公司戰(zhàn)略與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理知識(shí)點(diǎn):PEST模型中英文學(xué)習(xí)
更新時(shí)間:2013-01-06 15:01:36
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摘要 注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師考試公司戰(zhàn)略與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理知識(shí)點(diǎn):PEST模型中英文對(duì)比學(xué)習(xí)
PEST模型
政治 |
稅收政策, 政局穩(wěn)定性,對(duì)外貿(mào)易的法律法規(guī) |
經(jīng)濟(jì) |
經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境包括利率,通貨膨脹,失業(yè),可支配收入。 |
社會(huì) |
社會(huì)和文化環(huán)境包括人口狀況,社會(huì)流動(dòng)性,收入分配,生活方式的變化,工作和休閑的態(tài)度,教育和消費(fèi)水平。 |
技術(shù) |
技術(shù)環(huán)境要受到下列因素的影響:政府在研究,新發(fā)現(xiàn)和開發(fā)方面的支出,政府及行業(yè)對(duì)技術(shù)力量的關(guān)注,技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移的速度和技術(shù)過(guò)時(shí)的速度。 |
環(huán)境 |
環(huán)境因素考慮組織如何以最小的環(huán)境破壞來(lái)生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品和提供勞務(wù)。 |
法律 |
法律環(huán)境包括稅收,勞動(dòng)法,壟斷方面的立法以及環(huán)境保護(hù)法律方面的影響。 |
The PESTEL model
The PESTEL model looks at the macro environment, using the following headings:
Political |
The political environment includes taxation policy, government stability and foreign trade regulations. |
Economic |
The economic environment includes interest rates, inflation, unemployment, disposable income. |
Social |
The social/culture environment includes population demographics, social mobility, income distribution, lifestyle changes, attitudes to work and leisure, and levels of education. |
Technological |
The technological environment is influenced by government spending on research, new discoveries and development, government and industry focus of technological effort, speed of technological transfer and rates of obsolescence. |
Ecological |
The ecological environment, sometimes just referred to as ‘the environment’, considers ways in which the organization can produce its goods and services with the minimum environmental damage. |
Legal |
The legal environment covers influences such as taxation law, employment law, monopoly legislation and environmental protection laws. |
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