

　　n.打獵

　　E.g.： go hunting 去打獵

　　He's been hunting for a lost book. 他一直在找那本丟失的書(shū)。

　　Phrases：

　　1.be known as 以…而聞名，通常名叫

　　E.g.： Mark Twain was known as a great novelist. 馬克? 吐溫作為一個(gè)偉大的小說(shuō)家被人們熟知。

　　→be known for 因?yàn)椤雒?/P>

　　2.in search of 尋找…，尋求…

　　Eg： Scientists are in search of a cure for the disease. 科學(xué)家正在想治療這種疾病的方法。

　　3.to …degree 達(dá)到…程度

　　to some degree 達(dá)到一定的程度

　　to what degree 達(dá)到什么程度

　　to a high/low degree 達(dá)到很高/低的程度

　　to such an degree 達(dá)到如此…的程度

　　to a certain degree 達(dá)到一定的程度

　　E.g. He is vain to a high degree. 他非常愛(ài)虛榮。

　　4.to some extent 在某種程度上

　　E.g.： To some extent you are correct . 從某種程度上說(shuō)你是正確的。

　　I agree with you to a certain extent. 我在一定程度上同意你的意見(jiàn)。

　　5.prevent … from 防止，阻止

　　E.g.： Put on more clothes to prevent yourself from getting a cold. 多穿點(diǎn)衣服，以免感冒。

　　6.in turn 1.依次，輪流；2.反過(guò)來(lái)

　　by turns 輪流，交替

　　1）please speak in turn. 請(qǐng)依次發(fā)言。

　　2）Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. 理論以實(shí)踐為基礎(chǔ)，反過(guò)來(lái)又為實(shí)踐服務(wù)。

　　3）The couple wash dishes by turns. 夫妻倆輪流洗碗

　　7.result in = bring about 導(dǎo)致，產(chǎn)生

　　E.g.： Our efforts resulted in success. 我們的努力終于導(dǎo)致了成功

　　→result from 因?yàn)椤?。發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生

　　E.g.： His injury resulted from a fall. 他因摔倒而受傷。

　　Ⅱ.Text B

　　Life on the Tundra

　　凍土帶上的生活情景

　　Tundra is the name given to the low， marshy plains of Europe， Siberia， and North America that border on the Arctic Ocean.

　　譯：歐洲、西伯利亞和北美洲接近北冰洋的低洼沼澤平原稱(chēng)為凍土帶。

　　1.border on 與…相鄰

　　In Alaska， the vast， cold region known as the “Northern Slope” is part of the tundra. Nature sets harsh terms for survival in this land. Only those plants and animals that are adapted to the hostile environment can survive in it.

　　2.be know as

　　terms 條件（如果去掉s則沒(méi)有條件的意思，表示“學(xué)期；術(shù)語(yǔ)”）

　　3.adapt to 適應(yīng)…

　　譯：美國(guó)阿拉斯加州，那塊廣闊寒冷通稱(chēng)為“北邊坡地”的地區(qū)就是凍土帶的一部分。大自然為這片土地設(shè)置的生存條件十分惡劣。只有那些能適應(yīng)在逆境中生存的植物和動(dòng)物才能在這種環(huán)境中生存下來(lái)。

　　Long periods of darkness and bitter cold are the major threats to life on the tundra. At the Arctic Circle， the sun cannot be seen above the horizon in December. North of the Circle， the darkness lasts even longer. Over the northern reaches of the tundra， no sunlight can be seen at all for several months of the year.

　　bitter 在這里表示“刺骨的”

　　4.over ： beyond在…以外

　　5.no … at all： not … at all 一點(diǎn)也不，根本不

　　eg. You don't look old at all. 你看起來(lái)一點(diǎn)也不老。

　　譯：長(zhǎng)期的黑暗和刺骨的嚴(yán)寒是在凍土帶上生活的兩大最主要的威脅。北極圈在12月份，地平線上是看不到太陽(yáng)的。從北極圈往北黑暗的時(shí)間通常會(huì)持續(xù)得更長(zhǎng)些。在凍土帶北部邊緣以外的地方，一年中有好幾個(gè)月根本見(jiàn)不到陽(yáng)光。

　　The darkness is balanced， to some degree， by continuous daylight during the summer months.

