成考高起點(diǎn)英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)誤用辨析
1.中文:他們結(jié)婚兩年了。
(誤)They have married for two years.
?。ㄕ㏕hey have been married for two years.(表示已婚狀態(tài)的持續(xù),要用完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式。)
2.中文:他被所有學(xué)生嘲笑。
?。ㄕ`)He was laughed by all the pupils.
(正)He was laughed at by all the pupils.(不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞=及物動(dòng)詞,變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)介詞不能省略。)
3.中文:英語難學(xué)。
?。ㄕ`)English is difficult to be learned.
?。ㄕ〦nglish is difficult to learn.(英語難學(xué)=學(xué)英語難,也可說It's difficult to learn English.原句的主語實(shí)際上是不定式的邏輯賓語,不定式要用主動(dòng)形式。)
4.中文:湯姆問我這些島嶼是否屬于美國。
(誤)Tom asked me if these islands are belonged to America.
?。ㄕ㏕om asked me if these islands belonged to America.
5.中文:中國發(fā)生了很大變化。
?。ㄕ`)Great changes have been taken place in China.
(正)Great changes have taken place in China.
6.中文:戰(zhàn)爭于一九三七年爆發(fā)。
?。ㄕ`)The war was broken out in 1937.
?。ㄕ㏕he war broke out in 1937.(take place,break out,happen,belong to等不及物動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。)
7.中文:我看不清黑板。也許你需要檢查你的眼睛。
?。ㄕ`)I can't see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to examine your eyes.
(正)I can't see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to have your eyes examined.(表示使某物被別人…,通常使用have或get+物+過去分詞表示。)
8.中文:他命令馬上開始工作。
?。ㄕ`)He ordered the work to start at once.
?。ㄕ〩e ordered the work to be started at once.(不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí),若與賓語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,要用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。)
9.中文:他試圖不介入政治。
?。ㄕ`)He tried not to have mixed up in politics.
?。ㄕ〩e tried not to get mixed up in politics.(get作系動(dòng)詞,可代替be,后接過去分詞表示被動(dòng),have無此功能。)
10.中文:據(jù)說他很富有。
?。ㄕ`)They say him to have been rich.
?。ㄕ〩e is said to have been rich.(say后不可接不定式,但它的被動(dòng)語態(tài)后可接不定式。)
11.中文:那人被認(rèn)為是個(gè)傻子。
?。ㄕ`)The man thought to be a fool.
?。ㄕ㏕he man was thought to be a fool.(主語是動(dòng)作的承受者而不是發(fā)出者,用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。)
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