2014年成人高考專升本英語(yǔ)詞匯和語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí):動(dòng)詞十五

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　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞。否定形式在前面加not.

　　(一)不定式：to +動(dòng)詞原形

　　簡(jiǎn)單句中如果已經(jīng)有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)，那么再有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞就要在這個(gè)動(dòng)詞前加to做不定式。不定式在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。

　　To see is to believe.(眼見為實(shí))

　　有時(shí)用it做形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)放在句子最后。

　　It only took us a year to finish the work.

　　Once you get into the habit of smoking， you'll find it extremely difficult to get out of it.(get into the habit 養(yǎng)成……習(xí)慣)

　　She likes to play basketball this afternoon.

　　The important thing is to save people.

　　Not to grasp firmly is not to grasp at all.(不定式的否定放在to的前面)

　　She was the first person to think of the idea. (think of 想起)

　　He is always the first to come and last to leave the office.

　　I have nothing to say on the problem.

　　They warned him not to let out the secret.(let out 泄露)

　　We are all happy to hear of the good news.

　　Let's hurry so as not to be late for the meeting. (so as to do sth. 以便為了做某事)

　　如果not不是放在to的前面，那么它不是否定不定式而是否定整個(gè)句子。

　　They didn't warn him to let out the secret.

　　They warn him not to let out the secret.

　　(一)不定式：to +動(dòng)詞原形

　　不定式在let， have， make (讓， 使)， see， look at， notice， hear， listen to， feel 等后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)to 應(yīng)省略，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中to應(yīng)保留。

　　The coach has the team practice hard every night in the past two years.

　　I saw a man come into the classroom and talk with the teacher.

　　Don't forget to have him come tonight.

　　We felt the house shake.

　　The house was felt to shake.

　　Someone was heard to come up the stairs.

　　在help 后， 不定式可以帶to 也可以不帶to.

　　Help me (to) get him to bed.

　　He help her lift the box.

　　He helped her to mount the bike.

　　She was helped to lift the box.

　　當(dāng)不定式和其修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，動(dòng)詞如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面就要有必要加介詞。

　　There is nothing to worry about.

　　Is this something to be ashamed of ?

　　I need a pen to write with.

　　Give me some paper to write on.

　　Let's find a room to put the things in.

　　2.不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)

　　不定式前面可以加for 或of引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)作邏輯主語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，或不定式指的是誰(shuí)的情況。

　　It is a great honor for us to be present at this party.

　　It will be a mistake for us not to help them.

　　It is hard for one to do a bit of good.

　　在某些形容詞如kind， good， nice， wise， unwise， clever， silly， wrong， right， foolish， stupid， careless， considerate， rude， naughty， impolite等作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，用of引導(dǎo)短語(yǔ)。

　　It's kind of you to let me use your dictionary.

　　It's unwise of them to turn down the proposal.(turn down 拒絕)

　　It's very nice of you to attend our party tonight.

　　3.不定式的完成式、進(jìn)行式、被動(dòng)式

　　當(dāng)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式要用完成式： to have +過(guò)去分詞;當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式要用進(jìn)行時(shí)：to be+現(xiàn)在分詞;當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式要用被動(dòng)式：to be+過(guò)去分詞。完成式意味著不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，如果是進(jìn)行時(shí)意味著不定式的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式要用被動(dòng)式。

　　I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

　　I meant to have told you about it， but I forgot to do so.

　　They seemed to be satisfied with the result.

　　This is the day not to be forgotten.

　　He wanted the letter to be typed at once.

　　They seem to be getting along quite well.

　　He pretended to be sleeping when his mother came in.

　　在有些結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)雖然是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式仍用主動(dòng)形式

　　We have a lot of work to do.

　　Give me something to eat.

　　They found the book hard to understand.

　　He has no one to take care of. (take care 照顧、照料)

　　沒(méi)有什么人需要他照顧。

　　He has no one to take care of him.沒(méi)有誰(shuí)照顧他。

　　一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句同時(shí)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在后面的動(dòng)詞前加to.使意動(dòng)詞和感觀動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)前不加to.不定式的完成式、進(jìn)行式、被動(dòng)式的概念。

　　不定式在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)(主要是目的狀語(yǔ))、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

　　1.“Where do you suggest going?”

　　“We promised _______ the children to the West Lake.”

　　A. taking B. to take C. taken D. took

　　(suggest doing sth.或suggest that +(should)動(dòng)詞原型)

　　(Where do you suggest that we should go?)\

　　(答案 B)

　　2.The city government must take action ________ the increasing population.

　　A. to control B. controlling C. controls D. controlled

　　(答案 A)

　　3.Pessimists warn us not _________ for pretty colors， since the car will come in gray.

　　A. ask B. asking C. to ask D. to be asked

　　(答案 C)

　　考生應(yīng)特別注意在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，不定式在let， make ， have(使，讓)， see， hear 等詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，to 應(yīng)省略，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中to 應(yīng)保留。

　　1.The workers asked the factory owner to let him go.

　　2.The children were made to repeat their parents' words for several times.

　　1. “I'm sorry. Were you speaking to me ?”

　　“Yes， I was. Would you please _________ in this room?”

　　A. not to smoke B. not smoke

　　C. no smoking D. no smoke

　　would you please+動(dòng)詞原型

　　答案 B

　　2. There was nothing they could do ______ calmly.

　　A. but wait B. only to wait

　　C. except waiting D. unless they waited

　　nothing they can do but do sth.

　　答案 A

　　3. Mr. Smith doesn't want _______ what to buy.

　　A. his wife tell him B. for his wife to tell him

　　C. his wife to tell him D. that his wife tells him

　　答案 C

　　4. Many parents allow their children _______ own decisions.

　　A. making their B. making the

　　C. to make their D. to make the

　　答案 C

　　5. “How can Mary get her money back?”

　　“I advised ______ to the manager.”

　　A. her speak B. her to speak

　　C. that she speaks D. a speech by her

　　答案 B

　　advise that+虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　I advise that she should speak to the manager.

　　6. “My brother says he won't help us.”

　　“Oh， perhaps I can persuade him _______.”

　　A. to help B. helping C. for helping D. that he helps

　　答案 A

　　7. Don't make him _______ it if he doesn't want to .

　　A. do B. to do C. doing D. that he do

　　答案 A

　　8. “Where are you going?”

　　“To help the neighbors _______ the dinner party.”

　　A. to get ready B. get ready for

　　C. getting ready for D. by getting ready

　　get ready for 為……準(zhǔn)備

　　答案 B

　　9. “Can you ride a horse ?”

　　“No. I never had the chance ______.”

　　A. for learning B. for learning how

　　C. how to learn it D. to learn how

　　答案 D

　　10. I haven't got a chair _______.

　　A. to sit B. to sit on C. for me to sit D. for sitting

　　答案 B

　　11. The city government must take action _______ the increasing population.

　　A. to control B. controlling C. controls D. controlled

　　答案 A

　　12. “If John doesn't come to work on time， he may be fired.”

　　“Surely he isn't so foolish ______ not to realize that.”

　　A. as B. that C. and D. but

　　not so/ as…as

　　答案 A

　　13. I wanted to go on a holiday last December， but there were so many things ______.

　　A. for me to do B. for me to do them

　　C. that I need to do D. I needed doing

　　答案 A

　　14. John admitted that it was always difficult ________ .

　　A. for him to be on time&nbs

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