　　譯：持續(xù)的黑暗，從某種意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，同夏季幾個(gè)月連續(xù)不斷的白晝達(dá)到了平衡。

　　6.Balance n. 平衡

　　v. 使…平衡，使…均衡

　　But even in the warmest month， the temperature only averages about 50 degree F （10 degrees C）。

　　F（fahrenheit） C（centigrade）

　　Boiling point 212° 100°

　　Freezing point 32° 0°

　　Absolute-zero -459.67° -273.15°

　　換算公式：

　　攝氏度數(shù)＝（華氏度度數(shù)－32）×5/9

　　華氏度數(shù)＝攝氏度度數(shù)×9/5 ＋32

　　譯：但即使是在最暖和的月份里，平均溫度剛剛能達(dá)到華氏50度（10攝氏度）。

　　During the dark winter months the average temperature falls to -16 degrees F （ -27 degrees C）， and sometimes to -40 degrees （C and F） and below.

　　譯：在冬季那幾個(gè)黑暗的月份里，平均氣溫降到華氏負(fù)16度，有時(shí)達(dá)零下40度甚至更低。

　　Because of the intense cold， the subsoil of the tundra remains permanently frozen to a great depth. During the brief summer， a few feet （about a meter） of soil thaw at the surface. It is this thin layer of active soil that supports all living things on the tundra.

　　譯：由于酷寒，凍土帶的下層土都凍得很深。在短暫的夏季僅三英尺的表層土壤能解凍。正是這被太陽(yáng)曬暖的蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)的薄薄的一層土壤養(yǎng)活著凍土帶上的一切生物。

　　For nine months of the year， the tundra is a dark， seemingly lifeless wild land. Then in June， as if by magic， a never-setting summer sun gives birth to hundreds of species of arctic plants to cover the ground.

　　7.give birth to （prep.）產(chǎn)生…，生產(chǎn)出…

　　譯：每年長(zhǎng)達(dá)9個(gè)月，凍土帶都是一塊看上去毫無(wú)生機(jī)的荒涼的土地。然后到6月份，好像是施了魔法一樣，一輪永不落的夏天的太陽(yáng)生出了數(shù)百種北極的植物覆蓋著大地。

　　A plant that grows more than three feet （about a meter） is unusual on the tundra. There are no tall trees. The frozen subsoil prevents roots from growing deep enough to support them. By the end of August the breath of winter returns， and by mid-September the tundra is white again.

　　譯：一種植物若能長(zhǎng)得超過(guò)了三英尺，這在凍土帶上就是很不平常的了。凍土帶上根本就不會(huì)有高大的樹(shù)木。深層的永凍土使植物的根不能深深地扎下去來(lái)支撐高大的樹(shù)木。到8月底，冬天的氣息又返回來(lái)了， 9月中旬這凍土帶又是冬天了。

　　The animal life on the tundra is unusually rich for an environment that seems so harsh. Herds of arctic deer move from place to place in search of food. Bands of wolves follow them and hunt for the weak or sick ones.

　　rich adj.富的，有錢(qián)的，富有的，富饒的，肥沃的，充足的，豐富的

　　表示數(shù)量的詞：

　　herds of deer 一群群的鹿

　　bands of wolves 一群群的狼

　　a group/crowd of people 一群人

　　a herd of cattle 一群牛

　　a flock of birds 一群鳥(niǎo)

　　a nest of ants 一群螞蟻

　　譯：在這種非常惡劣的環(huán)境中，凍土帶上動(dòng)物的生活卻非常充實(shí)。一群一群的北極鹿到處遷徙以便尋找食物。一幫一幫的北極狼跟蹤著北極鹿群以便獵吃鹿群中的老弱病殘者。

　　Few birds actually live on the tundra. However， a variety of birds migrate to nest and feed during the summer. The wet， marshy land produces a large number of insects that provide food for the smaller birds that， in turn， provide food for the arctic fox and the wolf.

　　8.a variety of ： various of ：多種多樣的

　　譯：實(shí)際上幾乎沒(méi)有鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)生活在凍土帶上。但是各種各樣的候鳥(niǎo)到了夏季會(huì)到這里來(lái)筑巢繁衍生息。這濕潤(rùn)的沼澤地能生出大量的昆蟲(chóng)，這就給小鳥(niǎo)提供了食物。接下來(lái)這些小鳥(niǎo)又充作了北極狐和北極狼的食物。

　　The balance of nature is so delicate on the tundra that even minor disturbances may produce major changes in the environment.

