成考專升本英語作文寫作要點(diǎn)分析(2)

　　四、如何開端和結(jié)尾

　　文章開端的常見寫法

　　1. 背景法：說明事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、情景等背景。如：

　　I was once spending the month of 1982 in a small seaside village in the south of China. It is a wonderful place quiet and not fashionable. People usually do not go there.

　　2. 人物法：交代文章所要描述的主要人物或有關(guān)人物。如：

　　Once upon a time there was an honest old fellow named Hans. He had a kind heart and a funny， round， good humoured face. He lived in a tiny cottage all alone， and every day he worked in his garden.

　　alone 獨(dú)自一人

　　lonely 孤獨(dú)的

　　3. 主題句法：提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或論據(jù)作為文章要闡明和論述的主題。如：

　　One of the most notable phases of the industrial revolution was the rapid growth of cities ――the shifting of population from rural districts to the urban centers.

　　rural 鄉(xiāng)村的unban 城市的

　　4. 問題法：用提出問題的方法來引出文章的內(nèi)容，以吸引讀者的注意力。如：

　　What is the nature of the scientific attitude， the attitude of the man who studies and applies physics， chemistry， medicine， engineering or any other science?

　　5. 驚語法：用令人感到驚奇的句子開頭，激起讀者的興趣。如：

　　A 39-storeyed building in construction collapsed in the city yesterday.

　　6. 故事法：以講述一段故事作為引子，在此基礎(chǔ)上展開故事情節(jié)。如：

　　I was spending the night in my aunt's villa one summer. That night， being on a strange bed and feeling excited prevented me from sleeping. I slipped out of bed and went to the bathroom. Suddenly， a strange noise coming from behind made me spin around.

　　villa 別墅

　　prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

　　spin around 使人頭暈?zāi)垦?/P>

　　7. 數(shù)據(jù)法：引用已經(jīng)證實(shí)的某些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字來引起話題。如：

　　The fact that less than 5% of the British population graduate from universities may seem surprising， especially when compared with the American percentage of over 30%

　　8. 引語法：摘錄或引用某些名人的名言或常見的習(xí)語、諺語，作為文章的開端。如：

　　Happiness is very important to our life. Shakespeare said， “One who is unhappy can never get a beneficial result.”

　　be important to

　　9. 定義法：常見于對(duì)標(biāo)題下定義，然后通過舉例，邏輯推理等方法加以詳細(xì)說明。如：

　　A true good student is one who possesses good morality， sound health， perfect knowledge and various abilities.

　　morality 道德品質(zhì)

　　sound adj.健康的

　　對(duì)于不到100字的短文，我們通常用人物交代法、主題句法等。

　　文章結(jié)尾的常見寫法

　　1. 簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)價(jià)或作結(jié)論：文章最后用幾句話概括全文內(nèi)容，并進(jìn)一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的觀點(diǎn)。如：

　　In short， we can say that science to human beings is like food to our bodies. Science frees us from the bondage of Nature. Science itself is innocent， but sometimes man has misused it.

　　in short 簡(jiǎn)而言之

　　2. 重復(fù)主題句：回到文章開頭闡明的中心思想或主題句上，達(dá)到再次肯定和強(qiáng)調(diào)的效果。如：

　　With the foregoing three points in mind， one may be a true good student.

　　3. 用反問結(jié)尾：雖然形式是問句，但意義卻是肯定的，具有明顯的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，引起讀者思考。如：

　　If there were no homework on weekends， students would come to school on Monday well refreshed and willing to work. Teachers， don't you agree?

　　4. 含蓄句：用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接點(diǎn)明或?qū)懨髯髡叩目捶ǎ屪x者自己去意會(huì)和思考。如;

　　Do you really think that Beijing is the liveliest city in China? I never asked it. But I could read the answer in every eye.

　　5. 提出展望或期望：表示對(duì)將來的展望或期待讀者投入行動(dòng)。如：

　　Now we can say that in the last quarter of the 20th century， society will probably have its greatest change.

　　6. 引語句：用格言、諺語或習(xí)語總結(jié)全文。如：

　　Later riser may find it very difficult to cultivate the habit of early rising. They ought to make a special effort to do so. As the English proverb says， “Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy， wealthy and wise.”

　　cultivate vt.培養(yǎng)， 耕作

　　在專升本100字以內(nèi)的作文中，常用的是重復(fù)主題句、簡(jiǎn)單評(píng)價(jià)或者做總結(jié)。

　　描寫文思考題：

　　1. My Grandfather/Grandmother

　　Have you a grandfather or a grandmother? Have you two grandfathers or grandmothers? Who is your favourite grandparent? What does he/she look like? How old is he/she? What work does he/she do? Has he/she retired? If so， what work used he/she to do? Where does he/she live? Does anybody look after him/her? How often do you see him/her? What does he/she do most days?

　　2. Friends

　　Have you any friends? What are their names? Why do you like them? About how old are they? Where do they live? What work do they do? When do you meet them? What things do you and they do together?

　　3. My Neighbours

　　Do you know your neighbours well? Are any of them of about your own age? Are any of them friends of yours? What work do they do? Are any of them especially interesting? When do you see them? When do you meet them? What do you and they do together?

　　My Grandmother

　　原文：

　　My grandmother is a kind and honest woman. She is always very friendly， so everyone likes her.

　　My grandmother is 76 years old， but she looks younger. She lives in Hunan. She worked as a worker in a factory. She was diligent and liked her job very much. But now， she always stays at home and watches TV. We worry about her health， (Because) my family living closely， so we often take her to go for walks.

　　I hope to see her very soon. I miss her very much.

　　Friends

　　原文：

　　I have many friends. I usually telephone or write to them. Friends may make me happy. They reminds me of the wonderful time we (have) played before. The friendship (is) like sunshine in my life.

　　Today we have the one-child policy in (China) china. (Children) Child maybe feel(s) lonely at home. As a boy's mother， I am thinking the way to help him to make more friends. I get to find (that) some mothers of his kindergarten have the same idea. So we (organize) are organized together. We often take our children to the park and they play freely. We swim in summer and skate in winter.

　　I have found a new idea recently. I (have) invited one of them to my home on weekend(s)， (they) just (play) like brothers in a family. The children (have) played well and happily. Sometimes they quarrel (with) to each other of course. That's also a way (of) making them get to know how to get together with others.

　　Have fun! The more friends you make(，) the more happiness you would have!

　　remind sb. of sth.

　　My Neighbors

　　原文：

　　Living in a tall building(，)。 I have many neighbors. Now， I want to tell you about my neighbors who live with me in the same (storey) story.

　　On the right side is the Yang's and on the left is the Liu's. They all have a daughter and they all like dogs. Several years ago， they usually talked about their daughters. Such as how fast their daughters (grew) grow up and so on. Now their daughters have grown up to be young ladies. So they change to feed dogs. Every evening I meet them (lead) leading the dog in our stairs and say “Hello” to them. As soon as they come out of the gate something is changed. To my surprise， it's the dogs that leading them to have the walk! The dogs are running fast ahead and they are chasing after (them) it. They tell me that they are doing their evening exercises!

　　My son likes dogs too. He always visits the Yong's and plays with the dog Baobao (the dog's name)。 They make good friends. Baobao always barks at strangers but never at my son.

　　“Neighbors (are) even closer than far relatives!” I am so happy that I am getting along well with my neighbors.

　　bark at sb.  向某人喊叫

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