2014年成人高考高起點(diǎn)英語語法歸納:形容詞和副詞二
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形容詞和副詞
內(nèi) 容 提 要――形容詞與副詞比較級和最高級的基本用法
一、原級比較的基本用法
1. 原級比較由“as+形容詞或副詞(或再加名詞或短語)+as ”構(gòu)成“原級相同”比較句,表示兩者比較;其否定式,即“程度不及”比較句型為“not so(as) +形容詞或副詞+as”,而且as…as結(jié)構(gòu)前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的詞修飾
2. “as (so)+名詞+as+名詞”進(jìn)行名詞比較,這時一般情況下有一個表示原級的比較詞,但如果第一名詞前出現(xiàn)了形容詞修飾該詞或出現(xiàn)副詞修飾謂語,應(yīng)當(dāng)用so而不用as
二、比較級
1. 比較級由“形容詞(副詞)比較級+than+…,”構(gòu)成表示在兩者中間一方比另一方“更加…”。連詞than后可接句子,也可接名詞、代詞、名詞短語、介詞短語、動詞、動詞不定式、?ING結(jié)構(gòu)和?ED結(jié)構(gòu),有時也可省去than.
2. 注意than前后兩項(xiàng)相比較的人或事物要一致
三、最高級
1. 最高級用于三者以上比較,形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是“定冠詞+形容詞最高級+名詞+表示范圍的短語或從句”(如all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place等)
2. 副詞的最高級與形容詞最高級的區(qū)別在于最高級前沒有定冠詞the
四、同步練習(xí)
1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as .
[A] to run for fifteen minutes
[B] running for fifteen minutes
[C] you run for fifteen minutes
[D] fifteen?minute walking
解析:B為正確答案。
2) The gorilla(大猩猩), while [A] not quite as curious than [B] the chimpanzee(黑猩猩), shows more persistence [C] and memory retention(記憶力) in solving [D] a problem.
解析:B錯。改為 as ,和前面的as和形容詞原形curious 一起構(gòu)成同程度比較。
3) Alaska is twice [A] as larger [B] as [C] the next largest [D] state, Texas.
解析:B錯。 改為as large.
4) Thomas Jefferson's achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician.
[A] such [B] more [C] as [D] than
解析:C對。動詞rival(勝過、匹敵)前后是兩個相比較的成分achievements(成果)和 contributions(貢獻(xiàn)),由于前面的名詞后出現(xiàn)了短語 as an architect,故空白處也應(yīng)用as,使前后對比成分一致。
5) I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter.
[A] that [B] so [C] this [D] as
解析:B為正確答案。
6) Natural mica(云母) of [A] a superior [B] quality is cheapest [C] to obtain than synthetic [D] mica.
解析:C錯。應(yīng)改為比較級cheaper.比較級后并不一定跟接連詞than,有時在其間有名詞或名詞短語(被形容詞所修飾),介詞短語,不定式或其他成分隔開。
7) She is older than .
[A] any other girl in the group [B] any girl in the group
[C] all girls in the group [D] you and me as well as the group
解析:A為正確答案?!癝he”作為單個不能跟全組比(C和D不對),也不能跟全組所有相比,因?yàn)椤八币彩瞧渲幸粏T,自然“她”不能跟自己相比。這里“She”比較的是“這組中的任何一個”,所以A對。
8) Josephine McCrackin joined [A] the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and, until her death fifteen years late [B] , remained [C] active in journalistic [D] work.
解析:B錯。應(yīng)改為比較級later,因此處實(shí)為與1905年相比晚15年,故應(yīng)使用比較級。
9) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .
[A] ours [B] with us [C] for ours it had [D] it did for us
解析:D為正確答案。
10) Sound travels air.
[A] faster through water than through [B] faster than through water and
[C] through water faster and[D] where it is faster through water than through
解析:A為正確答案。
11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout, one of Rembrand's pupils, followed [A] the style of his teacher so implicitly that [B] his paintings [C] are sometimes confused with his master [D] .
解析:D錯。 改為his master's.
12) The more [A] fearsome of all the [B] animals in [C] the Western [D] Hemisphere is the grizzly bear.
解析:A錯。 改為most.
13) Of all economic [A] problems, inflation continues to be [B] a [C] most significant in its daily impact on [D] people and business.
解析:C錯。改為the, significant是多音節(jié)形容詞,在此處應(yīng)用最高級形式(在前面加 the most),注意句中的“of all… ”。
14) ,the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction.
[A] All the activities [B] The activities
[C] Of all the activities [D] It is the activities
解析:C為正確答案。本句空白處缺狀語,A和B全為名詞短語,不符合條件;D為句子,和空白后面的句子沒有任何聯(lián)系,故亦應(yīng)排除。只有C正確,和后面的最高級the most familiar前后呼應(yīng)。
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