　　譯：自然界的平衡在凍土帶上是非常靈敏的，只要稍微有一點(diǎn)破壞平衡的現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)就可能產(chǎn)生環(huán)境上的一些重大變化。

　　Any increase or decrease in the population of one species may affect all other species on the tundra. For example， if the number of wolves and foxes decrease， the food chain is upset.

　　譯譯：任何一個(gè)物種在數(shù)量上的增加或減少都會(huì)影響到凍土帶上所有的其它物種。例如，如果北極狼和北極狐的數(shù)量減少，那食物鏈就會(huì)遭到破壞，就會(huì)脫節(jié)。

　　Without wolves， the number of grazing animals - like the deer - would increase. This increase would result in a food shortage， which would cause death to many smaller animals. A decrease in the number of these smaller animals would in turn decrease the food supply for the arctic fox and the wolf. In this way， the entire food chain might be affected by a change in the number of a single species.

　　譯：倘若沒(méi)有了北極狼，那些食草獸――像馴鹿之類(lèi)――就會(huì)增加，這一增加就會(huì)導(dǎo)致食物短缺，很多小動(dòng)物就會(huì)死亡。倘若這些小動(dòng)物數(shù)量減少了，接下來(lái)就會(huì)減少了供應(yīng)給北極狐和北極狼的食物。這樣下來(lái)，由于某一物種的數(shù)量的改變，就有可能影響到整個(gè)食物鏈的脫節(jié)。

　　Until recently， the changing seasons on the tundra were seen only by a few Eskimo hunters and explorers. What would draw men and women to live in such a hostile land？ The answer is oil.

　　譯：不久前，只有極少數(shù)的愛(ài)斯基摩的獵手和探險(xiǎn)家才能深究到凍土帶上的寒來(lái)暑往，冬去春來(lái)。那么，是什么東西把男男女女都吸引到這塊環(huán)境十分惡劣的土地上來(lái)的呢？答案就是：石油。

　　9.draw （v.）： attract 吸引

　　In 1968， oil was discovered beneath the frozen soil on Alaska's Northern Slope. Now an 800-mile （about 1300 kilometers） pipeline has been built from Prudhoe Bay on the Arctic Ocean to Valdes， a port on the south coast of Alaska.

　　譯：1968年在阿拉斯加北邊坡地的凍土下面發(fā)現(xiàn)了石油。現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)把一條800英里長(zhǎng)的輸油管從北冰洋上的普拉德霍灣架設(shè)到了阿拉斯加南岸的港口城市瓦爾迪茲。

　　The pipeline carries the oil from the Northern Slope， across the tundra， to the port. From there， it is shipped to the rest of the United States.

　　譯：這條輸油管把石油從北部坡地，越過(guò)凍土帶，輸送到瓦爾迪茲港口，又從那里把石油裝船運(yùn)送到美國(guó)其它地方。

　　10.ship （v.）運(yùn)送，輸送

　　Thousands of men and women were needed to build and maintain the pipeline. For the first time， large numbers of people were brought into contact with the tundra.

　　譯：為了修建和維護(hù)這條輸油管，成千上萬(wàn)的男女需要參與工作。這是破天荒第一次，把一大批又一大批的人送到這里來(lái)與凍土帶打交道。

　　Their presence and the presence of the pipeline they built represented a major change in the environment. How will the life cycles of the tundra be affected？

　　譯：這些人的到來(lái)以及他們所修建的輸油管的出現(xiàn)標(biāo)志著凍土帶的環(huán)境的重大改變。那么，凍土帶的生活周期會(huì)受到什么影響呢？

　　The survival of the United States depends on the ability to find new sources of energy. Oil from beneath the tundra is very important to the nations' development. But the survival of the tundra depends on how carefully people maintain the delicate balance of nature in this environment.

　　譯：美國(guó)能否繼續(xù)生存下去，依賴(lài)于是否有能力找到新的能源。來(lái)自凍土帶下面的石油對(duì)美國(guó)的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。但是，這塊凍土帶上的一切是否能繼續(xù)維持下去，依賴(lài)于人們是否能細(xì)心地維護(hù)這種環(huán)境下大自然里各個(gè)物種之間的平衡。

?2011年7月自學(xué)考試成績(jī)查詢時(shí)間及方式匯總