2018年成人高考專升本英語考點：形容詞和副詞

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2018年成人高考專升本英語考點：形容詞和副詞

I.要點

A.形容詞

1、形容詞的用法

形容詞是用來修飾、描繪名詞的，通常在句中作定語、表語或賓補，有時還可作狀語。如：

He is honest and hardworking.

I found the book interesting.

某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類人作主語時，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.

The English like to be with their families.

多個形容詞作定語修飾名詞的順序：

冠詞+序數(shù)詞+基數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)狀態(tài)(描述性)+形狀大小+新舊老少+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞。如：the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.

2、形容詞比較等級的形式

(1)規(guī)則形式

一般說來，單音節(jié)詞及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在后加-er;--est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級;其他雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞在前加more,most.如：

great-greater-greatest

busy-busier-busiest

important-more important-(the)most important

(2)不規(guī)則形式

good(well)-better-best

bad(ill)-worse-worst

many(much)-more-most

little-less-least

(3)形容詞比較等級的用法

①表示兩者的比較，用形容詞的比較級+than.如：

He is cleverer than the other boys.

This one is more beautiful than that one.

②表示兩者以上的比較，用"the+形容詞最高級(+名詞)+of(in)…"如：

He is the cleverest boy in his class.

③表示兩者是同等程度，用"as+形容詞原級+as".如：

He is as tall as I.

I have as many books as you.

④越…越…

例如：The more I learn,the happier I am.

⑤You can never be too careful.越小心越好

又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly.

你怎么贊揚這個老師也不過分。

⑥I have never spent a more worrying day.

那一天是最令我擔心的一天。

I have never had a better dinner.

這是我吃過的最好的一頓飯。

⑦My English is no better than yours.

我的英語和你的英語都不怎么樣。

B.副詞

1、副詞的種類

(1)時間副詞如：ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,tomorrow等

(2)地點副詞如：here,there,near,around,in,out,up,down,back,away,outside等。

(3)方式副詞如：carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,politely,nervously等。

(4)程度副詞如：almost,nearly,much,greatly,a bit,a little,hardly,so,very等。

2、副詞比較等級的用法

其用法與形容詞相似，只是副詞最高級前可省略定冠詞。如：

Of all the boys he sings(the)most beautifully.

We must work harder.

3、某些副詞在用法上的區(qū)別

(1)already,yet,still

already表示某事物已經(jīng)發(fā)生，主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事發(fā)生，主要用于否定句和疑問句;still表示某事還在進行，主要用于肯定句和疑問句，有時也可用于否定句。如：

We've already watched that film.

I haven't finished my homework yet.

He still works until late every night.

(2)too,as well,also,either

too,as well和also用于肯定句和疑問句，too和as well多用于口語，一般放在句末，而also多用于書面語，一般放在句中與動詞連用。either用于否定句和否定的疑問句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.

He didn't go there either.

I like you as well.

I also went there.

(3)hard,hardly

hardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如：

I work hard every day.

I can hardly remember that.

(4)late,lately

lately意為"最近、近來"，late意為"晚、遲"。如：

He never comes late.

Have you been to the museum lately?

例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____

A high enough B tall enough

C enough high C enough tall

解析：該題正確答案是B。修飾人高用tall,而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞后面。因此該題選B。

例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.

A When I take more medicine

B The more medicine I take

C Taking more of the medicine

D More medicine taken

解析：該題正確答案為B。"the+形容詞比較級+…,the+形容詞比較級+…"意為越…，越…。該句意為：吃的藥越多，我的病越是加重。

例3"I haven't been to London yet".

"I haven't been there ____".

A too B also C either D neither

解析：該題正確答案為C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意為否定"兩者都不"，而C-either則用于否定句中，意為"也"。

例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.

A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply

解析：該題正確答案為B。A.deep用于副詞時，修飾具體的深，如dig deep,而B-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞，如該題為deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均為副詞，不能互相修飾。